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MySQL 误删数据、误更新数据(update,delete忘加

MySQL 误删数据、误更新数据(update,delete忘加

作者: e652d1fb12eb | 来源:发表于2020-12-06 11:22 被阅读0次

    转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/gomysql/p/3582058.html

    在数据库日常维护中,开发人员是最让人头痛的,很多时候都会由于SQL语句写的有问题导致服务器出问题,导致资源耗尽。最危险的操作就是在做DML操作的时候忘加where条件,导致全表更新,这是作为运维或者DBA的我们改如何处理呢?下面我分别针对update和delete操作忘加where条件导致全表更新的处理方法。

    一. update 忘加where条件误操作恢复数据(binglog格式必须是ROW)

    1.创建测试用的数据表

    1.  mysql> create table t1 (
    
    2.  -> id int  unsigned  not  null auto_increment,
    
    3.  -> name char(20)  not  null,
    
    4.  -> sex enum('f','m')  not  null  default  'm',
    
    5.  -> address varchar(30)  not  null,
    
    6.  -> primary key(id)
    
    7.  ->  );
    
    8.  Query OK,  0 rows affected (0.31 sec)
    
    9.  mysql>  
    

    2.插入测试数据

    1.  mysql> insert into t1 (name,sex,address)values('daiiy','m','guangzhou');
    
    2.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
    4.  mysql> insert into t1 (name,sex,address)values('tom','f','shanghai');
    
    5.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    7.  mysql> insert into t1 (name,sex,address)values('liany','m','beijing');
    
    8.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    10.  mysql> insert into t1 (name,sex,address)values('lilu','m','zhuhai');
    
    11.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.05 sec)
    
    13.  mysql>  
    

    3.现在需要将id等于2的用户的地址改为zhuhai,update时没有添加where条件

    1.  mysql>  select  *  from t1;
    
    2.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    3.  | id | name | sex | address |
    
    4.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    5.  |  1  | daiiy | m | guangzhou |
    
    6.  |  2  | tom | f | shanghai |
    
    7.  |  3  | liany | m | beijing |
    
    8.  |  4  | lilu | m | zhuhai |
    
    9.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    10.  4 rows in  set  (0.01 sec)
    
    12.  mysql> update t1 set address='zhuhai';
    
    13.  Query OK,  3 rows affected (0.09 sec)
    
    14.  Rows matched:  4  Changed:  3  Warnings:  0
    
    16.  mysql>  select  *  from t1;
    
    17.  +----+-------+-----+---------+
    
    18.  | id | name | sex | address |
    
    19.  +----+-------+-----+---------+
    
    20.  |  1  | daiiy | m | zhuhai |
    
    21.  |  2  | tom | f | zhuhai |
    
    22.  |  3  | liany | m | zhuhai |
    
    23.  |  4  | lilu | m | zhuhai |
    
    24.  +----+-------+-----+---------+
    
    25.  4 rows in  set  (0.00 sec)
    
    27.  mysql>  
    

    4.开始恢复,在线上的话,应该比较复杂,要先进行锁表,以免数据再次被污染。(锁表,查看正在写哪个二进制日志)

    1.  mysql>  lock tables t1 read ;
    
    2.  Query OK,  0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    4.  mysql> show master status;
    
    5.  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
    6.  |  File  |  Position  |  Binlog_Do_DB  |  Binlog_Ignore_DB  |
    
    7.  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
    8.  | mysql-bin.000024  |  1852  |  |  |
    
    9.  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
    
    10.  1 row in  set  (0.00 sec)
    
    12.  mysql>  
    

    5.分析二进制日志,并且在其中找到相关记录,在更新时是address='zhuhai',我们可以在日志中过滤出来。

    1.  [root@localhost mysql]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults -v -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS mysql-bin.000024  | grep -B 15  'zhuhai'    --表名
    
    1.  # at 1629
    2.  **# at 1679**
    
    3.  #140305 10:52:24 server id 1  end_log_pos 1679  Table_map: `db01`.`t1` mapped to number 38
    
    4.  #140305 10:52:24 server id 1  end_log_pos 1825  Update_rows: table id 38 flags: STMT_END_F
    
