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Google Architecture之LiveData、Vie

Google Architecture之LiveData、Vie

作者: Senble | 来源:发表于2019-01-01 23:54 被阅读13次

    一、我们想象中的生命周期感应应该是怎样的?

    1、设想

    监听过程如果让我们开始自己去实现一个简单的生命周期感应框架,刚开始很可能是这样的。


    first_glance.png

    自己实现一个Data<T>,里面有一个集合,保存所有的Observer。同时BaseActivity包含一个Data的集合,当生命周期变化的时候去动态注销UI和Data的订阅关系。

    2、google的实现

    google_implement.png
    google把生命周期处理逻辑抽离到一个单独的LifecycleRegistry中,并将数据的逻辑放在LiveData中,职责更加清晰明了。
    在多线程处理,LiveData状态的保持,以及事件的变化传递控制更加细致具体。

    二、Observer监听过程以及生命周期感应

    1、监听过程

    (1·1)LiveData.observe()

    • 将Observer对象添加到LiveData中(后续Data变化,声明周期变化通知Observer)
        //LiveData::observe()
        public void observe(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner, @NonNull Observer<T> observer) {
            if (owner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState() == DESTROYED) {
                // ignore
                return;
            }
            //(装饰者模式)封装成一个能一个能接收并处理生命周期事件的LifecycleBoundObserver类,
            //LifecycleBoundObserver会当FragmentActivity/Fragment的onDestroy()调用之后将所有的监听关系移除掉
            //LifecycleBoundObserver wrapper = new LifecycleBoundObserver(owner, observer);
            //将observer作为key添加到Map中(注意:同一个liveData能被多个observer监听)
            //注意防止重复监听导致逻辑可能出错,例如重复执行网络请求的时候很容易多次发生多次监听
            ObserverWrapper existing = mObservers.putIfAbsent(observer, wrapper);
            //同一个Observer对象不能绑定多个不同拥有生命周期的对象
            if (existing != null && !existing.isAttachedTo(owner)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot add the same observer"
                        + " with different lifecycles");
            }
            if (existing != null) {
                return;
            }
            //参见2
            owner.getLifecycle().addObserver(wrapper);
        }
    

    LifecycleBoundObserver类

    class LifecycleBoundObserver extends ObserverWrapper implements GenericLifecycleObserver {
            @NonNull final LifecycleOwner mOwner;
    
            LifecycleBoundObserver(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner, Observer<T> observer) {
                super(observer);
                mOwner = owner;
            }
    
            @Override
            boolean shouldBeActive() {
                return mOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState().isAtLeast(STARTED);
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event) {
                if (mOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState() == DESTROYED) {
                    removeObserver(mObserver);
                    return;
                }
                activeStateChanged(shouldBeActive());
            }
    
            @Override
            boolean isAttachedTo(LifecycleOwner owner) {
                return mOwner == owner;
            }
    
            @Override
            void detachObserver() {
                mOwner.getLifecycle().removeObserver(this);
            }
        }
    

    (1·2)owner.getLifecycle().addObserver(wrapper);

    • 将Observer对象添加到Lifecycle中(Lifecycle能接收FragmentActivity/Fragment生命周期变化)
        @Override
        public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {
            State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED;
            ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState);
            //将Observer添加到mObserverMap中,此处被封装成一个ObserverWithState类(具有状态属性)
            ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver);
            
            if (previous != null) {
                return;
            }
            //省略observer与LifecycleRegistry状态同步逻辑(后面有分析).....
        }
    

    ObserverWithState类

        //
        //ObserverWithState::dispatchEvent()
        //接收生命周期事件,并进行状态的变更,同时将事件传递给GenericLifecycleObserver处理
        //(其实也就是上面第一步的LifecycleBoundObserver),方便进行监听关系的注销
        void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
                //计算接收Event事件之后应该处于哪种状态
                State newState = getStateAfter(event);
                mState = min(mState, newState);//此句多余
                mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
                //更新并记录新状态
                mState = newState;
            }
    

