本文参考至:http://ifeve.com/selectors/
Selector(选择器):
是Java NIO中能够检测一到多个NIO通道,并能够知晓通道是否为诸如读写事件做好准备的组件。这样,一个单独的线程可以管理多个channel,从而管理多个网络连接。
下面通过介绍几个方法来理解Selector于channel是怎样使用的:
Selector的open():
用来创建Selector对象
SelectableChannel的register(Selector sel, int ops)方法:
SelectableChannel是一个抽象类,凡是继承了它的类都可以切换阻塞状态(由非阻塞状态变为阻塞状态或者由阻塞状态变为非阻塞状态)典型的例子就是ServerSocketChannel(后面的实例就是用到它),我之前例子中用到的FileChannel它的状态是无法切换到非阻塞状态的。
方法中的第一个参数Selector sel表示channel要注册到的Selector,第二个参数int ops表示:在通过Selector监听Channel时对什么事件感兴趣。可以监听四种不同类型的事件:
1、Connect(通道触发了一个事件,意思是该事件已经就绪。某个channel成功连接到另一个服务器称为“连接就绪”。);
2、Accept(一个server socket channel准备好接收新进入的连接称为“接收就绪”。);
3、Read(一个有数据可读的通道可以说是“读就绪”。);
4、Write(等待写数据的通道可以说是“写就绪”。)
上面的这四种事件用SelectionKey的四个常量来表示:
SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT
SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT
SelectionKey.OP_READ
SelectionKey.OP_WRITE
根据上面的描述简单来段代码:
socketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 调整socketChannel通道的阻塞情况,传参为false表示将这个通道设置为非阻塞
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
System.out.println("listener on port:" + port);
selector = Selector.open();
// 表示将通道注册到Selector中
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
下面是模拟客户端向服务端的请求:
服务端:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
/**
* ServerSocketChannelTest:服务端
* ServerSocketChannelTest(服务端)和SocketChannelTest(客户端)是一个简单的服务器<br/>
* 这个代码结合ServerSocketChannel来演示Selector的使用
*
* @author JM
* @2017-3-24
*/
public class ServerSocketChannelTest {
private int size = 1024;
private ServerSocketChannel socketChannel;
private ByteBuffer byteBuffer;
private Selector selector;
/** 端口号 */
private final int port = 8998;
/** 客户端访问数量 */
private int remoteClientNum = 0;
public ServerSocketChannelTest() {
try {
initChannel();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(-1);
}
}
public void initChannel() throws Exception {
socketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 调整socketChannel通道的阻塞情况,传参为false表示将这个通道设置为非阻塞
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// InetSocketAddress对象表示IP Socket Address(IP号+端口号)就是访问路径
// bind(SocketAddress local)方法表示:Binds the channel's socket to a local
// address and configures the socket to listen for connections.
// 就是对这个IP Socket Address进行绑定监听
socketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
System.out.println("listener on port:" + port);
selector = Selector.open();
// 表示将通道注册到Selector中
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(size);
byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
}
private void listener() throws Exception {
while (true) {
System.out.println("------------------1");
int n = selector.select();
System.out.println("------------------4");
if (n == 0) {
continue;
}
Iterator<SelectionKey> ite = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (ite.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = ite.next();
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
SocketChannel channel = server.accept();
remoteClientNum++;
System.out.println("online client num = " + remoteClientNum);
replyClient(channel);
}
if (key.isReadable()) {
readDataFromSocket(key);
}
ite.remove();
}
}
}
protected void readDataFromSocket(SelectionKey key) throws Exception {
SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
int count;
byteBuffer.clear();
while ((count = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer)) > 0) {
byteBuffer.flip();
while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);
}
byteBuffer.clear();
}
if (count < 0) {
socketChannel.close();
}
}
private void replyClient(SocketChannel channel) throws IOException {
byteBuffer.clear();
byteBuffer.put("hello client!\r\n".getBytes());
byteBuffer.flip();
channel.write(byteBuffer);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
new ServerSocketChannelTest().listener();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
客户端:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
public class SocketChannelTest {
private int size = 1024;
private ByteBuffer byteBuffer;
private SocketChannel socketChannel;
/**
* 将通道连接服务器
* @throws IOException
*/
public void connectServer() throws IOException {
socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
// 将这个channel连接到服务器上(IP+port)
socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8998));
//初始化缓冲区大小
byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(size);
//定义byteBuffer从缓冲区中存储或检索多字节数值时使用哪一字节顺序的常量
//ByteOrder:作用就像一个类型安全的枚举。它定义了以其本身实例预初始化的两个public区域。
//只有这两个ByteOrder实例总是存在于JVM中,因此它们可以通过使用--操作符进行比较
byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
receive();
}
/**
* 接收来自服务器的消息
* @throws IOException
*/
private void receive() throws IOException {
while (true) {
byteBuffer.clear();
while (socketChannel.read(byteBuffer) > 0) {
byteBuffer.flip();
while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
System.out.print((char) byteBuffer.get());
}
send("send data to server\r\n".getBytes());
byteBuffer.clear();
}
}
}
private void send(byte[] data) throws IOException {
byteBuffer.clear();
byteBuffer.put(data);
byteBuffer.flip();
socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
new SocketChannelTest().connectServer();
}
}
本来还想介绍一下SocketChannel的,不过文章篇幅太长。下篇再介绍。
网友评论