Android知识总结

一、权限的分类

系统权限分为两类：正常权限 和 危险权限。

• 正常权限不会直接给用户隐私权带来风险。如果您的应用在其清单中列出了正常权限，系统将自动授予该权限。
• 危险权限会授予应用访问用户机密数据的权限。如果您的应用在其清单中列出了正常权限，系统将自动授予该权限。如果您列出了危险权限，则用户必须明确批准您的应用使用这些权限。

那么，那些是危险权限呢，为什么是危险权限呢？

  <!-- 权限组：CALENDAR == 日历读取的权限申请 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CALENDAR" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR" />
  <!-- 权限组：CAMERA == 相机打开的权限申请 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
  <!-- 权限组：CONTACTS == 联系人通讯录信息获取/写入的权限申请 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS" />
  <!-- 权限组：LOCATION == 位置相关的权限申请 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
  <!-- 权限组：PHONE == 拨号相关的权限申请 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
  <!-- 权限组：SMS == 短信相关的权限申请 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS" />
  <!-- 权限组：STORAGE == 读取存储相关的权限申请 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

二、权限申请代码

<!-- 第一步：在AndroidManifest.xml中添加所需权限。 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
    private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS = 999;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // 申请 危险权限
        requestPermission();
    }

    // 第二步：封装了一个requestPermission方法来动态检查和申请权限
    private void requestPermission() {

        Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission");

        //先检查之前有没有申请过这个READ_CONTACTS权限，如果么有申请过，才申请
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Log.i(TAG, "checkSelfPermission");
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {
                Log.i(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale 原来你个货，之前拒绝过申请权限");
                // 申请 联系人读取权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                        MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

            } else {
                Log.i(TAG, "requestPermissions 之前没有拒绝过，正常的申请权限");
                // No explanation needed, we can request the permission.
                // 申请 联系人读取权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                        MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
            }
        }
    }

    // 第三步：重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法根据用户的不同选择做出响应。
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
                                           String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
                // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
                if (grantResults.length > 0
                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult granted");.
                } else {
                    Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult denied");
                    showWaringDialog();
                }
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    // 如果点击 拒绝，就会弹出这个 提示框
    private void showWaringDialog() {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle("警告！")
                .setMessage("请前往设置->应用->PermissionDemo->权限中打开相关权限，否则功能无法正常运行！")
                .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // 一般情况下如果用户不授权的话，功能是无法运行的，做退出处理
                        finish();
                    }
                }).show();
    }
    
}

运行结果

2.1、requestPermissions源码整体

总结上面的几个 核心函数

//检查应用是否具有某个危险权限。
//如果应用具有此权限，方法将返回 PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED，并且应用可以继续操作。
//如果应用不具有此权限，方法将返回 PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED，且应用必须明确向用户要求权限
checkSelfPermission(@NonNull String permission)

//应用可以通过这个方法动态申请权限，调用后会弹出一个对话框提示用户授权所申请的权限。
requestPermissions(@NonNull String[] permissions, int requestCode)

//处理结果回调
onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults)

//是否需要显示UI界面提示用户为什么需要这个权限
//如果应用之前请求过此权限但用户拒绝了请求，此方法将返回 true。如果用户在过去拒绝了权限请求，并在
//权限请求系统对话框中选择了 Don't ask again 选项，此方法将返回 false。如果设备规范禁止应用具有该权限，此方法也会返回 false
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(@NonNull String permission)

三、权限申请源码流程

权限申请整体流程图

重申请权限开始

 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

调用ActivityCompat中的requestPermissions方法

    public static void requestPermissions(final @NonNull Activity activity,
            final @NonNull String[] permissions, final @IntRange(from = 0) int requestCode) {
        if (sDelegate != null
                && sDelegate.requestPermissions(activity, permissions, requestCode)) {
            // Delegate has handled the permission request.
            return;
        }
        //API 23以上执行
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            if (activity instanceof RequestPermissionsRequestCodeValidator) {
                ((RequestPermissionsRequestCodeValidator) activity)
                        .validateRequestPermissionsRequestCode(requestCode);
            }
            //权限申请
            activity.requestPermissions(permissions, requestCode);
        } else if (activity instanceof OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback) {
            Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
            handler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    final int[] grantResults = new int[permissions.length];