    2、生命周期的感应

    (2·1)生命周期的捕获

    记得在步骤(1·1)中需要传入一个实现了LifecycleOwner接口的对象。而我们一般传入的是FragmentActivity/Fragment,此时我们直接点开FragmentActivity源码之后一层层剥掉其外壳,将会发现它的父类SupportActivity其实实现了LifecycleOwner接口,并且会通过接口的getLifecycle()方法返回一个Lifecycle的子类(也就是LifecycleRegstry)。

    SupportActivity这个类代码并不多,大致看一下就能明白其意思

    重点: 你会发现这行代码

    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            //在FragmentActivity上面添加一个无界面的Fragment(利用Fragment生命周期和Activity/Fragment绑定在一起的特点,
            //实现hook到Activity/Fragment的生命周期事件,将其整合到一起处理,达到低耦合高内聚的目的)。有兴趣的可以去分
            //析glide的动态取消加载图片请求逻辑,甚至可以自己开发一个动态取消网络请求的网络库开源项目。
            ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
        }
    

    在ReportFragment的各个生命周期回调方法中会调用dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event)方法,将生命周期事件传递给前面提到过的Lifecycle的子类(也就是LifecycleRegstry)。

    private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {
            Activity activity = getActivity();
            //LifecycleRegistryOwner目前已标记弃用,可不管
            if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
                ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
                return;
            }
            
            if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
                Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
                if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
                    //将事件传递给LifecycleRegstry对象
                    ((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
                }
            }
        }
    

    分析到这里我们大致总结一下:(同时可以加入一些猜想和自己的理解)

    现在FragmentActivity/Fragment的生命周期事件会通过ReportFragment传递给LifecycleRegistry。
    然后我们大胆猜想下,在LifecycleRegistry在处理事件的时候是否当收到on_destroy事件的时候就通过前面步骤(1·2)中的ObserverWithState类通知Observer,然后进行Observer的监听注销呢?

    带着疑问和猜想,我们继续去分析LifecycleRegistry中的逻辑。

    (2·2)LifecycleRegistry生命周期事件的处理以及状态变化

    在讲这部分逻辑之前,需要将里面涉及到的几个重要的状态变化方法逻辑图理一遍。

    其实这部分状态机的变化图你也可以不用花这么大精力去理解,因为我们真正关心的只有on_destroy事件,只有收到它我们才会去注销监听关系。所以本部分逻辑你可以不需要深入理解。

    public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
            //接收生命周期事件,计算得出应该处于什么状态,参照逻辑图理解
            State next = getStateAfter(event);
            moveToState(next);
        }
    
    private void moveToState(State next) {
            if (mState == next) {
                return;
            }
            //保存接收事件后的状态
            mState = next;
            if (mHandlingEvent || mAddingObserverCounter != 0) {
                mNewEventOccurred = true;
                // we will figure out what to do on upper level.
                return;
            }
            //根据当前的状态mState,去更新Map中Observer的状态
            //mHandlingEvent在addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer)方法会用到
            //用来判断协同是否有正在进行相同的sync逻辑,避免重复执行
            mHandlingEvent = true;
            //根据当前的状态mState,去更新Map中Observer的状态
            sync();
            mHandlingEvent = false;
        }
    

    moveToState() -----> sync()

    //同步所有的Observer与LifecycleResitry的状态(也就是Activity/Fragment的状态)
    private void sync() {
            LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
            if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
                Log.w(LOG_TAG, "LifecycleOwner is garbage collected, you shouldn't try dispatch "
                        + "new events from it.");
                return;
            }
            //isSynced()会判断当前map中头尾的Observer状态与LifecycleRegistry中mState一致
            //不一致表示在sync同步状态过程中有新的Observer加入map中了
            while (!isSynced()) {
                mNewEventOccurred = false;
                //Activity/Fragment状态从被销毁或启动其它界面时,与其绑定的Observer状态的同步
                if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {
                    backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
                }
                //Activity/Fragment启动时,与其绑定的Observer状态的同步
                Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest();
                if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null
                        && mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {
                    forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
                }
            }
            mNewEventOccurred = false;
        }
    

    moveToState() -----> backwardPass()
    或者
    moveToState() -----> forwardPass()

