完全抄录:iOS中UIWebView与WKWebView、JavaScript与OC交互、Cookie管理看我就够(中)
iOS UIWebView 和 WKWebView 的 cookie 获取,设置,删除
WKWebView
是Apple于iOS 8.0推出的WebKit中的核心控件,用来替UIWebView。
WKWebView比UIWebView的优势在于:
1、更多的支持HTML5的特性
2、高达60fps的滚动刷新率以及内置手势
3、与Safari相同的JavaScript引擎
4、将UIWebViewDelegate与UIWebView拆分成了14类与3个协议(官方文档说明)
5、可以获取加载进度:estimatedProgress(UIWebView需要调用私有Api)
WKUserContentController
@property (nonatomic, strong) WKUserContentController *userContentController;
@interface WKUserContentController : NSObject <NSCoding>
//读取添加过的脚本
@property (nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSArray<WKUserScript *> *userScripts;
//添加脚本
- (void)addUserScript:(WKUserScript *)userScript;
//删除所有添加的脚本
- (void)removeAllUserScripts;
//通过window.webkit.messageHandlers.<name>.postMessage(<messageBody>) 来实现js->oc传递消息,并添加handler
- (void)addScriptMessageHandler:(id <WKScriptMessageHandler>)scriptMessageHandler name:(NSString *)name;
//删除handler
- (void)removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:(NSString *)name;
@end
创建一个WKWebView的代码如下:
WKWebViewConfiguration *configuration = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc] init];
WKUserContentController *controller = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
configuration.userContentController = controller;
self.webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds configuration:configuration];
self.webView.allowsBackForwardNavigationGestures = YES; //允许右滑返回上个链接,左滑前进
self.webView.allowsLinkPreview = YES; //允许链接3D Touch
self.webView.customUserAgent = @"WebViewDemo/1.0.0"; //自定义UA,UIWebView就没有此功能,后面会讲到通过其他方式实现
self.webView.UIDelegate = self;
self.webView.navigationDelegate = self;
[self.view addSubview:self.webView];
一些属性
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSString *title; //页面的title,终于可以直接获取了
@property (nullable, nonatomic, readonly, copy) NSURL *URL; //当前webView的URL
@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isLoading) BOOL loading; //是否正在加载
@property (nonatomic, readonly) double estimatedProgress; //加载的进度
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canGoBack; //是否可以后退,跟UIWebView相同
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL canGoForward; //是否可以前进,跟UIWebView相同
动态注入JS
给每个页面添加一个Cookie
//注入一个Cookie
WKUserScript *newCookieScript = [[WKUserScript alloc] initWithSource:@"document.cookie = 'DarkAngelCookie=DarkAngel;'" injectionTime:WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentStart forMainFrameOnly:NO];
[controller addUserScript:newCookieScript];
然后再注入一个脚本,每当页面加载,就会alert当前页面cookie,在OC中的实现
//创建脚本
WKUserScript *cookieScript = [[WKUserScript alloc] initWithSource:@"alert(document.cookie);" injectionTime:WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentEnd forMainFrameOnly:NO];
//添加脚本
[controller addUserScript:script];
OC -> JS
[self.webView evaluateJavaScript:@"document.title" completionHandler:^(id _Nullable title, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"调用evaluateJavaScript异步获取title:%@", title);
}];
JS -> OC
1、URL拦截
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler {
//可以通过navigationAction.navigationType获取跳转类型,如新链接、后退等
NSURL *URL = navigationAction.request.URL;
//判断URL是否符合自定义的URL Scheme
if ([URL.scheme isEqualToString:@"darkangel"]) {
//根据不同的业务,来执行对应的操作,且获取参数
if ([URL.host isEqualToString:@"smsLogin"]) {
NSString *param = URL.query;
NSLog(@"短信验证码登录, 参数为%@", param);
decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);
return;
}
}
decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);
NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromSelector(_cmd));
}
2、WKScriptMessageHandler
OC中添加一个WKScriptMessageHandler,则会在all frames中添加一个js的function
(1)OC中监听JS的方法
// 监听JS的currentCookies方法
[controller addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"currentCookies"]; //这里self要遵循协 WKScriptMessageHandler
(2)JS中调用下面的方法时
// JS调用currentCookies的时候写上这句代码
window.webkit.messageHandlers.currentCookies.postMessage(document.cookie);
(3)OC中将会收到WKScriptMessageHandler的回调
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message {
if ([message.name isEqualToString:@"currentCookies"]) {
NSString *cookiesStr = message.body; //message.body返回的是一个id类型的对象,所以可以支持很多种js的参数类型(js的function除外)
NSLog(@"当前的cookie为: %@", cookiesStr);
}
}
当然,记得在适当的地方调用removeScriptMessageHandler
- (void)dealloc {
//记得移除
[self.webView.configuration.userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@"currentCookies"];
}
实现JS -> OC的调用,并且OC -> JS 异步回调结果,这里还是拿分享来举个例子
JS
/**
* 分享方法,并且会异步回调分享结果
* @param {对象类型} shareData 一个分享数据的对象,包含title,imgUrl,link以及一个回调function
* @return {void} 无同步返回值
*/
function shareNew(shareData) {
//这是该方法的默认实现,上篇文章中有所提及
var title = shareData.title;
