NIO系列4:Selector的理解

作者: higher2017 | 来源:发表于2017-03-24 16:30 被阅读218次

    本文参考至:http://ifeve.com/selectors/

    Selector(选择器):

    是Java NIO中能够检测一到多个NIO通道,并能够知晓通道是否为诸如读写事件做好准备的组件。这样,一个单独的线程可以管理多个channel,从而管理多个网络连接。

    下面通过介绍几个方法来理解Selector于channel是怎样使用的:

    Selector的open():

    用来创建Selector对象

    SelectableChannel的register(Selector sel, int ops)方法:

    SelectableChannel是一个抽象类,凡是继承了它的类都可以切换阻塞状态(由非阻塞状态变为阻塞状态或者由阻塞状态变为非阻塞状态)典型的例子就是ServerSocketChannel(后面的实例就是用到它),我之前例子中用到的FileChannel它的状态是无法切换到非阻塞状态的。
    方法中的第一个参数Selector sel表示channel要注册到的Selector,第二个参数int ops表示:在通过Selector监听Channel时对什么事件感兴趣。可以监听四种不同类型的事件:
    1、Connect(通道触发了一个事件,意思是该事件已经就绪。某个channel成功连接到另一个服务器称为“连接就绪”。);
    2、Accept(一个server socket channel准备好接收新进入的连接称为“接收就绪”。);
    3、Read(一个有数据可读的通道可以说是“读就绪”。);
    4、Write(等待写数据的通道可以说是“写就绪”。)

    上面的这四种事件用SelectionKey的四个常量来表示:
    SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT
    SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT
    SelectionKey.OP_READ
    SelectionKey.OP_WRITE

    根据上面的描述简单来段代码:

            socketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            // 调整socketChannel通道的阻塞情况,传参为false表示将这个通道设置为非阻塞
            socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            System.out.println("listener on port:" + port);
            selector = Selector.open();
            // 表示将通道注册到Selector中
            socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
    

    下面是模拟客户端向服务端的请求:
    服务端:

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
    import java.nio.ByteOrder;
    import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
    import java.nio.channels.Selector;
    import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
    import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    
    /**
     * ServerSocketChannelTest:服务端
     * ServerSocketChannelTest(服务端)和SocketChannelTest(客户端)是一个简单的服务器<br/>
     * 这个代码结合ServerSocketChannel来演示Selector的使用
     * 
     * @author JM
     * @2017-3-24
     */
    public class ServerSocketChannelTest {
        private int size = 1024;
        private ServerSocketChannel socketChannel;
        private ByteBuffer byteBuffer;
        private Selector selector;
        /** 端口号 */
        private final int port = 8998;
        /** 客户端访问数量 */
        private int remoteClientNum = 0;
    
        public ServerSocketChannelTest() {
            try {
                initChannel();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                System.exit(-1);
            }
        }
    
        public void initChannel() throws Exception {
            socketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            // 调整socketChannel通道的阻塞情况,传参为false表示将这个通道设置为非阻塞
            socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            // InetSocketAddress对象表示IP Socket Address(IP号+端口号)就是访问路径
            // bind(SocketAddress local)方法表示:Binds the channel's socket to a local
            // address and configures the socket to listen for connections.
            // 就是对这个IP Socket Address进行绑定监听
            socketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
            System.out.println("listener on port:" + port);
            selector = Selector.open();
            // 表示将通道注册到Selector中
            socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
            byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(size);
            byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
        }
    
        private void listener() throws Exception {
            while (true) {
                System.out.println("------------------1");
                int n = selector.select();
                System.out.println("------------------4");
                if (n == 0) {
                    continue;
                }
                Iterator<SelectionKey> ite = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                while (ite.hasNext()) {
                    SelectionKey key = ite.next();
                    if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                        ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
                        SocketChannel channel = server.accept();
                        remoteClientNum++;
                        System.out.println("online client num = " + remoteClientNum);
                        replyClient(channel);
                    }
                    if (key.isReadable()) {
                        readDataFromSocket(key);
                    }
                    ite.remove();
                }
            }
        }
    
        protected void readDataFromSocket(SelectionKey key) throws Exception {
            SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
            int count;
            byteBuffer.clear();
            while ((count = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer)) > 0) {
                byteBuffer.flip();
                while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
                    socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);
                }
                byteBuffer.clear();
            }
            if (count < 0) {
                socketChannel.close();
            }
        }
    
        private void replyClient(SocketChannel channel) throws IOException {
            byteBuffer.clear();
            byteBuffer.put("hello client!\r\n".getBytes());
            byteBuffer.flip();
            channel.write(byteBuffer);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                new ServerSocketChannelTest().listener();
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }
    }
    

    客户端:

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
    import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
    import java.nio.ByteOrder;
    import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
    
    public class SocketChannelTest {
        private int size = 1024;
        private ByteBuffer byteBuffer;
        private SocketChannel socketChannel;
    
        /**
         * 将通道连接服务器
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public void connectServer() throws IOException {
            socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
            // 将这个channel连接到服务器上(IP+port)
            socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8998));
            //初始化缓冲区大小
            byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(size);
            //定义byteBuffer从缓冲区中存储或检索多字节数值时使用哪一字节顺序的常量
            //ByteOrder:作用就像一个类型安全的枚举。它定义了以其本身实例预初始化的两个public区域。
            //只有这两个ByteOrder实例总是存在于JVM中,因此它们可以通过使用--操作符进行比较
            byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
            receive();
        }
    
        /**
         * 接收来自服务器的消息
         * @throws IOException
         */
        private void receive() throws IOException {
            while (true) {
                byteBuffer.clear();
                while (socketChannel.read(byteBuffer) > 0) {
                    byteBuffer.flip();
                    while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
                        System.out.print((char) byteBuffer.get());
                    }
                    send("send data to server\r\n".getBytes());
                    byteBuffer.clear();
                }
            }
        }
    
        private void send(byte[] data) throws IOException {
            byteBuffer.clear();
            byteBuffer.put(data);
            byteBuffer.flip();
            socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            new SocketChannelTest().connectServer();
        }
    }
    

    本来还想介绍一下SocketChannel的,不过文章篇幅太长。下篇再介绍。

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