                    PackageManager packageManager = activity.getPackageManager();
                    String packageName = activity.getPackageName();

                    final int permissionCount = permissions.length;
                    for (int i = 0; i < permissionCount; i++) {
                        grantResults[i] = packageManager.checkPermission(
                                permissions[i], packageName);
                    }

                    ((OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback) activity).onRequestPermissionsResult(
                            requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
                }
            });
        }
    }

执行Activity的requestPermissions

    public final void requestPermissions(@NonNull String[] permissions, int requestCode) {
        if (requestCode < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("requestCode should be >= 0");
        }
        if (mHasCurrentPermissionsRequest) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Can request only one set of permissions at a time");
            // 返回结果
            onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, new String[0], new int[0]);
            return;
        }
        //从 PackageManager 获取 Intent
        Intent intent = getPackageManager().buildRequestPermissionsIntent(permissions);
        startActivityForResult(REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_WHO_PREFIX, intent, requestCode, null);
        mHasCurrentPermissionsRequest = true;
    }

执行PackageManager获取Intent

    public static final String ACTION_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS =
            "android.content.pm.action.REQUEST_PERMISSIONS";

    public Intent buildRequestPermissionsIntent(@NonNull String[] permissions) {
        if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(permissions)) {
           throw new IllegalArgumentException("permission cannot be null or empty");
        }
        //隐士意图
        Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS);
        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_NAMES, permissions);
        intent.setPackage(getPermissionControllerPackageName());
        return intent;
    }

接下来我们可以在AndroidManifest.xml中找的系统的Activity

<activity android:name=".permission.ui.GrantPermissionsActivity"
        android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize"
        android:excludeFromRecents="true"
        android:theme="@style/GrantPermissions"
        android:visibleToInstantApps="true">
     
     <!-- 那么我们就根据”android.content.pm.action.REQUEST_PERMISSIONS“ 
表示动作来找到需要激活的某个Activity不就行了 -->
        <intent-filter android:priority="1">
          <action
android:name="android.content.pm.action.REQUEST_PERMISSIONS" />
          <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

接下来我们就对GrantPermissionsActivity进行分析。
原来GrantPermissionsActivity也就是我们常见的权限申请界面，用户可以根据提示选择是否授权给应用相应的权限。用户操作后的结果会通过回调GrantPermissionsActivity的onPermissionGrantResult方法返回。在onPermissionGrantResult方法中会根据返回结果去决定是走授予权限还是撤销权限流程，然后会更新授权结果，最后返回结果并结束自己：

  @Override
  public void onPermissionGrantResult(String name, boolean granted, boolean doNotAskAgain) {
    GroupState groupState = mRequestGrantPermissionGroups.get(name);
    if (groupState.mGroup != null) {
      if (granted) {
        // 授予权限
        groupState.mGroup.grantRuntimePermissions(doNotAskAgain,
            groupState.affectedPermissions);
        groupState.mState = GroupState.STATE_ALLOWED;
     } else {
        // 撤销权限
        groupState.mGroup.revokeRuntimePermissions(doNotAskAgain,
            groupState.affectedPermissions);
        groupState.mState = GroupState.STATE_DENIED;
        int numRequestedPermissions = mRequestedPermissions.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < numRequestedPermissions; i++) {
          String permission = mRequestedPermissions[i];
          if (groupState.mGroup.hasPermission(permission)) {
            EventLogger.logPermissionDenied(this, permission,
                mAppPermissions.getPackageInfo().packageName);
         }
       }
     }
      // 更新授权结果
      updateGrantResults(groupState.mGroup);
   }
    if (!showNextPermissionGroupGrantRequest()) {
      // 返回授权结果并结束自己
      setResultAndFinish();
   }
 }

