前言
在git仓库中，有时候需要添加某个文件并且追踪；有时候需要移除已经追踪的文件；或者不再追踪已经追踪的文件，但是并不希望该文件从工作区中删除。这一系列操作都知道怎么玩，但是要用的时候往往要到网上各种翻才可以找到自己需要的，这里就直接简单列了一下，以及详细步骤之后查询一目了然。嘿嘿
1. .gitignore 文件添加忽略文件或者文件夹
2. git commit -am "提交.gitignore修改"
3. git rm --cached -f "删除暂存区的文件文件夹"
.gitignore 格式
文件 .gitignore 的格式规范如下：
• 所有空行或者以 ＃ 开头的行都会被 Git 忽略。
• 可以使用标准的 glob 模式匹配。
• 匹配模式可以以（/）开头防止递归。
• 匹配模式可以以（/）结尾指定目录。
• 要忽略指定模式以外的文件或目录，可以在模式前加上惊叹号（!）取反。
所谓的 glob 模式是指 shell 所使用的简化了的正则表达式。星号（*）匹配零个或多个任意字符；[abc] 匹配任何一个列在方括号中的字符（这个例子要么匹配一个 a，要么匹配一个 b，要么匹配一个 c）；问号（?）只匹配一个任意字符；如果在方括号中使用短划线分隔两个字符，表示所有在这两个字符范围内的都可以匹配（比如[0-9] 表示匹配所有 0 到 9 的数字）。使用两个星号（*) 表示匹配任意中间目录，比如
a/**/z可以匹配 a/z,
a/b/z 或a/b/c/z等。
操作步骤
1.文件已经提交
#将目录下的文件名`bash.exe.stackdump`添加到 .gitignore 文件中
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git commit -am "ignore bash.exe.stackdump"
[master c2a07b4] ignore bash.exe.stackdump
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 7 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working tree clean
#修改 `bash.exe.stackdump` 文件之后，git status，还是被追踪了。
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 7 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: bash.exe.stackdump
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
#解决方案: 需要删除暂存区的文件并且提交
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git rm --cached bash.exe.stackdump
rm 'bash.exe.stackdump'
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 8 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
deleted: bash.exe.stackdump
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git commit -am "deleted: bash.exe.stackdump"
[master 9edf2d8] deleted: bash.exe.stackdump
1 file changed, 23 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 bash.exe.stackdump
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 9 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working tree clean
#完成
2.文件在暂存区
# 将目录下的文件名`bash.exe.stackdump`添加到 .gitignore 文件中
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git add .gitignore
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git commit -m "ignore bash.exe.stackdump"
[master c2a07b4] ignore bash.exe.stackdump
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 7 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working tree clean
#修改 `bash.exe.stackdump` 文件之后，git status，照样被追踪了。
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 7 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: bash.exe.stackdump
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
#解决方案: 需要删除暂存区的文件并且提交 需要添加-f参数强行删除
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git rm --cached -f bash.exe.stackdump
rm 'bash.exe.stackdump'
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 8 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
deleted: bash.exe.stackdump
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git commit -am "deleted: bash.exe.stackdump"
[master 9edf2d8] deleted: bash.exe.stackdump
1 file changed, 23 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 bash.exe.stackdump
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 9 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working tree clean
#完成
3.文件在工作区
#解决方案：将目录下的文件名`bash.exe.stackdump`添加到 .gitignore 文件中
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git add .gitignore
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git commit -m "ignore bash.exe.stackdump"
[master c2a07b4] ignore bash.exe.stackdump
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
D:\git\intellijIdeaPorject>git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 7 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working tree clean
#完成
删除文件补充
git rm 删除文件--全部删除
要从 Git 中移除某个文件，就必须要从已跟踪文件清单中移除（确切地说，是从暂存区域移除），然后提交。可以用 git rm 命令完成移除操作，并连带从工作目录中删除指定的文件，这样以后就不会出现在未跟踪文件清单中了。
git rm --cached 删除文件--保留工作区
我们想把文件从 Git 仓库中删除（亦即从暂存区域移除），但仍然希望保留在当前工作目录中。换句话说，你想让文件保留在磁盘，但是并不想让 Git 继续跟踪。当你忘记添加 .gitignore 文件，不小心把一个很大的日志文件或一堆 .a 这样的编译生成文件添加到暂存区时，这一做法尤其有用。为达到这一目的，git rm 需要使用 --cached 选项：
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