注意事项
- 视频地址必须同源或者是支持跨域访问。
- 设置视频播放时间后,再监听canplay事件。
- 寻找合适帧需要加载时间。
实现步骤
一、获取视频基本信息(分辨率、时长)
// 获取视频基本信息
function getVideoBasicInfo(videoSrc) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const video = document.createElement('video')
video.src = videoSrc
// 视频一定要添加预加载
video.preload = 'auto'
// 视频一定要同源或者必须允许跨域
video.crossOrigin = 'Anonymous'
// 监听:异常
video.addEventListener('error', error => {
reject(error)
})
// 监听:加载完成基本信息,设置要播放的时常
video.addEventListener('loadedmetadata', () => {
const videoInfo = {
video,
width: video.videoWidth,
height: video.videoHeight,
duration: video.duration
}
resolve(videoInfo)
})
})
}
二、将视频绘入canvas用以生成图片地址
这里需要等待视频canplay
事件后,再截取,否则会黑屏
// 获取视频当前帧图像信息与饱和度
function getVideoPosterInfo(videoInfo) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
const { video, width, height } = videoInfo
video.addEventListener('canplay', () => {
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas')
canvas.width = width
canvas.height = height
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
// 将视频对象直接绘入canvas
ctx.drawImage(video, 0, 0, width, height)
// 获取图像的整体平均饱和度
const saturation = getImageSaturation(canvas)
const posterUrl = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpg')
resolve({ posterUrl, saturation })
})
})
}
三、“合适的帧”
这里我们产品提出需要以颜色稍微“靓丽”,经过苦思冥想,何为“靓丽”,众里寻她千百度,终于寻到“饱和度”
饱和度:色彩的饱和度(saturation)指色彩的鲜艳程度,也称作纯度。
- 将绘制好的
canvas
,通过getImageData
获取到其像素数据。 - 将像素数据整理好成
rgba
形式的数据。 - 将
rgb
数据转换成hsl
数据 - 提取
hsl
数据的s
,即饱和度数据,求整体平均值
1、获取canvas像素数据
这里我们通过调用getImageData
这个API
,获取像素数据,也就是一整个画布的每个像素点的颜色。他返回的是一个Uint8ClampedArray
(8位无符号整型固定数组),我们可以将其理解成为一个类数组,其每0、1、2、3位数据刚好可以对应rgba
,即Uint8ClampedArray[0]
可以对应上RGBA
的R
,以此类推,刚好可以获取整个画布的像素颜色情况。
// 获取一个图片的平均饱和度
function getImageSaturation(canvas) {
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
const uint8ClampedArray = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height).data
// ....
}
2、将Uint8ClampedArray整理成rgba形式
这里我们通过遍历,根据下标整理数据,转换成rgba形式,方便后续操作
// 封装,将无符号整形数组转换成rgba数组
function binary2rgba(uint8ClampedArray) {
const rgbaList = []
for (let i = 0; i < uint8ClampedArray.length; i++) {
if (i % 4 === 0) {
rgbaList.push({ r: uint8ClampedArray[i] })
continue
}
const currentRgba = rgbaList[rgbaList.length - 1]
if (i % 4 === 1) {
currentRgba.g = uint8ClampedArray[i]
continue
}
if (i % 4 === 2) {
currentRgba.b = uint8ClampedArray[i]
continue
}
if (i % 4 === 3) {
currentRgba.a = uint8ClampedArray[i]
continue
}
}
return rgbaList
}
// 获取一个图片的平均饱和度
function getImageSaturation(canvas) {
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
const uint8ClampedArray = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height).data
const rgbaList = binary2rgba(uint8ClampedArray)
// ....
