CNTK中GPU信息的获取

device接口

CNTK提供了device接口，可以访问gpu的几个基本参数。

获取所有的设备

首先可以通过cntk.device.all_devices方法来获取当前的设备

>>> C.device.all_devices()
(GPU[0] GeForce GTX 960M, CPU)

获取GPU

知道了系统里有多少设备了之后，就可以通过设备号来通过device.gpu来访问GPU设备了。
例：

>>> C.device.gpu(0)
GPU[0] GeForce GTX 960M

GPU属性

通过device.gpu(id)获取了gpu的引用之后，我们就可以通过device.get_gpu_properties函数来获取属性：

>>> prop = C.device.get_gpu_properties(C.device.gpu(0))
>>> prop
<cntk.cntk_py.GPUProperties; proxy of <Swig Object of type 'CNTK::GPUProperties *' at 0x000001A1195C3420> >

属性有：

• device_id: 设备号
• name: 名字
• version_major: 主版本号
• version_minor: 副版本号
• cuda_cores: CUDA核
• total_memory: 显存大小

例：

>>> prop.name
'GeForce GTX 960M'
>>> prop.version_major
5
>>> prop.version_minor
0
>>> prop.cuda_cores
960
>>> prop.total_memory
2048
>>> prop.device_id
0

如何监控GPU内存的分配与释放

如果想要监控内存使用情况的话，上面的简单的API是不够用的，我们使用trace功能吧：

C.cntk_py.set_gpumemory_allocation_trace_level(1)

例，运行时打印出来的效果是这样的：

Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 1, Cols = 5416) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 29 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 000000050323AA00
Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 1, Cols = 8124) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 29 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 0000000504E17A00
Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 1, Cols = 5416) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 29 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 0000000502A38E00
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 0000000502A38E00 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 29 MB of 2048 MB
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 0000000504E17A00 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 29 MB of 2048 MB
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 000000050323AA00 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 29 MB of 2048 MB
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 0000000567440000 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 98 MB of 2048 MB
Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 650, Cols = 8124) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 98 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 0000000541BC0000
Freed buffer<char> DeviceData = 0000000502B3E600 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 78 MB of 2048 MB
Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 650, Cols = 5416) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 78 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 0000000543000000
Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 1, Cols = 5416) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 65 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 000000050323AA00
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 000000050323AA00 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 65 MB of 2048 MB
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 0000000543000000 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 78 MB of 2048 MB
Allocating Matrix<char> (Rows = 1, Cols = 5416) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 78 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 0000000502B3E600
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 0000000541BC0000 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 98 MB of 2048 MB
Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 650, Cols = 8066) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 98 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 0000000541BC0000
Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 1, Cols = 8066) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 78 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 0000000504E17A00
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 0000000504E17A00 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 78 MB of 2048 MB
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 0000000541BC0000 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 98 MB of 2048 MB
Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 3377, Cols = 1) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 98 MB of 2048 MB
Allocated DeviceData = 00000005050DCA00
Freed buffer<float> DeviceData = 00000005050DCA00 on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 98 MB of 2048 MB
Allocating Matrix<float> (Rows = 3377, Cols = 8066) buffer on DeviceId = 0; GPU Memory Free = 98 MB of 2048 MB