开发语言:Swift 4.2
开发环境:Xcode 10.1
Swift 提供了以下几种高阶函数,用以进行数组转换。
1、Sequence.map
遍历原数组,并使用闭包提供的方法对集合的子项进行转换,生成新的数组,例如
1.1、[Int]转换为[String]
let test = [1,2,3,4,5]
let result = test.map({ (value) -> String in
return value.string
})
print(result)
输出:["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
1.2、[Int]转换为[[String]]
let test = [1,2,3,4,5]
let result = test.map({ (value) -> [String] in
return [value.string, (value * 5).string]
})
print(result)
输出:[["1", "5"], ["2", "10"], ["3", "15"], ["4", "20"], ["5", "25"]]
2、Sequence.flatMap
遍历原数组,生成二维数组,最后降维 或 遍历原数组,过滤非空
2.1、[Int]转换为[String](将1.2的二维数组降维成一维数组)
let test = [1,2,3,4,5]
let result = test.flatMap({ (value) -> [String] in
return [value.string, (value * 5).string]
})
print(result)
输出:["1", "5", "2", "10", "3", "15", "4", "20", "5", "25"]
2.2、[Int?]转换为[String](过滤非空)
let test = [1,2,3,4,5,nil]
let result = test.flatMap({ (value) -> String? in
guard let noNil = value else {
return nil
}
return noNil.string
})
print(result)
输出:["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
2.3、 问题:如果想同时降维与过滤非空会怎样?
let test = [1,2,3,4,5,nil]
let result = test.flatMap({ (value) -> [String]? in
guard let noNil = value else {
return nil
}
return [noNil.string, (noNil * 5).string]
})
print(result)
输出:[["1", "5"], ["2", "10"], ["3", "15"], ["4", "20"], ["5", "25"]]
- 此时并没有执行任何降维的操作,事实上在同时有降维和过滤非空的情况下,flatMap只会执行过滤非空的操作
- 在Swift4.1中,为了不让使用者混淆这两种flatMap的使用情况,引入了新的函数compactMap
3、Sequence.compactMap
遍历原数组,过滤非空
3.1、[Int?]转换为[String](过滤非空)
let test = [1,2,3,4,5,nil]
let result = test.compactMap({ (value) -> String? in
guard let noNil = value else {
return nil
}
return noNil.string
})
print(result)
输出:["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]
3.2、[Int]转换为[[String]](无法降维)
let test = [1,2,3,4,5]
let result = test.compactMap({ (value) -> [String] in
return [value.string, (value * 5).string]
})
print(result)
输出:[["1", "5"], ["2", "10"], ["3", "15"], ["4", "20"], ["5", "25"]]
4、Sequence.reduce
指定一个初始值,遍历原数组,通过闭包的计算将数组元素叠加到初始值上
let test = [1,2,3,4,5]
let result = test.reduce("begin") { (res, value) -> String in
return res + " " + value.string
}
print(result)
输出:begin 1 2 3 4 5
5、Sequence.filter
遍历原数组,过滤掉不符合闭包的元素
let test = [1,2,3,4,5]
let result = test.filter { (value) -> Bool in
return value % 2 == 0
}
print(result)
输出:[2, 4]
6、Sequence.contains
遍历原数组,判断是否包含符合闭包条件的元素
let test = [1,2,3,4,5]
let result = test.contains { (value) -> Bool in
return value == 5
}
print(result)
输出:true
7、Sequence.first
遍历原数组,返回第一个符合闭包条件的元素可选值
let test = [2,4,6,8,10]
let result = test.first { (value) -> Bool in
return value == 6
}
print(result)
输出:Optional(6)
8、Sequence.firstIndex
遍历原数组,返回第一个符合闭包条件的元素的下标可选值
let test = [2,4,6,8,10]
let result = test.firstIndex { (value) -> Bool in
return value == 6
}
print(result)
输出:Optional(2)
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