Transcript-level expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with HISAT, StringTie and Ballgown
用HISAT, StringTie 和 Ballgown来进行转录组测序数据的表达水平分析
ps:文章省略了数据的质控,去除污染物,去除接头等操作,直接从序列比对开始
分析流程可以分成4个主要的方面:
(i) alignment of the reads to the genome;
(ii) assembly of thealignments into full-length transcripts;
(iii) quantification of the expressionlevels of each gene and transcript; and
(iv) calculation of the differences in expression for all genes among the different experimental conditions.
1 比对reads到gene组
2将alignments 组装成完整的转录本
3定量每个gene或者转录本的表达水平
4计算不同实验条件下所有gene表达差异
分析使用的3个软件的分别作用:
HISAT:alignsRNA-seq reads to a genome and discovers transcript splice sites
HISAT:比对RNA测序的reads到基因组和已知的转录剪切位点
StringTie:assembles the alignments into full and partial tran-scripts, creating multiple isoforms asnecessary and estimating the expression levels of all genes and transcripts.
StringTie:组装 alignments到全部或者部分转录组,生成多个isoforms,计算所有gene和transcripts的表达水平
Ballgown:takes thetranscripts and expression levels from StringTie and applies rigorous statistical methods to determine which transcripts are differentially expressed between two or more experiments.
Ballgown:导入StringTie生成的转录本以及表达水平结果,采用严格的统计方法来确认在不同实验条件下差异表达的 transcripts
具体流程图:
Figure 1 | An overview of the ‘new Tuxedo’ protocol.具体流程:
*FASTQC和FASTX toolkit进行原始RNA测序数据的质控:去除污染物,去除接头,低质量的序列
1 用HISAT将样本的read比对到参考基因组
2 比对结果传送到stringtie进行转录本拼接
3 用stingtie的merge功能将拼接后的转录本进行融合
(Cufflinks的cuffmerge功能能代替atingtie的merge功能)
4 融合后的转录本回送到stingtie,重新计算转录本的丰度
stringtie:gffcompre确定拼接的转录本多少匹配到已经注释的gene,多少是完全新的
5 stingtie提供转录本的read数量
stringtie传送三类数据至ballgown
(i)phenotype data—information about the samples being collected;
(ii)expression data—normalized and un-normalized measures of the amount of eachexon, junction, transcript and gene expressed in each sample;
(iii)genomic information— coordinates giving the location of the exons, introns,transcripts and genes, as well as annotation including information such as gene names.
A 表型数据:收集的样本信息
B 表达数据:标准化或未标准化的内显子,junction,转录本,gene的表达信息
C gene组信息:内外显子转录本等的位置信息,或者gene名称等
6 ballgown根据不同实验条件计算差异表达gene
ballgown分析流程:
A loading the data into R.
载入由stingtie产生的丰度数据和描述样本的表型信息数据到R
划重点:确保gene组样本的id与表型数据的id一致
B inspectthe distribution of abundance estimates for the transcripts.
检查转录本丰度估计的分布
划重点:丰度估计由FPKM表示,每1百万个map上的reads中map到外显子的每1K个碱基上的reads个数
ballgown的stattest功能:直接标记任何已知的干扰因子
C The result is a table with information on thefeature tested for differential expression
差异表达的特征检验
具体的软件安装与执行代码,文章中有具体列出,这里就不累述。详细请阅读文章。
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