接下来继续跟踪AppPermissionGroup.grantRuntimePermissions方法分析授权流程。AppPermissionGroup.grantRuntimePermissions方法中会判断targetSdkVersion是否大于LOLLIPOP_MR1（22），如果大于则做动态权限申请处理。

    public boolean grantRuntimePermissions(boolean fixedByTheUser, String[] filterPermissions) {
        final int uid = mPackageInfo.applicationInfo.uid;

        for (Permission permission : mPermissions.values()) {
            if (mAppSupportsRuntimePermissions) {
                //  在Android 5.1后，就需要支持动态申请权限啦
                // LOLLIPOP_MR1之后版本，支持动态权限申请
                // Do not touch permissions fixed by the system.
                if (permission.isSystemFixed()) {
                    return false;
                }
                if (permission.hasAppOp() && !permission.isAppOpAllowed()) {
                    permission.setAppOpAllowed(true);
                    mAppOps.setUidMode(permission.getAppOp(), uid,
                            AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
                }
                if (!permission.isGranted()) {
                    permission.setGranted(true);
                    // 这里很关键, 通过mPackageManager.grantRuntimePermission 跨进程到 PKMS
                    // 下面我们就分析这个操作了哦，注意哦
                    // 熟悉Android源码的同学都知道XXXManager只是一个辅助类，其真正提供服
                    //务的都是XXXManagerService，所以 直接跳转PackageManagerService中的grantRuntimePermission方法。
                    mPackageManager.grantRuntimePermission(mPackageInfo.packageName, permission.getName(), mUserHandle);
                }

                if (!fixedByTheUser) {
                    if (permission.isUserFixed() || permission.isUserSet()) {
                        permission.setUserFixed(false);
                        permission.setUserSet(false);
                        mPackageManager.updatePermissionFlags(permission.getName(),
                                mPackageInfo.packageName,
                                PackageManager.FLAG_PERMISSION_USER_FIXED
                                PackageManager.FLAG_PERMISSION_USER_SET, 0, mUserHandle);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // LOLLIPOP_MR1之前版本，不支持动态权限申请
                ...
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

接下来看PackageManagerService的grantRuntimePermission方法，涉及跨进程通信

    private final PermissionManagerInternal mPermissionManager;

    public void grantRuntimePermission(String packageName, String permName, final int userId) {
        mPermissionManager.grantRuntimePermission(permName, packageName, false /*overridePolicy*/,
                getCallingUid(), userId, mPermissionCallback);
    }

在PermissionManagerService中实现PermissionManagerInternal的grantRuntimePermission方法

   private class PermissionManagerInternalImpl extends PermissionManagerInternal {
        public void grantRuntimePermission(String permName, String packageName,
                boolean overridePolicy, int callingUid, int userId,
                PermissionCallback callback) {
            PermissionManagerService.this.grantRuntimePermission(
                    permName, packageName, overridePolicy, callingUid, userId, callback);
        }
}

    private void grantRuntimePermission(String permName, String packageName, boolean overridePolicy,
            int callingUid, final int userId, PermissionCallback callback) {
        // 检查用户是否存在
        if (!mUserManagerInt.exists(userId)) {
            Log.e(TAG, "No such user:" + userId);
            return;
        }
        //检查PackageInstaller是否有动态权限授权权限
        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
                android.Manifest.permission.GRANT_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS,
                "grantRuntimePermission");

        enforceCrossUserPermission(callingUid, userId,
                true,  // requireFullPermission
                true,  // checkShell
                false, // requirePermissionWhenSameUser
                "grantRuntimePermission");

        final PackageParser.Package pkg = mPackageManagerInt.getPackage(packageName);
        if (pkg == null || pkg.mExtras == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown package: " + packageName);
        }
        final BasePermission bp;
        synchronized(mLock) {
            bp = mSettings.getPermissionLocked(permName);
        }
        if (bp == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown permission: " + permName);
        }
        if (mPackageManagerInt.filterAppAccess(pkg, callingUid, userId)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown package: " + packageName);
        }

