130. Surrounded Regions 被包围的区域

题目链接
tag:

• Medium；
• DFS；

question：
  Given a 2D board containing 'X' and 'O' (the letter O), capture all regions surrounded by 'X'.

A region is captured by flipping all 'O's into 'X's in that surrounded region.

Example:

X X X X
X O O X
X X O X
X O X X

After running your function, the board should be:

X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X O X X

Explanation:
Surrounded regions shouldn’t be on the border, which means that any 'O' on the border of the board are not flipped to 'X'. Any 'O' that is not on the border and it is not connected to an 'O' on the border will be flipped to 'X'. Two cells are connected if they are adjacent cells connected horizontally or vertically.

思路：
  这是道关于XXOO的题，有点像围棋，将包住的O都变成X，但不同的是边缘的O不算被包围，可以用DFS来解。在网上看到大家普遍的做法是扫面矩阵的四条边，如果有O，则用DFS遍历，将所有连着的O都变成另一个字符，比如$，这样剩下的O都是被包围的，然后将这些O变成X，把$变回O就行了。代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    void solve(vector<vector<char> >& board) {
        for (int i = 0; i < board.size(); ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < board[i].size(); ++j) {
                if ((i == 0 || i == board.size() - 1 || j == 0 || j == board[i].size() - 1) && board[i][j] == 'O')
                    solveDFS(board, i, j);
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < board.size(); ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < board[i].size(); ++j) {
                if (board[i][j] == 'O') board[i][j] = 'X';
                if (board[i][j] == '$') board[i][j] = 'O';
            }
        }
    }
    void solveDFS(vector<vector<char> > &board, int i, int j) {
        if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
            board[i][j] = '$';
            if (i > 0 && board[i - 1][j] == 'O') 
                solveDFS(board, i - 1, j);
            if (j < board[i].size() - 1 && board[i][j + 1] == 'O') 
                solveDFS(board, i, j + 1);
            if (i < board.size() - 1 && board[i + 1][j] == 'O') 
                solveDFS(board, i + 1, j);
            if (j > 0 && board[i][j - 1] == 'O') 
                solveDFS(board, i, j - 1);
        }
    }
};