AFHTTPSessionManager请求的管理者

AFNetworking源码之Serialization模块
本篇我们来看AFNetworking的下一个模块Serialization
其中包括AFURLRequestSerialization和AFURLResponseSerialization两个类
我们主要讲AFURLRequestSerialization，因为AFURLRequestSerialization的实现比AFURLResponseSerialization复杂得多，我们理解了AFURLRequestSerialization就不难理解AFURLResponseSerialization了。
AFURLRequestSerialization的作用是协助构建NSURLRequest
其主要实现以下两个功能：
1.构建普通请求：格式化请求参数，生成HTTP Header。
2.构建multipart请求。
1.构建普通请求
格式化请求参数 一般我们请求都会按key=value的方式带上各种参数，GET方法参数直接加在URL上，POST方法放在body上，NSURLRequest没有封装好这个参数的解析，只能我们自己拼好字符串。AFNetworking提供了接口，让参数可以是NSDictionary, NSArray, NSSet这些类型，再由内部解析成字符串后赋给NSURLRequest。
转换分为三部分：
第一部分是用户传进来的数据，支持包含
NSArray,NSDictionary,NSSet这三种数据结构。
第二部分是转换成
AFNetworking内自己的数据结构，每一个key-value对都用一个对象AFQueryStringPair表示，作用是最后可以根据不同的字符串编码生成各自的key=value字符串。主要函数是AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue。
第三部分是最后生成
NSURLRequest可用的字符串数据，并且对参数进行url编码，在AFQueryStringFromParametersWithEncoding这个函数里。
最后在把数据赋给NSURLRequest时根据不同的HTTP方法分别处理，对于
GET/HEAD/DELETE方法，把参数加到URL后面，对于其他如POST/PUT方法，把数据加到body上，并设好HTTP头，告诉服务端字符串的编码。

相关代码:
创建管理路口：

- (instancetype)initWithBaseURL:(NSURL *)url
           sessionConfiguration:(NSURLSessionConfiguration *)configuration
{
    self = [super initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }

    // Ensure terminal slash for baseURL path, so that NSURL +URLWithString:relativeToURL: works as expected
    if ([[url path] length] > 0 && ![[url absoluteString] hasSuffix:@"/"]) {
        url = [url URLByAppendingPathComponent:@""];
    }

    self.baseURL = url;

    self.requestSerializer = [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer];
    self.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];

    return self;
}

构建普通请求：格式化请求参数，生成HTTP Header

self.requestSerializer = [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer];

+ (instancetype)serializer {
    return [[self alloc] init];
}

- (instancetype)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }

    self.stringEncoding = NSUTF8StringEncoding;

    self.mutableHTTPRequestHeaders = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

    // Accept-Language HTTP Header; see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.4
    NSMutableArray *acceptLanguagesComponents = [NSMutableArray array];
    [[NSLocale preferredLanguages] enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
        float q = 1.0f - (idx * 0.1f);
        [acceptLanguagesComponents addObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@;q=%0.1g", obj, q]];
        *stop = q <= 0.5f;
    }];
    [self setValue:[acceptLanguagesComponents componentsJoinedByString:@", "] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Accept-Language"];

    NSString *userAgent = nil;
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu"
#if TARGET_OS_IOS
    // User-Agent Header; see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.43
    userAgent = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@ (%@; iOS %@; Scale/%0.2f)", [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleExecutableKey] ?: [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleIdentifierKey], [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][@"CFBundleShortVersionString"] ?: [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleVersionKey], [[UIDevice currentDevice] model], [[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion], [[UIScreen mainScreen] scale]];
#elif TARGET_OS_WATCH
    // User-Agent Header; see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.43
    userAgent = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@ (%@; watchOS %@; Scale/%0.2f)", [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleExecutableKey] ?: [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleIdentifierKey], [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][@"CFBundleShortVersionString"] ?: [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleVersionKey], [[WKInterfaceDevice currentDevice] model], [[WKInterfaceDevice currentDevice] systemVersion], [[WKInterfaceDevice currentDevice] screenScale]];
#elif defined(__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED)
    userAgent = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@ (Mac OS X %@)", [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleExecutableKey] ?: [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleIdentifierKey], [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][@"CFBundleShortVersionString"] ?: [[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary][(__bridge NSString *)kCFBundleVersionKey], [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] operatingSystemVersionString]];
#endif
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
    if (userAgent) {
        if (![userAgent canBeConvertedToEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]) {
            NSMutableString *mutableUserAgent = [userAgent mutableCopy];
            if (CFStringTransform((__bridge CFMutableStringRef)(mutableUserAgent), NULL, (__bridge CFStringRef)@"Any-Latin; Latin-ASCII; [:^ASCII:] Remove", false)) {
                userAgent = mutableUserAgent;
            }
        }
        [self setValue:userAgent forHTTPHeaderField:@"User-Agent"];
    }

    // HTTP Method Definitions; see http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
    self.HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"GET", @"HEAD", @"DELETE", nil];

    self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths = [NSMutableSet set];
    for (NSString *keyPath in AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths()) {
        if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(keyPath)]) {
            [self addObserver:self forKeyPath:keyPath options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:AFHTTPRequestSerializerObserverContext];
        }
    }

    return self;
}

数据格式：

self.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];

+ (instancetype)serializer {
    return [self serializerWithReadingOptions:(NSJSONReadingOptions)0];
}

+ (instancetype)serializerWithReadingOptions:(NSJSONReadingOptions)readingOptions {
    AFJSONResponseSerializer *serializer = [[self alloc] init];
    serializer.readingOptions = readingOptions;

    return serializer;
}

- (instancetype)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }

    self.acceptableContentTypes = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"application/json", @"text/json", @"text/javascript", nil];

    return self;
}