之前已经分享了Launhcer的启动过程，接下来分享一下根Activity的启动流程。Activity的启动流程有两种一种是根Activity启动流程;另外一种就是普通的Activity启动流程,也就是我们调用startActivity启动Activity的就是普通Activity的启动;根Activity启动是指用户在Launcher上点击应用图标启动的Activity。
根Activity的启动过程分为Launcher请求AMS（ActivityManagerService）、AMS到ApplicationThread、ActivityThread启动Activity;下面Launcher请求AMS的时序图,首先从Launcher请求AMS开始分析Activity启动流程。
1.Launcher请求AMS
Launcher请求AMS时序图.png
从时序图中可以看到,用户点击Launcher时会调用startActivitySafely的方法。
boolean startActivitySafely(View v, Intent intent, Object tag) {
boolean success = false;
try {
success = startActivity(v, intent, tag);
} catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.activity_not_found, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to launch. tag=" + tag + " intent=" + intent, e);
}
return success;
}
Launcher中的startActivitySafely调用了Activity中的startActivity方法。
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this call for compatibility with
// applications that may have overridden the method.
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}
调用是startActivityForResult中的传入了-1，-1表示Lanucher不需要知道启动结果,startActivityForResult方法代码如下：
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
@Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
// If this start is requesting a result, we can avoid making
// the activity visible until the result is received. Setting
// this code during onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) or onResume() will keep the
// activity hidden during this time, to avoid flickering.
// This can only be done when a result is requested because
// that guarantees we will get information back when the
// activity is finished, no matter what happens to it.
mStartedActivity = true;
}
cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
// TODO Consider clearing/flushing other event sources and events for child windows.
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
// existing applications that may have overridden it.
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
}
在上面可以看到有一个mParent,这个是mParent是Activity的类型,表示当前Activity的父类，因为根Activity还没有创建出来,所以mParent==null成立;接下来就会调用Instrumentation中的exeStartActivity的方法。方法代码如下：
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
..........
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
int result = ActivityManager.getService()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options);
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
return null;
}
在这个方法中就会真正的请求AMS去启动Activity,通过调用ActivityManager.getService.startActivity方法来请求AMS。
2.AMS到ApplicationThread
下面是AMS调用Application的时序图：
AMS到ApplicationThread.png
第一部分中已经分析到了Instrumentation中的exeStartActivity方法就会调用AMS中的startActivity方法，代码如下：
@Override
public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions) {
return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions,
UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
}
从源码中可以看到AMS的startActivity方法中又调用了startActivityAsUser方法，方法代码具体如下：
@Override
public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivity");
userId = mUserController.handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(),
userId, false, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "startActivity", null);
// TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,
resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,
profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, null,
"startActivityAsUser");
}
从上面的两个方法可看到startActivityAsUser比startActivity多一个参数usrId，AMS会根据这个UserId来确定调用者是否有权限。
在startActivityAsUser中又调用了ActivityStarter中的startActivityMayWait方法,ActivityStarter这个类是Android7.0以后新加入的类，Android7.0以前是没有这个类，这个类的主要功能是加载Activity的控制类，它会收集所有逻辑来决定如何将Intent和Flags转换为Activity等功能,如果你对这个类感兴趣可以到系统源码中查看。startActivityMayWait方法如下,由于这个方法的边幅较长,这里只列出我们所有关心的
final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, WaitResult outResult,
Configuration globalConfig, Bundle bOptions, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, int userId,
IActivityContainer iContainer, TaskRecord inTask, String reason) {
int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, ephemeralIntent, resolvedType,
aInfo, rInfo, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid,
callingUid, callingPackage, realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags,
options, ignoreTargetSecurity, componentSpecified, outRecord, container,
inTask, reason);
}
startActivityMayWait方法调用了startActivityLocked方法，方法具体代码如下：
int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, Intent ephemeralIntent,
String resolvedType, ActivityInfo aInfo, ResolveInfo rInfo,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int callingPid, int callingUid,
String callingPackage, int realCallingPid, int realCallingUid, int startFlags,
ActivityOptions options, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, boolean componentSpecified,
ActivityRecord[] outActivity, ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer container,
TaskRecord inTask, String reason) {
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(reason)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Need to specify a reason.");
}
mLastStartReason = reason;
mLastStartActivityTimeMs = System.currentTimeMillis();
mLastStartActivityRecord[0] = null;
mLastStartActivityResult = startActivity(caller, intent, ephemeralIntent, resolvedType,
aInfo, rInfo, voiceSession, voiceInteractor, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode,
callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage, realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags,
options, ignoreTargetSecurity, componentSpecified, mLastStartActivityRecord,
container, inTask);
if (outActivity != null) {
// mLastStartActivityRecord[0] is set in the call to startActivity above.
outActivity[0] = mLastStartActivityRecord[0];
}
return mLastStartActivityResult;
}
从上面的方法中可以看到如果参数reason是空的则会抛异常, 那么这个reason又是什么呢？reason是启动理由,是从AMS中的startActivityAsUser方法付过来的;如果是正常的操作这个reason是不会为空的，所以到后面调用了startActivity;最后面调用了startActivityUnchecked方法,由于该方法的边幅较长所以还是给出关键代码，如果想看真实的原型可以到系统源码中查看：
private int startActivityUnchecked(final ActivityRecord r, ActivityRecord sourceRecord,
IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int startFlags, boolean doResume, ActivityOptions options, TaskRecord inTask,
ActivityRecord[] outActivity) {
.......
if (mStartActivity.resultTo == null && mInTask == null && !mAddingToTask
&& (mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
newTask = true;
result = setTaskFromReuseOrCreateNewTask(
taskToAffiliate, preferredLaunchStackId, topStack);
} else if (mSourceRecord != null) {
result = setTaskFromSourceRecord();
} else if (mInTask != null) {
result = setTaskFromInTask();
} else {
// This not being started from an existing activity, and not part of a new task...
