permanent + crisis =《柯林斯英语词典》2022年度词汇
导读
2022 年已经接近尾声，如果用一个词来形容你的 2022，你会怎样总结你的这一年？我们熟悉的很多和语言文字相关的机构，都会推出年度词汇（Word of the Year）。剑桥就刚刚公布了它选出的 2022 年度词汇——“homer”，意思是“本垒打”，之所以入选，也是因为 homer 作为答案出现在了今年爆火的猜词游戏 Wordle 中，挫败了不少本来连胜的用户。《柯林斯英语词典》近日也公布了它的 2022 年度词汇，和剑桥年度词汇风格完全不同，这个词究竟是什么呢？它又有什么内涵意义呢？让我们跟着 Ronan 老师一起走进今天的文章吧！
带着问题听讲解
《柯林斯英语词典》2022 年度词汇是什么？
该词能够当选的原因是什么？
根据文章，一般词典中的新词汇是如何产生的？
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正文
"Collins English Dictionary" reveals its 2022 word of the year
《柯林斯英语词典》公布 2022 年度词汇
As nations across the globe face a plethora of ongoing crises, the Collins English Dictionary Tuesday revealed its 2022 word of the year to be "permacrisis," a term to describe such events.
当前，世界各国都面临着过多的持续性危机，在此背景下，周二，《柯林斯英语词典》公布其 2022 年的年度词汇为 permacrisis（长期危机），用以描述这类情形。
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"Permacrisis" is a noun defined by the U.K.-based publisher HarperCollins as "an extended period of instability and insecurity, especially one resulting from a series of catastrophic events."
根据哈珀柯林斯英国出版公司的定义，名词 permacrisis（长期危机）指“长期的不稳定与不安全，尤指由一系列灾难性事件导致的。”
A blog post on the Collins Dictionary website by writer David Shariatmadari noted that the term rings true because of the war in Ukraine, climate change challenges, political instability and the surge in inflation.
作家 David Shariatmadari 在柯林斯词典官网发布的一则帖文中指出，乌克兰战争、气候变化挑战、政治不稳定以及通货膨胀率的激增，这些问题让 permacrisis（长期危机）这个术语显得真实可信。
According to Shariatmadari, the term embodies the "dizzying sense of lurching from one unprecedented event to another," as people wonder what new "horrors" might be around the corner.
Shariatmadari 表示，当人们在想接下来可能会发生什么新的可怕的事情时，permacrisis（长期危机）描述了“由前所未有的大事件接二连三地发生、所带来的一种眩晕感”。
Other popular words and terms chosen by the publication this year included Kyiv, Partygate, splooting, vibe shift and quiet quitting. Last year, the publication picked "NFT" — an abbreviation for non-fungible token — as its word of 2021 because of how the digital revolution continues to rapidly grow and influence our culture, relationships and the way business is done.
今年，该词典选出的其他热门词汇及术语还有 Kyiv（基辅）、Partygate（派对门）、splooting（狗狗趴）、vibe shift（氛围转变）以及 quiet quitting（职场躺平）等。去年，《柯林斯英语词典》选择了 NFT（“非同质化代币”的缩写）为其 2021 年年度词汇，因为数字革命持续快速发展，同时不断影响我们的文化、相互关系和商业运作方式。
Many new words can be drawn from popular culture, crises and society. In September, Merriam-Webster added 370 new words and phrases to its dictionary, some which, like "shrinkflation," also reflect the current economic climate.
许多新词都是从我们的流行文化、所经历的危机以及社会生活中提取出来的。今年九月，梅里亚姆-韦伯斯特公司在其出版的“韦氏词典”中新增了 370 个词汇及短语，其中，shrinkflation（缩水式通胀）等一些词也反映了当前的经济形势。
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, terms heard almost exclusively in the medical field became commonly used by the public: including subvariant, booster dose, and emergency use authorization, which are all new dictionary entries.
在新冠肺炎疫情的影响下，以前几乎只在医学领域才会听到的术语开始被公众广泛提及，比如“亚型变异毒株”“疫苗加强针”和“紧急使用授权”，这些都是词典中收录的新词条。
主编：思瑶、Sybil
品控：思瑶、蘑菇
审核：Sybil
重点词汇
reveal
/rɪˈviːl/
v. 公布；透露，泄露，揭露
搭配短语：to reveal one's whereabouts
例句：Prince Charles had accidentally revealed his unfaithfulness to Princess Diana during an documentary.
plethora
/ˈpleθ.ɚ.ə/
n. 过多，过剩
搭配短语：a plethora of（一大堆，大量（强调过量））
例句：The article contained a plethora of information.
permacrisis
/ˈpɜːməˌkraɪsɪs/
n. 长期危机，永久危机（长期的不稳定与不安全）
英文释义：an extended period of instability and insecurity, especially one resulting from a series of catastrophic events
相关词汇：crisis（n. 危机）
词根词缀：perma-（表示“永远的（地），永久的（地）”）
英文释义：permanent or permanently
相关词汇：permafrost（n. 永久冻土层）
extended
/ɪkˈsten.dɪd/
adj. 长期的；延长的，延期的
相关词汇：extend（v. 延伸，扩展；延续，延长）
例句：The desert extends for miles.
