Ansible Roles 角色

作者: DB哥 | 来源:发表于2019-08-15 16:12 被阅读0次

Linux System Environment

[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release                   #==》系统版本
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
[root@ansible ~]# uname –r                              #==》系统内核
3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
[root@ansible ~]# uname -m                              #==》系统位数
x86_64
[root@ansible ~]# echo $LANG                                #==》系统字符集
en_US.UTF-8
[root@ansible ~]# ssh –V                                    #==》SSH版本
OpenSSH_7.4p1, OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
[root@master ~]# ansible –version                           #==》Ansible版本
ansible 2.4.2.0
[root@master ~]# python –version                            #==》Python版本
Python 2.7.5

Ansible Roles角色简介

Ansible 角色是基于Ansible Playbook剧本进行拆分成从多模块的文件结构，然后按模块执行并且还可以制作成模版共享给其它角色使用。

Ansible Roles 文件结构
标注：创建的目录里必须包含 files/handlers/tasks/templates/vars 目录，这些目录的名称是固定的，不能修改，否则对应的功能就失效。对应这些目录编写的playbook剧本名称也是固定为main.yml

[root@ansible ~]# tree /etc/ansible/roles/
/etc/ansible/roles/
└── nfs             #==》创建的nfs目录名称，这个名称可以自定义
    ├── files           #==》部署的文件（需要传输给远程主机的文件）
    ├── handlers        #==》触发的程序
    ├── tasks           #==》具体的任务剧本
    ├── templates       #==》部署的模版，可供其它角色使用
    └── vars            #==》存放的变量

一、Ansible Roles方式部署优化系统并架设NFS（先把playbook剧本写好）
标注：Ansible Roles官网说明:

https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_reuse_roles.html

主机规则

主机IP地址            主机名                 备注
10.0.0.7             ansible              ansible服务端
10.0.0.31            NFSserver            NFS服务端
10.0.0.32            NFSclient            NFS客户端

角色规则

1、optimize                    #==》系统优化
2、nfs服务端                    #==》安装配置nfs服务端
3、nfs客户端                    #==》安装配置nfs客户端

Ansible hosts主机配置

[root@ansible ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts 
[optimize_host]
10.0.0.31
10.0.0.32

[nfs_server]
10.0.0.31

[nfs_client]
10.0.0.32

1、创建角色目录

[root@ansible ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@ansible roles]# 
mkdir -p {init_system,nfs_server,nfs_client}/{files,handlers,tasks,templates,vars}
[root@ansible roles]# tree
.
├── init_system
│   ├── files
│   ├── handlers
│   ├── tasks
│   ├── templates
│   └── vars
├── nfs_client
│   ├── files
│   ├── handlers
│   ├── tasks
│   ├── templates
│   └── vars
└── nfs_server
    ├── files
    ├── handlers
    ├── tasks
    ├── templates
    └── vars

18 directories, 0 files

2、系统优化Playbook剧本

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/init_system/tasks/main.yml
  - name: 01-close iptables
    service:
      name: firewalld
      state: stopped

  - name: 02-close iptables autostart
    systemd:
      name: firewalld
      state: stopped

  - name: 03-close SElinux
    selinux:
      policy: targeted
      state: disabled

  - name: 04-configure character
    shell: "{{ item }}"
    loop:
    - cp /etc/locale.conf{,.bak}
    - echo 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' > /etc/locale.conf

  - name: 05-optimizing SSH
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      backrefs: yes
      regexp: "{{ item.regexp }}"
      line: "{{ item.line }}"
    loop:
    - { regexp: '^#UseDNS yes',line: 'UseDNS no' }
    - { regexp: '#GSSAPIAuthentication yes',line: 'GSSAPIAuthentication no' }

  - name: 06-update system date and clean mail rubbish file
    cron:
      name: "{{ item.name }}"
      minute: "{{ item.minute }}"
      hour: "{{ item.hour }}"
      job: "{{ item.job }}"
    loop:
    - { name: 'update system date', minute: '00', hour: '01', job: '/usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1' }
    - { name: 'clean mail', minute: '00', hour: '23', job: '/usr/bin/find /var/spool/postfix/maildrop/ -type f | xargs rm -rf >/dev/null 2>&1' }

  - name: 07-configure aliyun yum source
    get_url:
      url: "{{ item.url }}"
      dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
    loop:
     - { url: 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo', dest: '/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo' }
     - { url: 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo', dest: '/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo' }

  - name: 08-yum install/update common software
    yum:
      name: "{{ item }}"
      state: latest
    loop:
    - tree
    - bash
    - openssl
    - openssh
    - ntpdate
    - vim

  - name: 09-hidden system version information AND setup system file descriptor AND delete old yum file
    shell: "{{ item }}"
    loop:
    - "cat /dev/null > /etc/issue"
    - "cat /dev/null > /etc/issue.net"
    - "echo '*   -   nofile   65535' >> /etc/security/limits.conf"
    - find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -name "CentOS-Base.repo" | xargs rm -f
    - find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -name "epel.repo" | xargs rm -f
    - ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com