// just put it in the top task, though these days this case should never happen.
setTaskToCurrentTopOrCreateNewTask();
}
if (result != START_SUCCESS) {
return result;
}
...........
if (mDoResume) {
final ActivityRecord topTaskActivity =
mStartActivity.getTask().topRunningActivityLocked();
if (!mTargetStack.isFocusable()
|| (topTaskActivity != null && topTaskActivity.mTaskOverlay
&& mStartActivity != topTaskActivity)) {
mTargetStack.ensureActivitiesVisibleLocked(null, 0, !PRESERVE_WINDOWS);
// Go ahead and tell window manager to execute app transition for this activity
// since the app transition will not be triggered through the resume channel.
mWindowManager.executeAppTransition();
} else {
if (mTargetStack.isFocusable() && !mSupervisor.isFocusedStack(mTargetStack)) {
mTargetStack.moveToFront("startActivityUnchecked");
}
mSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(mTargetStack, mStartActivity,
mOptions);
}
} else {
mTargetStack.addRecentActivityLocked(mStartActivity);
}
}
startActivityUnchecked方法主要是处理栈管理相关的逻辑,从上面的代码可以看到当根Activity启动时Flags会设置为FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;最后又调用到了ActivityStackSupervisor中的resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked方法;下面是方法代码：
boolean resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(
ActivityStack targetStack, ActivityRecord target, ActivityOptions targetOptions) {
if (targetStack != null && isFocusedStack(targetStack)) {
return targetStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions);
}
final ActivityRecord r = mFocusedStack.topRunningActivityLocked();
if (r == null || r.state != RESUMED) {
mFocusedStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(null, null);
} else if (r.state == RESUMED) {
// Kick off any lingering app transitions form the MoveTaskToFront operation.
mFocusedStack.executeAppTransition(targetOptions);
}
return false;
}
从上面的代码中可以看到最终又调到了ActivityStack中的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法，代码如下：
boolean resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
if (mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity) {
// Don't even start recursing.
return false;
}
boolean result = false;
try {
// Protect against recursion.
mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = true;
result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options);
} finally {
mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = false;
}
mStackSupervisor.checkReadyForSleepLocked();
return result;
}
resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法后面又调用了resumeTopActivityInnerLocked后再调用了resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法,由于该方法边幅较长这里就不贴出来了,该方法后面调用了ActivityStackSupervisor中的startSpecificActivityLocked;代码如下：
void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
// Is this activity's application already running?
ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true);
r.getStack().setLaunchTime(r);
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
try {
if ((r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_MULTIPROCESS) == 0
|| !"android".equals(r.info.packageName)) {
// Don't add this if it is a platform component that is marked
// to run in multiple processes, because this is actually
// part of the framework so doesn't make sense to track as a
// separate apk in the process.
app.addPackage(r.info.packageName, r.info.applicationInfo.versionCode,
mService.mProcessStats);
}
realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
return;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
}
// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to
// restart the application.
}
mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0,
"activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false, false, true);
}
可以看到该方法中又调用了realStartActivityLocked方法,调用了realStartActivityLocked后AMS中就已经执行完了，接下来就到了ActivityThread中的ApplicationThread的内部类进行Activity启动处理了，由于realStartActivityLocked代码边幅太长这里只给出关键代码：
final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, ProcessRecord app,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException {
.............................................
app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r.appToken,
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info,
// TODO: Have this take the merged configuration instead of separate global and
// override configs.
mergedConfiguration.getGlobalConfiguration(),
mergedConfiguration.getOverrideConfiguration(), r.compat,
r.launchedFromPackage, task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState, r.icicle,
r.persistentState, results, newIntents, !andResume,
mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profilerInfo);
.....................................................
}
realStartActivityLocked方法中就调用了scheduleLaunchActivity方法把操作交到了ApplicationThread中处理启动Activity了;上面代码中的app.thread就是ApplicationThread类;可以在ProcessRecord中看到定义;定义代码如下：
final class ProcessRecord {
private static final String TAG = TAG_WITH_CLASS_NAME ? "ProcessRecord" : TAG_AM;
IApplicationThread thread; // the actual proc... may be null only if
}
到这里就已经分享完了Activity启动从Launcher到AMS、AMS到AcvitityThread的启动过程，ActivityThread到Activity的onCreate方法在下一个文章中继续分析,上面的分析都是基于Android8.0的系统源码进行分析的，在其它版本上可能不一样;如果你看完后觉得有收获就给作者点赞吧!下面给出在线查看源码的链接：
https://www.androidos.net.cn/sourcecode
这个网站查看源码加载比较快，不需要翻墙。
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