        bp.enforceDeclaredUsedAndRuntimeOrDevelopment(pkg);
        if (mSettings.mPermissionReviewRequired
                && pkg.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.M
                && bp.isRuntime()) {
            return;
        }

        final int uid = UserHandle.getUid(userId, pkg.applicationInfo.uid);

        final PackageSetting ps = (PackageSetting) pkg.mExtras;
        final PermissionsState permissionsState = ps.getPermissionsState();

        final int flags = permissionsState.getPermissionFlags(permName, userId);
        if ((flags & PackageManager.FLAG_PERMISSION_SYSTEM_FIXED) != 0) {
            throw new SecurityException("Cannot grant system fixed permission "
                    + permName + " for package " + packageName);
        }
        if (!overridePolicy && (flags & PackageManager.FLAG_PERMISSION_POLICY_FIXED) != 0) {
            throw new SecurityException("Cannot grant policy fixed permission "
                    + permName + " for package " + packageName);
        }

        if (bp.isDevelopment()) {
            if (permissionsState.grantInstallPermission(bp) !=
                    PermissionsState.PERMISSION_OPERATION_FAILURE) {
                if (callback != null) {
                    callback.onInstallPermissionGranted();
                }
            }
            return;
        }

        if (ps.getInstantApp(userId) && !bp.isInstant()) {
            throw new SecurityException("Cannot grant non-ephemeral permission"
                    + permName + " for package " + packageName);
        }

        if (pkg.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            Slog.w(TAG, "Cannot grant runtime permission to a legacy app");
            return;
        }

        final int result = permissionsState.grantRuntimePermission(bp, userId);
        switch (result) {
            case PermissionsState.PERMISSION_OPERATION_FAILURE: {
                return;
            }

            case PermissionsState.PERMISSION_OPERATION_SUCCESS_GIDS_CHANGED: {
                if (callback != null) {
                      //权限改变
                    callback.onGidsChanged(UserHandle.getAppId(pkg.applicationInfo.uid), userId);
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        if (bp.isRuntime()) {
            logPermission(MetricsEvent.ACTION_PERMISSION_GRANTED, permName, packageName);
        }

        if (callback != null) {
            //回调PermissionCallback的onPermissionGranted方法通知授予权限
            callback.onPermissionGranted(uid, userId);
        }

        // to make an expensive call to remount processes for the changed permissions.
        if (READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE.equals(permName)
                || WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE.equals(permName)) {
            final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            try {
                if (mUserManagerInt.isUserInitialized(userId)) {
                    StorageManagerInternal storageManagerInternal = LocalServices.getService(
                            StorageManagerInternal.class);
                    storageManagerInternal.onExternalStoragePolicyChanged(uid, packageName);
                }
            } finally {
                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
            }
        }
    }

然后又回到PackageManagerService中

    private PermissionCallback mPermissionCallback = new PermissionCallback() {
        public void onPermissionGranted(int uid, int userId) {
            mOnPermissionChangeListeners.onPermissionsChanged(uid);
            // Not critical; if this is lost, the application has to request again.
            synchronized (mPackages) {
                //下面会分钟分析这个函数
                mSettings.writeRuntimePermissionsForUserLPr(userId, false);
            }
        }
}

回调的是PackageManagerService中的PermissionCallback，在其实现的onPermissionGranted方法中会去通知观察者权 限发生变化，并调用PackageManager的Settings记录动态权限授权状态。

看在Settings的执行流程

public final class Settings {
    public void writeRuntimePermissionsForUserLPr(int userId, boolean sync) {
        if (sync) {
            mRuntimePermissionsPersistence.writePermissionsForUserSyncLPr(userId);
        } else {
            mRuntimePermissionsPersistence.writePermissionsForUserAsyncLPr(userId);
        }
    }

    private final class RuntimePermissionPersistence {
        public void writePermissionsForUserSyncLPr(int userId) {
            mHandler.removeMessages(userId);
            writePermissionsSync(userId);
        }

