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Next.js - SSR / SSG / CSR / ISR

Next.js - SSR / SSG / CSR / ISR

作者: Anoyi | 来源:发表于2022-07-04 15:10 被阅读0次

    Next.js 提供了多种网页渲染方式,这取决于你的服务应用的场景,包括服务端渲染、客户端渲染、静态生成、增量静态生成等。

    SSR (Server-side Rendering)

    Next.js 中使用 getServerSideProps 来实现服务端渲染,该动作在用户发起页面请求时执行,示例代码如下:

    function Page({ data }) {
      // Render data...
    }
    
    // This gets called on every request
    export async function getServerSideProps() {
      // Fetch data from external API
      const res = await fetch(`https://.../data`)
      const data = await res.json()
    
      // Pass data to the page via props
      return { props: { data } }
    }
    
    export default Page
    

    两种模式:

    • 用户直接请求:服务端请求数据 -> 服务端渲染页面 -> 用户
    • 用户通过 next/linknext/router 跳转:客户端请求数据 -> 服务端执行 getServerSideProps 并返回数据 -> 客户端渲染

    SSG (Static-side Generation)

    Next.js 中使用 getStaticProps 来实现静态页面生成,该动作在 next build 时执行,示例代码如下:

    // posts will be populated at build time by getStaticProps()
    function Blog({ posts }) {
      return (
        <ul>
          {posts.map((post) => (
            <li>{post.title}</li>
          ))}
        </ul>
      )
    }
    
    // This function gets called at build time on server-side.
    // It won't be called on client-side, so you can even do
    // direct database queries.
    export async function getStaticProps() {
      // Call an external API endpoint to get posts.
      // You can use any data fetching library
      const res = await fetch('https://.../posts')
      const posts = await res.json()
    
      // By returning { props: { posts } }, the Blog component
      // will receive `posts` as a prop at build time
      return {
        props: {
          posts,
        },
      }
    }
    
    export default Blog
    

    CSR (Client-side Rendering)

    客户端渲染,一般的做法是在 useEffect 中请求服务端数据再渲染组件,该动作在页面基本静态文件加载完毕后执行,示例代码如下:

    function Profile() {
      const [data, setData] = useState(null)
      const [isLoading, setLoading] = useState(false)
    
      useEffect(() => {
        setLoading(true)
        fetch('/api/profile-data')
          .then((res) => res.json())
          .then((data) => {
            setData(data)
            setLoading(false)
          })
      }, [])
    
      if (isLoading) return <p>Loading...</p>
      if (!data) return <p>No profile data</p>
    
      return (
        <div>
          <h1>{data.name}</h1>
          <p>{data.bio}</p>
        </div>
      )
    }
    

    Next.js 背后的技术团队开发了名为 SWR 的 React Hook 包,如果使用客户端渲染的话,强烈推荐使用 SWR,它可以处理缓存、重新验证、焦点跟踪、间隔重新获取等。示例代码如下:

    import useSWR from 'swr'
    
    const fetcher = (...args) => fetch(...args).then((res) => res.json())
    
    function Profile() {
      const { data, error } = useSWR('/api/profile-data', fetcher)
    
      if (error) return <div>Failed to load</div>
      if (!data) return <div>Loading...</div>
    
      return (
        <div>
          <h1>{data.name}</h1>
          <p>{data.bio}</p>
        </div>
      )
    }
    

    想了解更多,可以查看 SWR 文档

    ISR (Incremental Static Regeneration)

    Next.js 中使用增量静态生成,只需在 getStaticProps 中添加属性 revalidate,该动作在用户发起页面请求时执行,示例代码如下:

    function Blog({ posts }) {
      return (
        <ul>
          {posts.map((post) => (
            <li key={post.id}>{post.title}</li>
          ))}
        </ul>
      )
    }
    
    // This function gets called at build time on server-side.
    // It may be called again, on a serverless function, if
    // revalidation is enabled and a new request comes in
    export async function getStaticProps() {
      const res = await fetch('https://.../posts')
      const posts = await res.json()
    
      return {
        props: {
          posts,
        },
        // Next.js will attempt to re-generate the page:
        // - When a request comes in
        // - At most once every 10 seconds
        revalidate: 10, // In seconds
      }
    }
    
    // This function gets called at build time on server-side.
    // It may be called again, on a serverless function, if
    // the path has not been generated.
    export async function getStaticPaths() {
      const res = await fetch('https://.../posts')
      const posts = await res.json()
    
      // Get the paths we want to pre-render based on posts
      const paths = posts.map((post) => ({
        params: { id: post.id },
      }))
    
      // We'll pre-render only these paths at build time.
      // { fallback: blocking } will server-render pages
      // on-demand if the path doesn't exist.
      return { paths, fallback: 'blocking' }
    }
    
    export default Blog
    

    如上示例,用户发起请求后,服务端会渲染并缓存该页面,再将预渲染的页面返回给用户。在缓存期间内,用户的请求会直接返回缓存;缓存时间结束后,用户再次请求,会重新渲染并生成新的缓存。

    使用 ISR,就可以在运行时实现静态页面生成,而无需重新构建整个网站。

    Dynamic Routing

    Next.js 中配合使用 getStaticPaths + getStaticProps 即可实现动态路由的预渲染,该动作在 next build 时执行,示例代码:

    /**
     * CodePath: ./pages/user/[uid].tsx
     */
    import { GetStaticPropsContext } from "next/types"
    
    const Page = ({ name }) => {
    
      return (
        <div> {name} </div>
      )
    
    }
    
    export async function getStaticPaths() {
      const users = ['Anoyi', 'Jack', 'Marry']
      return {
        paths: users.map(user => ({ params: { user } })),
        fallback: true
      };
    }
    
    export async function getStaticProps(context: GetStaticPropsContext) {
    
      const { user } = context.params
    
      return {
        props: {
          user
        },
      }
    
    }
    
    export default Page
    

    如上示例,项目构建完毕后,会生成三个静态文件 /user/Anoyi & /user/Jack & /user/Marry,其它路由会执行动态路由的逻辑。

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