1、以当前Dockerfile所在目录构建images
mkdir myproject && cd myproject
echo "hello" > hello
echo -e "FROM busybox\nCOPY /hello /\nRUN cat /hello" > Dockerfile
docker build -t helloapp:v1 . #注意后面有个. 代表当前目录
2、再次构建image，不依赖上次的构建缓存，-f 指定Dockerfile 目录，并且指定context目录
mkdir -p dockerfiles context
mv Dockerfile dockerfiles && mv hello context
docker build --no-cache -t helloapp:v2 -f dockerfiles/Dockerfile context
3、当build 镜像的时候，屏幕会出现以下,越大越耗费时间
Sending build context to Docker daemon 187.8MB
4、从标准输入(为dockerfile)构建image
echo -e 'FROM busybox\nRUN echo "hello world"' | docker build -
#或者如下
docker build -<<EOF
FROM busybox
RUN echo "hello world"
EOF
#再或者
docker build -t myimage:latest -<<EOF
FROM busybox
RUN echo "hello world"
EOF
5、如果入标准输入的Dockerfile build images的话，无需发送其他文件作为构建上下文，要-f- （-代表PATH的位置），并指示Docker从stdin而不是目录中读取构建context（仅包含Dockerfile）：
# create a directory to work in
mkdir example
cd example
# create an example file
touch somefile.txt
# build an image using the current directory as context, and a Dockerfile passed through stdin
docker build -t myimage:latest -f- . <<EOF
FROM busybox
COPY somefile.txt .
RUN cat /somefile.txt
EOF
6、如果您要从不包含Dockerfile的存储库中构建映像，或者想要使用自定义Dockerfile进行构建而又不维护自己的存储库，则此语法很有用。
以下示例使用stdin中的Dockerfile构建映像，并从GitHub上的“ hello-world” Git存储库添加hello.c文件。(服务器默认安装git）
docker build -t myimage:latest -f- https://github.com/docker-library/hello-world.git <<EOF
FROM busybox
COPY hello.c .
EOF
#FROM构建一个层
FROM golang:1.11-alpine AS build
# Install tools required for project
# Run `docker build --no-cache .` to update dependencies
RUN apk add --no-cache git
RUN go get github.com/golang/dep/cmd/dep
# List project dependencies with Gopkg.toml and Gopkg.lock
# These layers are only re-built when Gopkg files are updated
COPY Gopkg.lock Gopkg.toml /go/src/project/
WORKDIR /go/src/project/
# Install library dependencies
RUN dep ensure -vendor-only
# Copy the entire project and build it
# This layer is rebuilt when a file changes in the project directory
COPY . /go/src/project/
RUN go build -o /bin/project
# This results in a single layer image
FROM scratch
COPY --from=build /bin/project /bin/project
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/project"]
CMD ["--help"]
参考：https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/dockerfile_best-practices/
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