    5.  ### UPDATE db01.t1
    
    6.  ### WHERE
    
    7.  ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    8.  ###   @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    9.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    10.  ###   @4='guangzhou' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    11.  ### SET
    
    12.  ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    13.  ###   @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    14.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    15.  ###   @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    16.  ### UPDATE db01.t1
    
    17.  ### WHERE
    
    18.  ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    19.  ###   @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    20.  ###   @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    21.  ###   @4='shanghai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    22.  ### SET
    
    23.  ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    24.  ###   @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    25.  ###   @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    26.  ###   @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    27.  ### UPDATE db01.t1
    
    28.  ### WHERE
    
    29.  ###   @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    30.  ###   @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    31.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    32.  ###   @4='beijing' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    33.  ### SET
    
    34.  ###   @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    35.  ###   @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    36.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    37.  ###   @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    

    可以看见里面记录了每一行的变化,这也是binglog格式要一定是row才行的原因。其中@1,@2,@3,@4,分别对应表中id,name,sex,address字段。相信大家看到这里有点明白了吧,对,没错,你猜到了,我们将相关记录转换为sql语句,重新导入数据库。

    6.处理分析处理的二进制日志

    1.  [root@localhost mysql]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults -v -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS mysql-bin.000024  | sed -n '/# at 1679/,/COMMIT/p'  > t1.txt
    
    2.  [root@localhost mysql]# cat t1.txt
    
    3.  **# at** **1679**
    
    4.  #140305 10:52:24 server id 1  end_log_pos 1679  Table_map: `db01`.`t1` mapped to number 38
    
    5.  #140305 10:52:24 server id 1  end_log_pos 1825  Update_rows: table id 38 flags: STMT_END_F
    
    6.  ### UPDATE db01.t1
    
    7.  ### WHERE
    
    8.  ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    9.  ###   @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    10.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    11.  ###   @4='guangzhou' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    12.  ### SET
    
    13.  ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    14.  ###   @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    15.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    16.  ###   @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    17.  ### UPDATE db01.t1
    
    18.  ### WHERE
    
    19.  ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    20.  ###   @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    21.  ###   @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    22.  ###   @4='shanghai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    23.  ### SET
    
    24.  ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    25.  ###   @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    26.  ###   @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    27.  ###   @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    28.  ### UPDATE db01.t1
    
    29.  ### WHERE
    
    30.  ###   @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    31.  ###   @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    32.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    33.  ###   @4='beijing' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    34.  ### SET
    
    35.  ###   @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    36.  ###   @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    37.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    38.  ###   @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    39.  # at 1825
    
    40.  #140305 10:52:24 server id 1  end_log_pos 1852  Xid = 26
    
    41.  COMMIT/*!*/;
    
    42.  [root@localhost mysql]#  
    

    这里sed有点复杂,需要童鞋们好好自己研究研究,这里我就不多说了。

    1.  [root@localhost mysql]# sed '/WHERE/{:a;N;/SET/!ba;s/\([^\n]*\)\n\(.*\)\n\(.*\)/\3\n\2\n\1/}' t1.txt | sed -r '/WHERE/{:a;N;/@4/!ba;s/###   @2.*//g}'  | sed 's/### //g;s/\/\*.*/,/g'  | sed '/WHERE/{:a;N;/@1/!ba;s/,/;/g};s/#.*//g;s/COMMIT,//g'  | sed '/^$/d'  > recover.sql 
    
    1.  [root@localhost mysql]# cat recover.sql
    
    2.  UPDATE db01.t1
    
    3.  SET
    
    4.  @1=1  ,
    
    5.  @2='daiiy'  ,
    
    6.  @3=2  ,
    
    7.  @4='guangzhou'  ,
    
    8.  WHERE
    
    9.  @1=1  ;
    
    10.  UPDATE db01.t1
    
    11.  SET
    
    12.  @1=2  ,
    
    13.  @2='tom'  ,
    
    14.  @3=1  ,
    
    15.  @4='shanghai'  ,
    
    16.  WHERE
    
    17.  @1=2  ;
    
    18.  UPDATE db01.t1
    
    19.  SET
    
    20.  @1=3  ,
    
    21.  @2='liany'  ,
    
    22.  @3=2  ,
    
    23.  @4='beijing'  ,
    
    24.  WHERE
    
    25.  @1=3  ;
    
