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LeetCode #991 Broken Calculator

LeetCode #991 Broken Calculator

作者: air_melt | 来源:发表于2022-01-16 21:41 被阅读0次

991 Broken Calculator 坏了的计算器

Description:
There is a broken calculator that has the integer startValue on its display initially. In one operation, you can:

multiply the number on display by 2, or
subtract 1 from the number on display.
Given two integers startValue and target, return the minimum number of operations needed to display target on the calculator.

Example:

Example 1:

Input: startValue = 2, target = 3
Output: 2
Explanation: Use double operation and then decrement operation {2 -> 4 -> 3}.

Example 2:

Input: startValue = 5, target = 8
Output: 2
Explanation: Use decrement and then double {5 -> 4 -> 8}.

Example 3:

Input: startValue = 3, target = 10
Output: 3
Explanation: Use double, decrement and double {3 -> 6 -> 5 -> 10}.

Constraints:

1 <= x, y <= 10^9

题目描述:
在显示着数字的坏计算器上,我们可以执行以下两种操作:

双倍(Double):将显示屏上的数字乘 2;
递减(Decrement):将显示屏上的数字减 1 。
最初,计算器显示数字 X。

返回显示数字 Y 所需的最小操作数。

示例 :

示例 1:

输入:X = 2, Y = 3
输出:2
解释:先进行双倍运算,然后再进行递减运算 {2 -> 4 -> 3}.

示例 2:

输入:X = 5, Y = 8
输出:2
解释:先递减,再双倍 {5 -> 4 -> 8}.

示例 3:

输入:X = 3, Y = 10
输出:3
解释:先双倍,然后递减,再双倍 {3 -> 6 -> 5 -> 10}.

示例 4:

输入:X = 1024, Y = 1
输出:1023
解释:执行递减运算 1023 次

提示:

1 <= X <= 10^9
1 <= Y <= 10^9

思路:

模拟
用 target 模拟到 startValue 这个过程
如果 target <= startValue, 只能逐个递增
如果 target 是偶数, 直接减半, 因为乘法肯定比减法更快
否则 target ➕ 1
时间复杂度为 O(lgn), 空间复杂度为 O(1)

代码:
C++:

class Solution 
{
public:
    int brokenCalc(int startValue, int target) 
    {
        return startValue >= target ? startValue - target : (!(target & 1) ? brokenCalc(startValue, target >> 1) + 1 : brokenCalc(startValue, target + 1) + 1);
    }
};

Java:

class Solution {
    public int brokenCalc(int startValue, int target) {
        int result = 0;
        while (target > startValue) {
            if ((target & 1) == 0) target >>>= 1;
            else ++target;
            ++result;
        }
        return result + startValue - target;
    }
}

Python:

class Solution:
    def brokenCalc(self, startValue: int, target: int) -> int:
        return startValue - target if startValue >= target else self.brokenCalc(startValue, target >> 1) + 1 if not target & 1 else self.brokenCalc(startValue, target + 1) + 1

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