        // writePermissionsSync方法来完成最后的记录工作。
        // writePermissionsSync方法的代码很长，但是逻辑很清晰，就是先查询与应用相关的所有权限状态，
        // 然后创建 runtime-permissions.xml 文件把这些信息记录进去。
        private void writePermissionsSync(int userId) {
            // 动态权限文件（runtime-permissions.xml
            AtomicFile destination = new AtomicFile(getUserRuntimePermissionsFile(userId),
                    "package-perms-" + userId);

            ArrayMap<String, List<PermissionState>> permissionsForPackage = new ArrayMap<>();
            ArrayMap<String, List<PermissionState>> permissionsForSharedUser = new ArrayMap<>();

            synchronized (mPersistenceLock) {
                mWriteScheduled.delete(userId);
                //获得Package权限状态
                final int packageCount = mPackages.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < packageCount; i++) {
                    String packageName = mPackages.keyAt(i);
                    PackageSetting packageSetting = mPackages.valueAt(i);
                    if (packageSetting.sharedUser == null) {
                        PermissionsState permissionsState = packageSetting.getPermissionsState();
                        List<PermissionState> permissionsStates = permissionsState
                                .getRuntimePermissionStates(userId);
                        if (!permissionsStates.isEmpty()) {
                            permissionsForPackage.put(packageName, permissionsStates);
                        }
                    }
                }
                //获得SharedUser权限状态
                final int sharedUserCount = mSharedUsers.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < sharedUserCount; i++) {
                    String sharedUserName = mSharedUsers.keyAt(i);
                    SharedUserSetting sharedUser = mSharedUsers.valueAt(i);
                    PermissionsState permissionsState = sharedUser.getPermissionsState();
                    List<PermissionState> permissionsStates = permissionsState
                            .getRuntimePermissionStates(userId);
                    if (!permissionsStates.isEmpty()) {
                        permissionsForSharedUser.put(sharedUserName, permissionsStates);
                    }
                }
            }

            FileOutputStream out = null;
            try {
                out = destination.startWrite();
                // 创建xml文件用于记录权限状态
                XmlSerializer serializer = Xml.newSerializer();
                serializer.setOutput(out, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
                serializer.setFeature(
                        "http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/features.html#indent-output", true);
                serializer.startDocument(null, true);

                serializer.startTag(null, TAG_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS);

                String fingerprint = mFingerprints.get(userId);
                if (fingerprint != null) {
                    serializer.attribute(null, ATTR_FINGERPRINT, fingerprint);
                }
                // 写入Package权限状态
                final int packageCount = permissionsForPackage.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < packageCount; i++) {
                    String packageName = permissionsForPackage.keyAt(i);
                    List<PermissionState> permissionStates = permissionsForPackage.valueAt(i);
                    serializer.startTag(null, TAG_PACKAGE);
                    serializer.attribute(null, ATTR_NAME, packageName);
                    writePermissions(serializer, permissionStates);
                    serializer.endTag(null, TAG_PACKAGE);
                }
                // 写入SharedUser权限状态
                final int sharedUserCount = permissionsForSharedUser.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < sharedUserCount; i++) {
                    String packageName = permissionsForSharedUser.keyAt(i);
                    List<PermissionState> permissionStates = permissionsForSharedUser.valueAt(i);
                    serializer.startTag(null, TAG_SHARED_USER);
                    serializer.attribute(null, ATTR_NAME, packageName);
                    writePermissions(serializer, permissionStates);
                    serializer.endTag(null, TAG_SHARED_USER);
                }

                serializer.endTag(null, TAG_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS);

