Websocket

作者: 皮皮力_996a | 来源:发表于2019-04-17 23:21 被阅读0次

    WebSocket是一种在单个TCP连接上进行全双工通信的协议。WebSocket通信协议于2011年被IETF定为标准RFC 6455,并由RFC7936补充规范。WebSocket API也被W3C定为标准。
    WebSocket使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单,允许服务端主动向客户端推送数据。在WebSocket API中,浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手,两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接,并进行双向数据传输。

    • 协议中,为我们实现即时服务带来了两大好处:
    1. Header
      互相沟通的Header是很小的-大概只有 2 Bytes
    2. Server Push
      服务器的推送,服务器不再被动的接收到浏览器的请求之后才返回数据,而是在有新数据时就主动推送给浏览器。

    WebSockets允许用户和服务器之间的流连接,并允许即时信息交换。在聊天应用程序的示例中,通过套接字汇集消息,可以实时与一个或多个用户交换,具体取决于谁在服务器上“监听”(连接)。
    WebSockets不仅限于聊天/消息传递应用程序。它们适用于需要实时更新和即时信息交换的任何应用程序。一些示例包括但不限于:现场体育更新,股票行情,多人游戏,聊天应用,社交媒体等等。

    tcp socket套接字
    http是单向传输协议:客户端->服务器,客户端request服务器response回去

    websocket双工通信双向的
    拉pull推push,http中做不了push(轮询,同源限制就是跨域)

    1.加pom依赖,新建模块:spring-boot-websocker

    image

    1.1.加依赖:

    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
       <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
       <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
       <version>1.18.6<version>
       <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
       <groupId>com.spring4all</groupId>
       <artifactId>swagger-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
       <version>1.8.0.RELEASE<version>
    </dependency>
    
    

    WebSocketConfig类

    package com.springboot.websocker.config;

    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;

    /**

    • WebSocket的配置类

    • 开启了WebSocket支持
      */
      @Configuration
      public class WebSocketConfig {

      @Bean
      public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() {
      return new ServerEndpointExporter();
      }

    }

    WebSocketServer类

    package com.springboot.websocker.config;

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

    import javax.websocket.*;
    import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;

    //客户端向服务器端建立WebSocket连接的url
    @ServerEndpoint("/websocket")
    @Component
    public class WebSocketServer {

    //静态变量,用来记录当前在线连接数,可选
    private static int onlineCount = 0;
    
    //concurrent包的线程安全Set,用来存放每个客户端对应的MyWebSocket对象,必须
    private static CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebSocketServer> webSocketSet
            = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebSocketServer>();
    
    //与某个客户端的连接会话,需要通过它来给客户端发送数据,必须
    private Session session;
    
    /**
     * 连接建立成功调用的方法
     */
    @OnOpen
    public void onOpen(Session session) {
        this.session = session;
        webSocketSet.add(this);     //将客户端加入set中
        addOnlineCount();           //在线数加1
        System.out.println("有新窗口开始监听,当前在线人数为"
                + getOnlineCount());
        try {
            sendMessage("连接成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("WebSocket IO异常");
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 连接关闭调用的方法
     */
    @OnClose
    public void onClose() {
        webSocketSet.remove(this);  //从set中删除
        subOnlineCount();           //在线数减1
        System.out.println("有连接关闭!当前在线人数为" + getOnlineCount());
    }
    
    /**
     * 收到客户端消息后调用的方法
     *
     * @param message 客户端发送过来的消息
     */
    @OnMessage
    public void onMessage(String message, Session session) {
        System.out.println("收到客户端的信息:" + message);
        //群发消息
        for (WebSocketServer item : webSocketSet) {
            try {
                item.sendMessage(message);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * @param session
     * @param error
     */
    @OnError
    public void onError(Session session, Throwable error) {
        System.out.println("发生错误");
        error.printStackTrace();
    }
    
    /**
     * 实现服务器主动推送
     */
    public void sendMessage(String message) throws IOException {
        this.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
    }
    