}
3、将RGB转换成HSL,并求平均值
HSL即色相、饱和度、亮度(英语:Hue, Saturation, Lightness)。色相(H)是色彩的基本属性,就是平常所说的颜色名称,如红色、黄色等。饱和度(S)是指色彩的纯度,越高色彩越纯,低则逐渐变灰,取0-100%的数值。明度(V),亮度(L),取0-100%。
// 将rgb转换成hsl
function rgb2hsl(r, g, b) {
r = r / 255;
g = g / 255;
b = b / 255;
var min = Math.min(r, g, b);
var max = Math.max(r, g, b);
var l = (min + max) / 2;
var difference = max - min;
var h, s, l;
if (max == min) {
h = 0;
s = 0;
} else {
s = l > 0.5 ? difference / (2.0 - max - min) : difference / (max + min);
switch (max) {
case r: h = (g - b) / difference + (g < b ? 6 : 0); break;
case g: h = 2.0 + (b - r) / difference; break;
case b: h = 4.0 + (r - g) / difference; break;
}
h = Math.round(h * 60);
}
s = Math.round(s * 100);//转换成百分比的形式
l = Math.round(l * 100);
return { h, s, l };
}
// 获取一个图片的平均饱和度
function getImageSaturation(canvas) {
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
const uint8ClampedArray = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height).data
const rgbaList = binary2rgba(uint8ClampedArray)
const hslList = rgbaList.map(item => {
return rgb2hsl(item.r, item.g, item.b)
})
// 求平均值
const avarageSaturation = hslList.reduce((total, curr) => total + curr.s, 0) / hslList.length
return avarageSaturation
}
四、传入视频地址与第N秒,获取第N秒的图片地址与饱和度
// 根据视频地址与播放时长获取图片信息与图片平均饱和度
function getVideoPosterByFrame(videoSrc, targetTime) {
return getVideoBasicInfo(videoSrc).then(videoInfo => {
const { video, duration } = videoInfo
video.currentTime = targetTime
return getVideoPosterInfo(videoInfo)
})
}
五、传入视频地址与指定饱和度品质,截取指定饱和度的视频作为封面
async function getBestPoster(videoSrc, targetSaturation) {
const videoInfo = await getVideoBasicInfo(videoSrc)
const { duration } = videoInfo
for (let i = 0; i <= duration; i++) {
const posterInfo = await getVideoPosterByFrame(videoSrc, i)
const { posterUrl, saturation } = posterInfo
if (saturation >= targetSaturation) {
return posterUrl
}
}
}
整体代码与测试
// 获取视频基本信息
function getVideoBasicInfo(videoSrc) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const video = document.createElement('video')
video.src = videoSrc
// 视频一定要添加预加载
video.preload = 'auto'
// 视频一定要同源或者必须允许跨域
video.crossOrigin = 'Anonymous'
// 监听:异常
video.addEventListener('error', error => {
reject(error)
})
// 监听:加载完成基本信息,设置要播放的时常
video.addEventListener('loadedmetadata', () => {
const videoInfo = {
video,
width: video.videoWidth,
height: video.videoHeight,
duration: video.duration
}
resolve(videoInfo)
})
})
}
// 将获取到的视频信息,转化为图片地址
function getVideoPosterInfo(videoInfo) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
const { video, width, height } = videoInfo
video.addEventListener('canplay', () => {
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas')
canvas.width = width
canvas.height = height
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
ctx.drawImage(video, 0, 0, width, height)
const saturation = getImageSaturation(canvas)
const posterUrl = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpg')
resolve({ posterUrl, saturation })
})
})
}
// 获取一个图片的平均饱和度
function getImageSaturation(canvas) {
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
const uint8ClampedArray = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height).data
console.log(uint8ClampedArray)
const rgbaList = binary2rgba(uint8ClampedArray)
const hslList = rgbaList.map(item => {
return rgb2hsl(item.r, item.g, item.b)
})
const avarageSaturation = hslList.reduce((total, curr) => total + curr.s, 0) / hslList.length
return avarageSaturation
}
function rgb2hsl(r, g, b) {
r = r / 255;
g = g / 255;
b = b / 255;
var min = Math.min(r, g, b);
var max = Math.max(r, g, b);
var l = (min + max) / 2;
var difference = max - min;
var h, s, l;
if (max == min) {
h = 0;
s = 0;
} else {
s = l > 0.5 ? difference / (2.0 - max - min) : difference / (max + min);
switch (max) {
case r: h = (g - b) / difference + (g < b ? 6 : 0); break;
case g: h = 2.0 + (b - r) / difference; break;
case b: h = 4.0 + (r - g) / difference; break;
}
h = Math.round(h * 60);
}
s = Math.round(s * 100);//转换成百分比的形式
l = Math.round(l * 100);
return { h, s, l };
}
function binary2rgba(uint8ClampedArray) {
const rgbaList = []
for (let i = 0; i < uint8ClampedArray.length; i++) {
if (i % 4 === 0) {
rgbaList.push({ r: uint8ClampedArray[i] })
continue
}
const currentRgba = rgbaList[rgbaList.length - 1]
if (i % 4 === 1) {
currentRgba.g = uint8ClampedArray[i]
continue
}
if (i % 4 === 2) {
currentRgba.b = uint8ClampedArray[i]
continue
}
if (i % 4 === 3) {
currentRgba.a = uint8ClampedArray[i]
continue
}
}
return rgbaList
}
// 根据视频地址与播放时长获取图片信息与图片平均饱和度
function getVideoPosterByFrame(videoSrc, targetTime) {
return getVideoBasicInfo(videoSrc).then(videoInfo => {
const { video, duration } = videoInfo
video.currentTime = targetTime
return getVideoPosterInfo(videoInfo)
})
}
async function getBestPoster(videoSrc, targetSaturation) {
const videoInfo = await getVideoBasicInfo(videoSrc)
const { duration } = videoInfo
for (let i = 0; i <= duration; i++) {
const posterInfo = await getVideoPosterByFrame(videoSrc, i)
const { posterUrl, saturation } = posterInfo
// 判断当前饱和度是否大于等于期望的饱和度
if (saturation >= targetSaturation) {
return posterUrl
}
}
}
// 这里通过http-server将视频地址与js进行同源
const videoSrc = 'http://192.168.2.1:8081/trailer.mp4'
// 饱和度品质 0/10/30/50
const targetSaturation = 0
getBestPoster(videoSrc, targetSaturation).then(posterUrl => {
const image = new Image()
image.src = posterUrl
document.body.append(image)
}).catch(error => {
console.log(error)
})
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