var imgUrl = shareData.imgUrl;
var link = shareData.link;
var result = shareData.result;
//do something
//这里模拟异步操作
setTimeout(function() {
//2s之后,回调true分享成功
result(true);
}, 2000);
//用于WKWebView,因为WKWebView并没有办法把js function传递过去,因此需要特殊处理一下
//把js function转换为字符串,oc端调用时 (<js function string>)(true); 即可
shareData.result = result.toString();
window.webkit.messageHandlers.shareNew.postMessage(shareData);
}
function test() {
//清空分享结果
shareResult.innerHTML = "";
//调用时,应该
shareNew({
title: "title",
imgUrl: "http://img.dd.com/xxx.png",
link: location.href,
result: function(res) {
//这里shareResult 等同于 document.getElementById("shareResult")
shareResult.innerHTML = res ? "success" : "failure";
}
});
}
在html页面中我定义了一个a标签来触发test()函数
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="test()">测试新分享</a>
在OC端,实现如下
//首先别忘了,在configuration中的userContentController中添加scriptMessageHandler
[controller addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"shareNew"]; //记得适当时候remove哦
//点击a标签时,则会调用下面的方法
#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message {
if ([message.name isEqualToString:@"shareNew"]) {
NSDictionary *shareData = message.body;
NSLog(@"shareNew分享的数据为: %@", shareData);
//模拟异步回调
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(4 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
//读取js function的字符串
NSString *jsFunctionString = shareData[@"result"];
//拼接调用该方法的js字符串
NSString *callbackJs = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%@)(%d);", jsFunctionString, NO]; //后面的参数NO为模拟分享失败
//执行回调
[self.webView evaluateJavaScript:callbackJs completionHandler:^(id _Nullable result, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (!error) {
NSLog(@"模拟回调,分享失败");
}
}];
});
}
}
那么当我点击a标签时,html页面上过2s,会显示success,然后再过2s,会显示failure。
Cookie管理
// 获取保存的cookies
NSArray *cookies = [PSNetworkDataHelper cookiesForURL:url];
// 每次都设置request的HTTPHeaderField
NSDictionary *cookiesDict = [NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:cookies];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
[request setValue:[cookiesDict objectForKey:@"Cookie"] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];
// 每次都JS注入
NSMutableString *cookiesString = [NSMutableString string];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookies) {
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@=%@; ",cookie.name,cookie.value];
[cookiesString appendFormat:@"document.cookie='%@';", string];
}
WKUserScript * cookieScript = [[WKUserScript alloc]
initWithSource: cookiesString
injectionTime:WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentStart forMainFrameOnly:NO];
[self.wkWebView.configuration.userContentController addUserScript:[self setCookie]];
[self.wkWebView loadRequest:request];
使用WKWebView需要注意的地方
Cookie问题
JS弹窗,需要全部现实WKUIDelegate的代理
#pragma mark - WKUIDelegate
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler{
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"提示" message:message?:@"" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"确认" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
completionHandler();
}])];
[self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL))completionHandler{
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"提示" message:message?:@"" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"取消" style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
completionHandler(NO);
}])];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"确认" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
completionHandler(YES);
}])];
[self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * _Nullable))completionHandler{
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:prompt message:@"" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alertController addTextFieldWithConfigurationHandler:^(UITextField * _Nonnull textField) {
textField.text = defaultText;
}];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"完成" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
completionHandler(alertController.textFields[0].text?:@"");
}])];
[self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
白屏问题
当WKWebView加载的网页占用内存过大时,会出现白屏现象。
解决:
A、借助 WKNavigtionDelegate: (void)webViewWebContentProcessDidTerminate:(WKWebView *)webView API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.11), ios(9.0));回调函数:
当 WKWebView 总体内存占用过大,页面即将白屏的时候,系统会调用上面的回调函数,我们在该函数里执行[webView reload](这个时候 webView.URL 取值尚不为 nil)解决白屏问题。在一些高内存消耗的页面可能会频繁刷新当前页面,H5侧也要做相应的适配操作。
B、检测 webView.title 是否为空:在WKWebView白屏的时候,另一种现象是 webView.titile 会被置空, 因此,可以在 viewWillAppear 的时候检测 webView.title 是否为空来 reload 页面
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