    /**
     * 群发自定义消息
     */
    public static void sendInfo(String message) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("推送消息内容:" + message);
        for (WebSocketServer item : webSocketSet) {
            try {
                item.sendMessage(message);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static synchronized int getOnlineCount() {
        return onlineCount;
    }
    
    public static synchronized void addOnlineCount() {
        WebSocketServer.onlineCount++;
    }
    
    public static synchronized void subOnlineCount() {
        WebSocketServer.onlineCount--;
    }
    

    }

    WebSocketController类

    package com.springboot.websocker.controller;

    import com.springboot.websocker.config.WebSocketServer;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

    import java.io.IOException;

    @RestController
    public class WebSocketController {

    //推送数据接口
    @GetMapping("/socket/push")
    public String pushMsg(String message) {
        try {
            WebSocketServer.sendInfo(message);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "success";
    }
    

    }

    底层统统不要捕获异常,所有的异常在controller捕获异常
    create和onload只执行一次
    前端代码:
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/font-awesome.min.css" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximun-scale=1">

    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>websocket示例</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
    <style type="text/css">
    /* 手机 /
    @media only screen and (min-width : 320px) {
    .col-xs-12{
    flex: 0 0 100%;
    }
    }
    /
    平板 /
    @media only screen and (min-width : 768px) {
    .col-md-6{
    flex: 0 0 50%;
    }
    }
    /
    中等屏幕 /
    @media only screen and (min-width : 992px) {
    .col-lg-4{
    flex: 0 0 33.33%;
    }
    }
    /
    宽屏设备 */
    @media only screen and (min-width : 1200px) {
    .col-xl-3{
    flex: 0 0 25%;
    }
    }
    body{
    background: url(img/20190414131210.png);
    }
    .header{
    right: 5px;
    left: 1px;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 40px;
    background-color:rgb(70,154,254);
    display:flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    }
    .header img{
    padding: 10upx;
    width: 25px;
    height: 25px;
    }
    .foot{
    margin-top: 400px;
    }
    .foots{
    height: 40px;
    width: 100%;
    right: 5px;
    left: 3px;
    position: absolute;
    background-color:rgb(70,154,254);
    }
    .foots img{
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
    padding: 12px;
    }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <div id="app">
    <div class="header">
    <div><img src="img/xiaoyuhao.png"/></div>
    <div>
    <img src="img/phone.png"/>
    <img src="img/people.png"/>
    </div>
    </div>
    <div id="box">
    <div id="pic">
    <h3>消息显示</h3>
    <ul>
    <li v-for="(message, index) in messages" :key="index">
    {{message}}
    </li>
    </ul>
    </div>
    </div>

            <div class="foot">
                <!-- <h3>发送消息 </h3> -->
                <input type="text" v-model="sendMsg" />
                <button type="button" @click="send">发送</button>
            </div>
            <div class="foots">
                <img src="img/voi.png"/>
                <img src="img/ablum.png"/>
                <img src="img/money.png"/>
                <img src="img/shipin.png"/>
                <img src="img/xiaolian.png"/>
            </div>
        </div>
        <script type="text/javascript">
            var socket;
            var app = new Vue({
                el: '#app',
                data: {
                    messages: [],
                    sendMsg: ''
                },
                created: function() {
                    var _this = this;
                    //创建WebSocket对象,指定要连接的服务器地址和端口,建立连接
                    socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.43.83:8080/websocket");
                    //打开连接
                    socket.onopen = function() {
                        console.log("Socket已打开");
    
                    };
                    //获得服务端推送的消息
                    socket.onmessage = function(msg) {
                        console.log(msg.data);
                        _this.messages.push(msg.data);
                        console.log(_this.messages);
                    };
                    //关闭连接
                    socket.onclose = function() {
                        console.log("Socket已关闭");
                    };
                    //发送错误
                    socket.onerror = function() {
                        alert("Socket发生了错误");
                    }
                },
                watch: {
                    // 如果 `messages` 发生改变,这个函数就会运行
                    messages: function(newMsg, oldMsg) {
                        this.messages = newMsg;
                    },
                },
                methods: {
                    send: function() {
                        socket.send(this.sendMsg);
                    }
                }
            })
        </script>
    </body>
    

    </html>

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          本文标题:Websocket

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