    26.  [root@localhost mysql]#  
    
    

    将文件中的@1,@2,@3,@4替换为t1表中id,name,sex,address字段,并删除最后字段的","号

    1.  [root@localhost mysql]# sed -i 's/@1/id/g;s/@2/name/g;s/@3/sex/g;s/@4/address/g' recover.sql
    
    2.  [root@localhost mysql]# sed -i -r 's/(address=.*),/\1/g' recover.sql
    
    3.  [root@localhost mysql]# cat recover.sql
    
    4.  UPDATE db01.t1
    
    5.  SET
    
    6.  id=1  ,
    
    7.  name='daiiy'  ,
    
    8.  sex=2  ,
    
    9.  address='guangzhou'
    
    10.  WHERE
    
    11.  id=1  ;
    
    12.  UPDATE db01.t1
    
    13.  SET
    
    14.  id=2  ,
    
    15.  name='tom'  ,
    
    16.  sex=1  ,
    
    17.  address='shanghai'
    
    18.  WHERE
    
    19.  id=2  ;
    
    20.  UPDATE db01.t1
    
    21.  SET
    
    22.  id=3  ,
    
    23.  name='liany'  ,
    
    24.  sex=2  ,
    
    25.  address='beijing'
    
    26.  WHERE
    
    27.  id=3  ;
    
    28.  [root@localhost mysql]#  
    
    

    7.到这里日志就处理好了,现在导入即可(导入数据后,解锁表);

    1.  mysql> source recover.sql;
    
    2.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.12 sec)
    
    3.  Rows matched:  1  Changed:  1  Warnings:  0
    
    5.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    6.  Rows matched:  1  Changed:  1  Warnings:  0
    
    8.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
    9.  Rows matched:  1  Changed:  1  Warnings:  0
    
    11.  mysql>  select  *  from t1;
    
    12.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    13.  | id | name | sex | address |
    
    14.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    15.  |  1  | daiiy | m | guangzhou |
    
    16.  |  2  | tom | f | shanghai |
    
    17.  |  3  | liany | m | beijing |
    
    18.  |  4  | lilu | m | zhuhai |
    
    19.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    20.  4 rows in  set  (0.00 sec)
    
    22.  mysql>  
    

    可以看见数据已经完全恢复,这种方法的优点是快速,方便。

    二. delete 忘加where条件误删除恢复(binglog格式必须是ROW)

    其实这和update忘加条件差不多,不过这处理更简单,这里就用上面那张表做测试吧

    1.模拟误删除数据

    1.  mysql>  select  *  from t1;
    
    2.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    3.  | id | name | sex | address |
    
    4.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    5.  |  1  | daiiy | m | guangzhou |
    
    6.  |  2  | tom | f | shanghai |
    
    7.  |  3  | liany | m | beijing |
    
    8.  |  4  | lilu | m | zhuhai |
    
    9.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    10.  4 rows in  set  (0.00 sec)
    
    12.  mysql>  delete  from t1;
    
    13.  Query OK,  4 rows affected (0.03 sec)
    
    15.  mysql>  select  *  from t1;
    
    16.  Empty  set  (0.00 sec)
    
    18.  mysql>  
    

    2.在binglog中去查找相关记录

    1.  [root@localhost mysql]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v -v mysql-bin.000024  | sed -n '/### DELETE FROM db01.t1/,/COMMIT/p'  >  delete.txt
    
    2.  [root@localhost mysql]# cat delete.txt
    
    3.  ### DELETE FROM db01.t1
    
    4.  ### WHERE
    
    5.  ###   @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    6.  ###   @2='daiiy' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    7.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    8.  ###   @4='guangzhou' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    9.  ### DELETE FROM db01.t1
    
    10.  ### WHERE
    
    11.  ###   @1=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    12.  ###   @2='tom' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    13.  ###   @3=1 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    14.  ###   @4='shanghai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    15.  ### DELETE FROM db01.t1
    
    16.  ### WHERE
    
    17.  ###   @1=3 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    18.  ###   @2='liany' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    19.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    20.  ###   @4='beijing' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    21.  ### DELETE FROM db01.t1
    
