Django Admin中增加导出CSV功能

参考: https://books.agiliq.com/projects/django-admin-cookbook/en/latest/export.html

在使用Django Admin时, 对于列表我们有时需要提供数据导出功能, 如下图:

在Django Admin中每个模型的Admin类(继承至admin.ModelAdmin), 我们可以通过actions增加支持的动作, 值为当前类存在的方法名, 例如:

.......
@admin.register(Issue)
class IssueAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    ......
    actions = ['export_as_csv']  # 增加动作, 对应相应的方法名
    def export_as_csv(self, request, queryset):  # 具体的导出csv方法的实现
        pass
    
    export_as_csv.short_description = '导出CSV'  # 该动作在admin中的显示文字

导出CSV方法详细实现如下:

    def export_as_csv(self, request, queryset):
        meta = self.model._meta  # 用于确定导出的文件名, 格式为: app名.模型类名
        field_names = [field.name for field in meta.fields]  # 所有属性名

        response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')   # 指定响应内容类型
        response['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment; filename={meta}.csv'
        response.charset = 'utf-8-sig'  # 可选, 修改编码为带BOM的utf-8格式(Excel打开不会有乱码)
        writer = csv.writer(response)
        writer.writerow(field_names)  # 将属性名写入csv
        for obj in queryset:  # 遍历要导出的对象列表
            row = writer.writerow([getattr(obj, field) for field in field_names])  # 将当前对象的各属性值写入csv
        return response

由于导出CSV动作可以作为各个模型的通用动作, 我们可以封装成一个Mixin类使用, 完整代码如下:

import csv
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import  Issue

class ExportCsvMixin(object):
    def export_as_csv(self, request, queryset):
        meta = self.model._meta
        field_names = [field.name for field in meta.fields]

        response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')
        response['Content-Disposition'] = f'attachment; filename={meta}.csv'
        response.charset = 'utf-8-sig'
        writer = csv.writer(response)
        writer.writerow(field_names)
        for obj in queryset:
            row = writer.writerow([getattr(obj, field) for field in field_names])

        return response

    export_as_csv.short_description = '导出CSV'

@admin.register(Issue)
class IssueAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin, ExportCsvMixin):
    fields = ('key', 'summary', 'status', 'project',
              'origin', 'components', 'prj_level', 'prj_category',
              'assignee', 'origin_person', 'pm', 'dev_manager', 'test_manager', 'tester', 'fe_dev', 'backend_dev',
              'plan_begin', 'plan_end', 'fe_plan_begin', 'fe_plan_end', 'test_plan_begin',
              'test_plan_end', 'backend_plan_begin', 'backend_plan_end',
              'created', 'reopen', 'prd_begin', 'prd_end', 'dev_begin', 'dev_end',
              'test_begin', 'test_end', 'pm_check', 'ready', 'pause', 'done',
              'pm_take', 'dev_take', 'test_take', 'total_take',
              'tags',
              )
    readonly_fields = fields
    list_display = ('key', 'summary', 'status', 'origin', 'components', 'created', 'visit')
    list_filter = ('origin', 'components', 'status', 'tags')
    search_fields = ('key', 'summary')
    date_hierarchy = 'created'
    actions = ['export_as_csv']