例句：The bar has recently extended its opening hours.
例句：If you are going abroad for an extended period of time, you should consider renting your house out.
catastrophic
/ˌkæt̬.əˈstrɑː.fɪk/
adj. 灾难性的，引起重大灾祸的
相关词汇：catastrophe（n. 大灾难，大灾祸）
近义词：disaster
近义词：calamity
例句：The marriage proved to be the greatest calamity of her life.
词义辨析：disaster；calamity；catastrophe
disaster、calamity 和 catastrophe 都有“灾难，灾祸”的意思。其中，disaster 是最为常规的一个，其描述的破坏程度比 catastrophe 要弱。calamity 较为正式，且更多地强调人的灾难与不幸（personal misfortune），其描述的破坏程度介于 disaster 和 catastrophe 之间。catastrophe 则指“大灾难，大灾祸”，强调灾难突如其来且影响程度很深。
例句：A catastrophic hurricane made landfall on US soil.
近义词：disastrous（adj. 灾难性的，极糟糕的）
近义词：calamitous（adj. 灾难性的，严重的）
ring true
看上去是真的、可信的
英文释义：to seem true
例句：Something about his explanation didn't quite ring true.
反义词：to ring false（看似不可信）
embody
/ɪmˈbɑː.di/
v. 代表，体现
近义词：represent
例句：She embodied good sportsmanship on the playing field.
dizzying
/ˈdɪz.i.ɪŋ/
adj. 使人感到晕眩的
相关词汇：dizzy（adj. 感到晕眩的；令人晕眩的）
例句：The suffocating heat made me feel dizzy.（感到晕眩的）
例句：The airplane climbed to a dizzy height.（令人晕眩的）
英文释义：to make somebody feel dizzy
lurch
/lɝːtʃ/
v.（在不同的行动、态度之间）左冲右撞；颠簸行驶，蹒跚行进
英文释义：If you say that a person or organization lurches from one thing to another, you mean they move suddenly from one course of action or attitude to another in an uncontrolled way.
例句：The bus lurched forward and some of the people standing fell over.
例句：The man lurched drunkenly out of the bar.
例句：The government lurched from one budget crisis to another.
(just) around the corner
（时间上）临近，即将发生；（距离上）很近，在附近
英文释义：very near
例句：My company is just around the corner.
例句：I'm sure good times are just around the corner.
Kyiv
/ˈkiːɪf/
n. 基辅（乌克兰首都）
Partygate
/ˈpɑːtɪˌɡeɪt/
n. 派对门
英文释义：a political scandal over social gatherings held in British government offices during 2020 and 2021 in defiance of the public-health restrictions that prevailed at the time
splooting
/ˈspluːtɪŋ/
n. 平趴的姿势
英文释义：the act of lying flat on the stomach with the legs stretched out
例句：We all could be forgiven for just wanting to join our furry friends in splooting until all of these problems have gone away.
vibe shift
/ˈvaɪb ˌʃɪft/
n. 氛围转变（尤指主流文化氛围或趋势的重大改变）
英文释义： a significant change in a prevailing cultural atmosphere or trend
搭配短语：a vibe shift moment
quiet quitting
/ˌkwaɪət ˈkwɪtɪŋ/
n. 职场躺平
英文释义：the practice of doing no more work than one is contractually obliged to do, especially in order to spend more time on personal activities
draw
/drɑː/
v. 提取，汲取；画画
例句：She drew her design inspiration from her childhood experiences.
shrinkflation
/ʃrɪŋkˈfleɪ.ʃən/
n. 缩水式通胀
相关词汇：shrink（v. 缩水）
相关词汇：inflation（n. 通货膨胀）
英文释义：the practice of reducing a product's amount or volume per unit while continuing to offer it at the same price
文化补充：缩水式通胀为一个经济学术语，指单件商品价格不变，但量却减少的现象。
exclusively
/ɪkˈskluː.sɪv.li/
adv. 专门地，单独地，仅仅
相关词汇：exclude（v. 把……排除在外）
派生词：exclusive（adj. 排他的，排斥的；专有的，独享的）
搭配短语：VIP exclusive services（VIP 专享服务）
搭配短语：an exclusive report / coverage（独家报道）
entry
/ˈen.tri/
n.（词典的）条目，词条；（账簿的）账目
英文释义：an item that is written or printed in a dictionary, an account book, a diary, etc.
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