                // Now any restored permission grants that are waiting for the apps
                // in question to be installed.  These are stored as per-package
                // TAG_RESTORED_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS blocks, each containing some
                // number of individual permission grant entities.
                if (mRestoredUserGrants.get(userId) != null) {
                    ArrayMap<String, ArraySet<RestoredPermissionGrant>> restoredGrants =
                            mRestoredUserGrants.get(userId);
                    if (restoredGrants != null) {
                        final int pkgCount = restoredGrants.size();
                        for (int i = 0; i < pkgCount; i++) {
                            final ArraySet<RestoredPermissionGrant> pkgGrants =
                                    restoredGrants.valueAt(i);
                            if (pkgGrants != null && pkgGrants.size() > 0) {
                                final String pkgName = restoredGrants.keyAt(i);
                                serializer.startTag(null, TAG_RESTORED_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS);
                                serializer.attribute(null, ATTR_PACKAGE_NAME, pkgName);

                                final int N = pkgGrants.size();
                                for (int z = 0; z < N; z++) {
                                    RestoredPermissionGrant g = pkgGrants.valueAt(z);
                                    serializer.startTag(null, TAG_PERMISSION_ENTRY);
                                    serializer.attribute(null, ATTR_NAME, g.permissionName);

                                    if (g.granted) {
                                        serializer.attribute(null, ATTR_GRANTED, "true");
                                    }

                                    if ((g.grantBits&FLAG_PERMISSION_USER_SET) != 0) {
                                        serializer.attribute(null, ATTR_USER_SET, "true");
                                    }
                                    if ((g.grantBits&FLAG_PERMISSION_USER_FIXED) != 0) {
                                        serializer.attribute(null, ATTR_USER_FIXED, "true");
                                    }
                                    if ((g.grantBits&FLAG_PERMISSION_REVOKE_ON_UPGRADE) != 0) {
                                        serializer.attribute(null, ATTR_REVOKE_ON_UPGRADE, "true");
                                    }
                                    serializer.endTag(null, TAG_PERMISSION_ENTRY);
                                }
                                serializer.endTag(null, TAG_RESTORED_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                // 写入结束
                serializer.endDocument();
                destination.finishWrite(out);

                if (Build.FINGERPRINT.equals(fingerprint)) {
                    mDefaultPermissionsGranted.put(userId, true);
                }
                // Any error while writing is fatal.
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                Slog.wtf(PackageManagerService.TAG,
                        "Failed to write settings, restoring backup", t);
                destination.failWrite(out);
            } finally {
                IoUtils.closeQuietly(out);
            }
        }
    }    
}

权限申请源码流程总结:

• 第一步：MainActivity 调用 requestPermissions 进行动态权限申请；
• 第二步：requestPermissions函数通过隐士意图，激活PackageInstaller的GrantPermissionsActivity界面，让用户选择是否授权；
• 第三步：经过PKMS把相关信息传递给PermissionManagerService处理；
• 第四步：PermissionManagerService处理结束后回调给---->PKMS中的onPermissionGranted方法把处理结果返回；
• 第五步：PKMS通知过程中权限变化，并调用writeRuntimePermissionsForUserLPr函数让PackageManager的settings记录下相关授权信息，保存到 XML（data/system/users/0/runtime-permissions.xml） 文件中；

• 注意：最终会通过这个类将相应的权限写入data/system/users/0/runtime-permissions.xml这个文件中，供其他接口调用

权限保存位置

四、校验权限流程

check权限流程

从权限的鉴定开始

     if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
            != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
         
    }

调用ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission方法

    public static int checkSelfPermission(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String permission) {
        if (permission == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("permission is null");
        }

        return context.checkPermission(permission, android.os.Process.myPid(), Process.myUid());
    }

因为Context运用装饰模式，最终会调用ContextImpl中的checkPermission

    public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid) {
        if (permission == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("permission is null");
        }

        final IActivityManager am = ActivityManager.getService();
        if (am == null) {
            // Well this is super awkward; we somehow don't have an active
            // ActivityManager instance. If we're testing a root or system
            // UID, then they totally have whatever permission this is.
            final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
            if (appId == Process.ROOT_UID || appId == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "Missing ActivityManager; assuming " + uid + " holds " + permission);
                return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
            }
            Slog.w(TAG, "Missing ActivityManager; assuming " + uid + " does not hold "
                    + permission);
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
        }

        try {
            //进入AMS 进行跨进程通信
            return am.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
        }
    }

