1.yum相关指令
列出yum源可用的软件仓库
[root@ennan ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,019
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 435
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 2,500
repolist: 12,954
查看所有的仓库，包括不可用的
[root@ennan ~]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 10,019
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 435
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 2,500
查找命令所属的软件包
[root@ennan ~]# yum provides wget
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
wget-1.14-18.el7.x86_64 : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP
: protocols
Repo : base
wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or
: FTP protocols
Repo : updates
wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or
: FTP protocols
Repo : @updates
yum不需要知道命令的绝对路径,只需要知道命令即可， yum会通过所有已启用的仓库进行查找那些软件包中涵盖了需要查询的命令。
2. 缓存rpm包
方法一：通过修改配置文件，全局缓存rpm文件
[root@ennan 7]# vim /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=1
# keepcache=0表示不缓存rpm文件，rpm=1表示缓存
# 缓存的目录为/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
安装软件包并检查是否缓存成功
[root@ennan 7]# yum install samba -y
[root@ennan 7]# find /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/ -type f -name "*.rpm"
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/libldb-1.3.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/libtalloc-2.1.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/libtdb-1.3.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/libtevent-0.9.36-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/pytalloc-2.1.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/samba-4.8.3-6.el7_6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/libwbclient-4.8.3-6.el7_6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/samba-client-libs-4.8.3-6.el7_6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/samba-common-4.8.3-6.el7_6.noarch.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/samba-common-libs-4.8.3-6.el7_6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/samba-common-tools-4.8.3-6.el7_6.x86_64.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/samba-libs-4.8.3-6.el7_6.x86_64.rpm
方法二：只下载不安装
指定要下载的软件包及下载的路径
[root@ennan 7]# yum install httpd -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp
检查是否下载成功
[root@ennan 7]# ll /tmp/
total 2912
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2844140 Jul 31 11:37 httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 92776 Jul 31 11:37 httpd-tools-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 31264 Jul 4 2014 mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Aug 15 05:21 vmware-root_5895-1983720749
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Aug 15 05:12 vmware-root_5911-1949641533
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Aug 15 16:18 vmware-root_6108-960608207
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Aug 15 04:49 vmware-root_6131-1958619680
-rw-------. 1 root root 244 Aug 15 04:53 yum_save_tx.2019-08-15.04-53._kaSKx.yumtx
-rw-------. 1 root root 757 Aug 15 18:48 yum_save_tx.2019-08-15.18-48.9u9Z9V.yumtx
[root@ennan 7]#
清除缓存
清除所有的缓存
[root@ennan ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
清除缓存包
[root@ennan ~]# yum clean packages
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
0 package files removed
执行了清除缓存的指令后，之前缓存的软件包会被删除
3. 组相关指令
查看整组软件
[root@ennan ~]# yum groups list
安装一个组软件包
[root@ennan ~]# yum groups install "GNOME Desktop"
卸载组软件包
[root@ennan ~]# yum groups remove "GNOME Desktop"
4. 搭建本地yum源
[root@ennan ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# 将现有的yum源取消，否则安装软件时，可能会到网络上寻找更新版本的
[root@ennan yum.repos.d]# gzip *
编辑repo文件
[root@ennan yum.repos.d]# vim localcdrom.repo
[local-cdrom]
name = This is a cdrom
# 描述信息
baseurl = file:///mnt/
# 指定软件包的路径
enabled = 1
# 是否启用此yum源
gpgcheck =0
检查yum源是否启用
[root@ennan yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
local-cdrom This is a cdrom 4,021
repolist: 4,021
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