    22.  ### WHERE
    
    23.  ###   @1=4 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    24.  ###   @2='lilu' /* STRING(60) meta=65084 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    25.  ###   @3=2 /* ENUM(1 byte) meta=63233 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    26.  ###   @4='zhuhai' /* VARSTRING(90) meta=90 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
    
    27.  # at 2719
    
    28.  #140305 11:41:00 server id 1  end_log_pos 2746  Xid = 78
    
    29.  COMMIT/*!*/;
    
    30.  [root@localhost mysql]#  
    
    

    3.将记录转换为SQL语句

    1.  [root@localhost mysql]# cat delete.txt | sed -n '/###/p'  | sed 's/### //g;s/\/\*.*/,/g;s/DELETE FROM/INSERT INTO/g;s/WHERE/SELECT/g;'  | sed -r 's/(@4.*),/\1;/g'  | sed 's/@[1-9]=//g'  > t1.sql
    
    2.  [root@localhost mysql]# cat t1.sql
    
    3.  INSERT INTO db01.t1
    
    4.  SELECT
    
    5.  1  ,
    
    6.  'daiiy'  ,
    
    7.  2  ,
    
    8.  'guangzhou'  ;
    
    9.  INSERT INTO db01.t1
    
    10.  SELECT
    
    11.  2  ,
    
    12.  'tom'  ,
    
    13.  1  ,
    
    14.  'shanghai'  ;
    
    15.  INSERT INTO db01.t1
    
    16.  SELECT
    
    17.  3  ,
    
    18.  'liany'  ,
    
    19.  2  ,
    
    20.  'beijing'  ;
    
    21.  INSERT INTO db01.t1
    
    22.  SELECT
    
    23.  4  ,
    
    24.  'lilu'  ,
    
    25.  2  ,
    
    26.  'zhuhai'  ;
    
    27.  [root@localhost mysql]#  
    
    

    4.导入数据,验证数据完整性

    1.  mysql> source t1.sql;
    
    2.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    3.  Records:  1  Duplicates:  0  Warnings:  0
    
    5.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.02 sec)
    
    6.  Records:  1  Duplicates:  0  Warnings:  0
    
    8.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.02 sec)
    
    9.  Records:  1  Duplicates:  0  Warnings:  0
    
    11.  Query OK,  1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
    12.  Records:  1  Duplicates:  0  Warnings:  0
    
    14.  mysql>  select  *  from t1;
    
    15.  ERROR 1046  (3D000):  No database selected
    
    16.  mysql>  select  *  from db01.t1;
    
    17.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    18.  | id | name | sex | address |
    
    19.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    20.  |  1  | daiiy | m | guangzhou |
    
    21.  |  2  | tom | f | shanghai |
    
    22.  |  3  | liany | m | beijing |
    
    23.  |  4  | lilu | m | zhuhai |
    
    24.  +----+-------+-----+-----------+
    
    25.  4 rows in  set  (0.00 sec)
    
    27.  mysql>  
    

    到这里数据就完整回来了。将binglog格式设置为row有利有弊,好处是记录了每一行的实际变化,在主从复制时也不容易出问题。但是由于记录每行的变化,会占用大量磁盘,主从复制时带宽占用会有所消耗。到底是使用row还是mixed,需要在实际工作中自己去衡量,但从整体上来说,binglog的格式设置为row,都是不二的选择。

    总结:

    所以在数据库操作的过程中我们需要格外小心,当然开发那边我们需要做好权限的控制,不过有一个参数可以解决我们的问题,让我们不用担心类似的问题发生:

    在[mysql]段落开启这个参数:

    1.  safe-updates
    

    这样当我们在做DML操作时忘记加where条件时,mysqld服务器是不会执行操作的:

    1.  mysql>  select  *  from t1;
    
    2.  +----+------------------+
    
    3.  | id | name |
    
    4.  +----+------------------+
    
    5.  |  1  | yayun |
    
    6.  |  2  | atlas |
    
    7.  |  3  | mysql |
    
    8.  |  6  | good yayun heheh |
    
    9.  +----+------------------+
    
    10.  4 rows in  set  (0.00 sec)
    
    12.  mysql>  delete  from t1;
    
    13.  ERROR 1175  (HY000):  You are using safe update mode and you tried to update a table without a WHERE that uses a KEY column
    
    14.  mysql>  
    

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