调用ActivityManagerService中的checkComponentPermission

    public int checkPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid) {
        if (permission == null) {
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
        }
        return checkComponentPermission(permission, pid, uid, -1, true);
    }

    int checkComponentPermission(String permission, int pid, int uid,
            int owningUid, boolean exported) {
        if (pid == MY_PID) {
            //已经给了权限
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        }
        //校验
        return ActivityManager.checkComponentPermission(permission, uid,
                owningUid, exported);
    }

进入大管家ActivityManager的checkComponentPermission

    public static int checkComponentPermission(String permission, int uid,
            int owningUid, boolean exported) {
        // Root, system server get to do everything.
        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
        if (appId == Process.ROOT_UID || appId == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        }
        // Isolated processes don't get any permissions.
        if (UserHandle.isIsolated(uid)) {
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
        }
        // If there is a uid that owns whatever is being accessed, it has
        // blanket access to it regardless of the permissions it requires.
        if (owningUid >= 0 && UserHandle.isSameApp(uid, owningUid)) {
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        }
        // If the target is not exported, then nobody else can get to it.
        if (!exported) {
            /*
            RuntimeException here = new RuntimeException("here");
            here.fillInStackTrace();
            Slog.w(TAG, "Permission denied: checkComponentPermission() owningUid=" + owningUid,
                    here);
            */
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
        }
        if (permission == null) {
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        }
        try {
            //会进入PKMS中，进行跨进程通信
            return AppGlobals.getPackageManager()
                    .checkUidPermission(permission, uid);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
        }
    }

进入PackageManagerService中的checkUidPermission

    public int checkUidPermission(String permName, int uid) {
        synchronized (mPackages) {
            final String[] packageNames = getPackagesForUid(uid);
            final PackageParser.Package pkg = (packageNames != null && packageNames.length > 0)
                    ? mPackages.get(packageNames[0])
                    : null;
            //进入 PermissionManagerService
            return mPermissionManager.checkUidPermission(permName, pkg, uid, getCallingUid());
        }
    }

进入PermissionManagerService权限管理中

public class PermissionManagerService {
    private int checkUidPermission(String permName, PackageParser.Package pkg, int uid,
            int callingUid) {
        final int callingUserId = UserHandle.getUserId(callingUid);
        final boolean isCallerInstantApp =
                mPackageManagerInt.getInstantAppPackageName(callingUid) != null;
        final boolean isUidInstantApp =
                mPackageManagerInt.getInstantAppPackageName(uid) != null;
        final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid);
        if (!mUserManagerInt.exists(userId)) {
            return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
        }

        if (pkg != null) {
            if (pkg.mSharedUserId != null) {
                if (isCallerInstantApp) {
                    return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
                }
            } else if (mPackageManagerInt.filterAppAccess(pkg, callingUid, callingUserId)) {
                return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
            }
            final PermissionsState permissionsState =
                    ((PackageSetting) pkg.mExtras).getPermissionsState();
            if (permissionsState.hasPermission(permName, userId)) {
                if (isUidInstantApp) {
                    if (mSettings.isPermissionInstant(permName)) {
                        return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                    }
                } else {
                    return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                }
            }
            // Special case: ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission includes ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
            if (Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION.equals(permName) && permissionsState
                    .hasPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, userId)) {
                return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
            }
        } else {
            ArraySet<String> perms = mSystemPermissions.get(uid);
            if (perms != null) {
                if (perms.contains(permName)) {
                    return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                }
                if (Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION.equals(permName) && perms
                        .contains(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {
                    return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                }
            }
        }
        return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
    }


    private class PermissionManagerInternalImpl extends PermissionManagerInternal {
        @Override
        public int checkUidPermission(String permName, PackageParser.Package pkg, int uid,
                int callingUid) {
            return PermissionManagerService.this.checkUidPermission(permName, pkg, uid, callingUid);
        }
    }
}

五、总结

权限整体流程.jpg