        //Activity/Fragment启动时,与其绑定的Observer状态的同步
        //注意: 多个Observer监听同一个LiveData,并且Observer 中有相同的逻辑处理,
        //最终的处理结果以最后添加的Observer中的逻辑为准。
        private void forwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
            //mObserverMap从Start到End进行遍历(最早添加-->最近添加,越早越靠前)。
            //这里的ascendingIterator就是上面现象的原因,具体翻阅源码分析下
            Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> ascendingIterator =
                    mObserverMap.iteratorWithAdditions();
            while (ascendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
                Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = ascendingIterator.next();
                ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
                while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) < 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
                        && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
                    pushParentState(observer.mState);
                    //while state in observer.mState到mState,逐次计算出触发状态变化的事件,传递给
                    //ObserverWithState处理
                    observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(observer.mState));
                    popParentState();
                }
            }
        }
    
        //Activity/Fragment状态从被销毁或启动其它界面时,与其绑定的Observer状态的同步
        private void backwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
            Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> descendingIterator =
                    mObserverMap.descendingIterator();
            while (descendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
                Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = descendingIterator.next();
                ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
                while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) > 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
                        && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
                    Event event = downEvent(observer.mState);
                    pushParentState(getStateAfter(event));
                    //将生命周期shijian传递给ObserverWithState
                    observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, event);
                    popParentState();
                }
            }
        }
    

    ObserverWithState

    ObserverWithState是LifecycleRegistry的内部类

    static class ObserverWithState {
            State mState;
            GenericLifecycleObserver mLifecycleObserver;
    
            ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {
                mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer);
                mState = initialState;
            }
    
            void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
                State newState = getStateAfter(event);
                mState = min(mState, newState);
                //改变ObserverWithState状态,同时将生命周期Event传递给LifecycleBoundObserver
                mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
                mState = newState;
            }
        }
    

    LifecycleBoundObserver

    LifecycleBoundObserver是LiveData的内部类

    class LifecycleBoundObserver extends ObserverWrapper implements GenericLifecycleObserver {
            @NonNull final LifecycleOwner mOwner;
    
            LifecycleBoundObserver(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner, Observer<T> observer) {
                super(observer);
                mOwner = owner;
            }
    
            //状态为Started或Resumed才处于激活状态
            @Override
            boolean shouldBeActive() {
                return mOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState().isAtLeast(STARTED);
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event) {
                //注意:如果Observer绑定的Activity/Fragment处于DESTROYED(onDestroy方法调用之后)状态,就将所有的观察订阅关系注销
                if (mOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState() == DESTROYED) {
                    removeObserver(mObserver);
                    return;
                }
                activeStateChanged(shouldBeActive());
            }
    
            @Override
            boolean isAttachedTo(LifecycleOwner owner) {
                return mOwner == owner;
            }
    
            @Override
            void detachObserver() {
                mOwner.getLifecycle().removeObserver(this);
            }
        }
    

    LiveData:

        @MainThread
        public void removeObserver(@NonNull final Observer<T> observer) {
            assertMainThread("removeObserver");
            //移除LiveData中的Observer
            ObserverWrapper removed = mObservers.remove(observer);
            if (removed == null) {
                return;
            }
            //调用LifecycleBoundObserver的detachObserver()方法
            //也就是移除LifecycleRegistry中的Observer引用
            removed.detachObserver();
            //更改observer的状态
            removed.activeStateChanged(false);
        }
    

    (2·3)关键方法状态变化逻辑图

    回顾下Activity的生命周期:

    activity_lifecycle.png

    LifecycleRegistry的状态转换图:

    google_lifecycle.png

    LifecycleRegistry的状态转换关键控制方法:

    key_function.png

    3、Observer状态与Registry的同步

    LifecycleRegistry的方法sync()只在两个地方调用到了:

    1. LifecycleRegistry::addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer)
    2. LifecycleRegistry::moveToState(State next)
    @Override
        public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {
            
            ......
            
            boolean isReentrance = mAddingObserverCounter != 0 || mHandlingEvent;
            State targetState = calculateTargetState(observer);
            mAddingObserverCounter++;
            while ((statefulObserver.mState.compareTo(targetState) < 0
                    && mObserverMap.contains(observer))) {
                pushParentState(statefulObserver.mState);
                statefulObserver.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(statefulObserver.mState));
                popParentState();
                // mState / subling may have been changed recalculate
                targetState = calculateTargetState(observer);
            }
    
            if (!isReentrance) {
                // we do sync only on the top level.
                sync();
            }
            mAddingObserverCounter--;
        }
    
    private void moveToState(State next) {
            
            ......
            
