Admin管理工具
Django提供了基于web的管理工具
Django自动管理工具是django.contrib的一部分，可以在项目的settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS看到

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'TestModel',
]

激活管理工具

通常在生成项目时会在urls.py中自动设置好
url(r'^admin/',admin.site.urls),

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse
from . import view,testdb,search,search2

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/',admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^$',view.hello),
    url(r'^testdb$',testdb.testdb),
    url(r'^search-form$',search.search_form),
    url(r'^search$',search.search),
    url(r'^search-post$',search2.search_post),
]

使用管理工具

访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

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通过命令 python manage.py createsuperuser 来创建超级用户

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输入账号密码登录

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为了让admin界面管理某个数据模型，我们需要先注册该数据模型到admin

比如我们之前在TestModel中已创建了模型Test。修改TestModel/admin.py，刷新页面

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test

# Register your models here.

admin.site.register(Test)

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---

复杂模型

先在TestModel/models.py中增加一个更复杂的数据模型
下面代码里的两个表（Tag，Contact），Tag以Contact为外部键，一个Contact可以对应多个Tag

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
#models.py

class Test(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    
class Contact(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
    age  = models.IntegerField(default = 0)
    email= models.EmailField()
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

class Tag(models.Model):
    contact = models.ForeignKey(Contact)
    name    = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name
        

在TestModel/admin.py里注册多个模型并显示，多个模型用中括号括起来，逗号隔开
别忘了修改导入

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.

admin.site.register([Test,Contact,Tag])

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创建表结构
python manage.py makemigrations TestModel # 让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更

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python manage.py migrate TestModel # 创建表结构
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数据库新增的表

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自定义表单

如下，我们新增Contact时默认有三个字段，如果我想隐藏掉Age，可以这么做。

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修改TestModel/admin.py
给Contact定义一个类，只展示name，email
然后注册时指定Contact使用这个类

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ('name','email')

admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])

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也可以自定义格式，将输入栏分块，修改TestModel/admin.py
Main：主显示
Advance：可选显示
'classes':('collapse',), 是个css样式，折叠。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        ['Main',{
            'fields':('name','email'),
            }
        ],
        ['Advance',{
            'classes':('collapse',),#css
            'fields':('age',),
            }
        ]
    )
        

admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])

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---

内联显示

上面的Contact是Tag的外部键，可以使用内联显示，将Tag附加在Contact的编辑页面显示
修改TestModel/admin.py

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.
class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Tag
    
    
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [TagInline] #Inline
    
    fieldsets = (
        ['Main',{
            'fields':('name','email'),
            }
        ],
        ['Advance',{
            'classes':('collapse',),#css
            'fields':('age',),
            }
        ]
    )
        

admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])

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列表页显示

自定义列表页面展示，在ContactAdmin中增加list_display属性

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.
class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Tag
    
    
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    list_display = ('name','age','email') #list
    inlines = [TagInline] #Inline
    
    fieldsets = (
        ['Main',{
            'fields':('name','email'),
            }
        ],
        ['Advance',{
            'classes':('collapse',),#css
            'fields':('age',),
            }
        ]
    )
        

admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])

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在列表增加搜索栏

修改TestModel/admin.py，使用search_fields

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.
class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Tag
    
    
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    list_display = ('name','age','email') #list
    search_fields = ('name',) #search
    inlines = [TagInline] #Inline
    
    fieldsets = (
        ['Main',{
            'fields':('name','email'),
            }
        ],
        ['Advance',{
            'classes':('collapse',),#css
            'fields':('age',),
            }
        ]
    )
        

admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])

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