3、nfs服务端playbook剧本

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/tasks/main.yml
- hosts: nfs_server
  vars:
    show: 'showmount -e 10.0.0.31'
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: 01-delete old yum file
    shell: "{{ item }}"
    loop:
    - find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -name "CentOS-Base.repo" | xargs rm -f
    - find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -name "epel.repo" | xargs rm -f
  - name: 02-configure aliyun yum source
    get_url:
      url: "{{ item.url }}"
      dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
    loop:
     - { url: 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo', dest: '/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo' }
     - { url: 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo', dest: '/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo' }
  - name: 03-yum install nfs
    yum:
      name: nfs-utils
      state: latest
  - name: 04-mkdir data directory
    file:
      path: /data/
      state: directory
      owner: nfsnobody
      group: nfsnobody
  - name: 05-copy nfs configure /ect/exports
    copy:
      src: /etc/exports
      dest: /etc/
    notify: restart_nfs_server

  handlers:
  - name: restart_nfs_server
    service:
      name: nfs
      state: restarted

  - name: 06-start rpcbind nfs
    service:
      name: "{{ item }}"
      state: started
    loop:
    - rpcbind
    - nfs
  - name: 07-enable nfs rpcbind
    systemd:
      name: "{{ item }}"
      enabled: yes
    loop:
    - rpcbind
    - nfs
  - name: 08-check nfs
shell: "showmount -e"
    register: printmount
  - name: 09-showmount
    debug:
      msg: "{{ printmount.stdout_lines }}"

4、nfs客户端playbook剧本

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_client/tasks/mail.yml
- hosts: nfs_client
  vars:
    yum_url_base: 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo'
    yum_url_epel: 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo'
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  - name: 01-delete old yum file
    shell: "{{ item }}"
    loop:
    - find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -name "CentOS-Base.repo" | xargs rm -f
    - find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -name "epel.repo" | xargs rm -f
  - name: 02-configure aliyun yum source
    get_url:
      url: "{{ item.url }}"
      dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
    loop:
     - { url: "{{ yum_url_base }}", dest: '/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo' }
     - { url: "{{ yum_url_epel }}", dest: '/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo' }
  - name: 03-yum install rpcbind
    yum:
      name: nfs-utils
      state: latest
  - name: 04-mkdir data directory
    file:
      path: /data
      state: directory
      owner: nfsnobody
      group: nfsnobody
  - name: 05-start rpcbind
    service:
      name: rpcbind
      state: started
  - name: 06-enable rpcbind
    systemd:
      name: rpcbind
      enabled: yes
  - name: 07-mount /backup
    mount:
      path: /data
      src: 10.0.0.31:/data
      fstype: nfs
      opts: defaults
      state: mounted

二、把NFS服务端剧本改造成roles角色

1、NFS服务端roles角色目录

[root@ansible ~]# tree /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/
/etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/
├── files
├── handlers
├── tasks
│   └── main.yml
├── templates
└── vars

2、files目录操作
标注：把NFS服务端的配置文件export放入到files目录，并修改copy模块src参数路径为配置文件命名即可，无须指定exports文件路径

[root@ansible ~]# cp /etc/exports /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/files/
[root@ansible ~]# ls -l /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/files/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Aug 15 14:13 exports
[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/tasks/main.yml
  - name: 05-copy nfs configure /ect/exports
    copy:
      src: exports  
      dest: /etc/
    notify: restart_nfs_server

3、handlers目录操作
标注：把playbook剧本里包含handlers操作放入到此目录的剧本文件

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart_nfs_server
  service:
    name: nfs
    state: restarted

4、vars目录操作

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/vars/main.yml
yum_url_base: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum_url_epel: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

5、tasks目录操作

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/tasks/main.yml
  - name: 01-delete old yum file
    shell: "{{ item }}"
    loop:
    - find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -name "CentOS-Base.repo" | xargs rm -f
    - find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -name "epel.repo" | xargs rm -f
  - name: 02-configure aliyun yum source
    get_url:
      url: "{{ item.url }}"
      dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
    loop:
     - { url: "{{ yum_url_base }}", dest: '/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo' }
     - { url: "{{ yum_url_epel }}", dest: '/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo' }
  - name: 03-yum install nfs
    yum:
      name: nfs-utils
      state: latest
  - name: 04-mkdir data directory
    file:
      path: /data/
      state: directory
      owner: nfsnobody
      group: nfsnobody
  - name: 05-copy nfs configure /ect/exports
    copy:
      src: /etc/exports
      dest: /etc/
    notify: restart_nfs_server
  - name: 06-start rpcbind nfs
    service:
      name: "{{ item }}"
      state: started
    loop:
    - rpcbind
    - nfs
  - name: 07-enable nfs rpcbind
    systemd:
      name: "{{ item }}"
      enabled: yes
    loop:
    - rpcbind
    - nfs
  - name: 08-check nfs
    shell: "showmount -e"
    register: printmount
  - name: 09-showmount
    debug:
      msg: "{{ printmount.stdout_lines }}"

6、init_system系统优化配置角色

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/init_system/tasks/main.yml
#==》将以下三行删除
- hosts: optimize_host
  remote_user: root
  tasks:

7、nfs服务端角色目录最终效果

[root@ansible ~]# tree /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/
/etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server/
├── files
│   └── exports
├── handlers
│   └── main.yml
├── tasks
│   └── main.yml
├── templates
└── vars
    └── main.yml

8、编写nfs服务端主任务文件

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/nfs_server_roles.yml 
- hosts: nfs_server
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - init_system               #==》系统优化角色根目录名称
    - nfs_server                #==》nfs服务端角色根目录名称

Ansible Roles 角色

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