            //根据当前的状态mState,去更新Map中Observer的状态
            //mHandlingEvent在addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer)方法会用到
            //用来判断协同是否有正在进行相同的sync逻辑,避免重复执行
            mHandlingEvent = true;
            //根据当前的状态mState,去更新Map中Observer的状态
            sync();
            mHandlingEvent = false;
        }
    

    因为涉及到多线程操作(如addObserver可能在其他线程执行)。这里的总体逻辑就是如果当前只要有一个地方在执行sync操作,另一个都无须再次执行sync方法进行同步。
    这和sync方法的逻辑有关

    while(!isSynced()){
        ...
    }
    

    isSynced方法就是判断当前LifecycleRegistry状态mState是否和Map中的首位的Observer状态是否一致(因为每次添加新的Observer都会触发sync,所以每次只要判断首尾Observer就行)。

    意思就是只要首尾不一致,就肯定不同步。
    首尾一致,因为同步是遍历的,那么肯定同步。

    private boolean isSynced() {
            if (mObserverMap.size() == 0) {
                return true;
            }
            State eldestObserverState = mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState;
            State newestObserverState = mObserverMap.newest().getValue().mState;
            return eldestObserverState == newestObserverState && mState == newestObserverState;
        }
    

    4、ViewModel的生命周期管理

    这部分相对简单很多。逻辑主要在FragmentActivity的以下三个方法中

    1. onCreate()
    2. onRetainNonConfigurationInstance()
    3. onDestroy()
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ...
        // 恢复mViewModelStore
        FragmentActivity.NonConfigurationInstances nc = (FragmentActivity.NonConfigurationInstances)this.getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
        if (nc != null && nc.viewModelStore != null && this.mViewModelStore == null) {
            this.mViewModelStore = nc.viewModelStore;
        }
            
        ...
    }
    
    protected void onDestroy() {
            super.onDestroy();
            //Configurations发生变化而引起的onDestroy不会销毁ViewModel
            if (this.mViewModelStore != null && !this.isChangingConfigurations()) {
                this.mViewModelStore.clear();
            }
    
            this.mFragments.dispatchDestroy();
        }
    
    //mViewModelStore的持久化
    public final Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
            Object custom = this.onRetainCustomNonConfigurationInstance();
            FragmentManagerNonConfig fragments = this.mFragments.retainNestedNonConfig();
            if (fragments == null && this.mViewModelStore == null && custom == null) {
                return null;
            } else {
                FragmentActivity.NonConfigurationInstances nci = new FragmentActivity.NonConfigurationInstances();
                nci.custom = custom;
                nci.viewModelStore = this.mViewModelStore;
                nci.fragments = fragments;
                return nci;
            }
        }
    

    5、总结

    1. 不同Observe监听相同LiveData,生命周期没控制好,导致崩溃
    2. 多个不同Observer监听同一个LiveData,并且Observer 中有相同的逻辑处理,最终的处理结果以最后添加的Observer中的逻辑为准。
    3. 默认的Observer的只会在Activity或Fragment处于onStarted/onResumed状态下才会接收到LiveData的数据;或者重新处于onStarted/onResumed时。

    6、思考

    1. 如何在不同的Activity之间共享ViewModel?
      答:自己去实现一个ViewModelStore,自己控制它的生命周期。
    2. ViewModel是否帮我们做了数据持久化?
      答:ViewModel没做数据的持久化,只是内存变量的复用。
    3. 怎样让observer处于onCreated状态也能处理数据?
      答:目前并没有提供对应API去自定义Observer的逻辑触发时机。

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