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Django(drf)配合 Vue Element 实现文件上传

Django(drf)配合 Vue Element 实现文件上传

作者: rollingstarky | 来源:发表于2021-03-13 23:09 被阅读0次

    后台代码

    Models

    编辑 models.py 代码,通过 FileField 字段记录文件信息:

    from django.db import models
    
    
    class FilesModel(models.Model):
        file = models.FileField(upload_to='uploads/')
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'files_storage'
            ordering = ['-id']
    
    Serializer

    这里使用 Django REST framework 实现后端 REST API,需要创建序列化器 serializers.py,内容如下:

    from rest_framework import serializers
    # files 是 app 的名字
    from files import models
    
    
    class FilesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.FilesModel
            fields = '__all__'
    
    Views

    编辑 views.py 代码,内容如下:

    from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
    from files import models, serializers
    
    
    class FileViewSet(ModelViewSet):
        queryset = models.FilesModel.objects.all()
        serializer_class = serializers.FilesSerializer
    
    Urls

    在 files 路径下新建 urls.py 文件,填写路由配置:

    from django.urls import include, path
    from rest_framework import routers
    from files import views
    
    router = routers.DefaultRouter()
    router.register(r'files', views.FileViewSet)
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('', include(router.urls))
    ]
    

    在项目总配置路径下(settings.py 所在的路径)编辑根路由配置文件 urls.py

    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path, include
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path('storage/', include('files.urls'))
    ]
    
    测试后端 API

    运行后台服务 python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000,访问 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/,界面如下:

    Django REST framework

    测试上传文件,效果如下:


    上传成功

    前端代码(手动上传)

    借助 Element UI 的 upload 组件,Vue 代码(index.vue)如下:

    <template>
      <div>
        <el-upload
          ref="upload"
          drag
          action="http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/"
          :auto-upload="false"
          :on-success="onSuccess"
        >
          <i class="el-icon-upload" />
          <div class="el-upload__text">将文件拖到此处,或<em>点击上传</em></div>
        </el-upload>
        <el-button style="margin-left: 10px;" size="small" type="success" @click="submitUpload">上传到服务器</el-button>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
    
    export default {
      name: 'UploadDemo',
      methods: {
        submitUpload() {
          this.$refs.upload.submit()
        },
        onSuccess() {
          this.$message.success('上传成功')
        }
      }
    }
    </script>
    

    其中 el-upload 组件的 action 属性用于指定后台 API 的 URI;
    :auto-upload 属性用于设置是否自动上传(这里设置为 false,手动触发上传动作);
    :on-success 属性用于指定上传成功后触发的方法。

    submitUpload() 中的 this.$refs.upload.submit() 方法触发文件上传动作。

    界面如下:


    上传界面

    测试文件上传:


    上传成功

    后台数据如下:

    [
        {
            "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/template.html",
            "id": 18
        },
        {
            "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/20171215091830_55126_hSnPtZR.png",
            "id": 17
        }
    ]
    

    文件上传的同时添加其他数据

    修改数据库模型

    编辑后端 models.py 文件,添加其他字段:

    from django.db import models
    
    
    class FilesModel(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='')
        file = models.FileField(upload_to='uploads/')
    
        class Meta:
            db_table = 'files_storage'
            ordering = ['-id']
    

    数据库迁移后,重启后台 Web 服务。

    后台数据如下:

    [
        {
            "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/template.html",
            "id": 18,
            "name": ""
        },
        {
            "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/20171215091830_55126_hSnPtZR.png",
            "id": 17,
            "name": ""
        }
    ]
    
    修改前端代码

    添加其他数据的输入界面,同时将附加数据绑定到 el-upload 组件中:

    <template>
      <div>
        <el-label>名称</el-label>
        <el-input v-model="fileData.name" style="width: 20%" />
        <el-upload
          ref="upload"
          drag
          class="upload-demo"
          action="http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/"
          :data="fileData"
          :auto-upload="false"
          :on-success="onSuccess"
          style="padding: 30px"
        >
          <i class="el-icon-upload" />
          <div class="el-upload__text">将文件拖到此处,或<em>点击上传</em></div>
        </el-upload>
        <el-button style="margin-left: 10px;" size="small" type="success" @click="submitUpload">上传到服务器</el-button>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
    
    export default {
      name: 'UploadDemo',
      data() {
        return {
          fileData: {
            name: ''
          }
        }
      },
      methods: {
        submitUpload() {
          this.$refs.upload.submit()
        },
        onSuccess() {
          this.$message.success('上传成功')
        }
      }
    }
    </script>
    

    其中 el-upload 组件的 :data 属性用于指定文件上传时附加的数据(类型为 JavaScript 对象)。

    文件上传测试:


    文件上传(带数据)

    上传完成,后台数据如下:

    [
        {
            "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/AnyDesk.exe",
            "id": 19,
            "name": "测试文件"
        },
        {
            "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/template.html",
            "id": 18,
            "name": ""
        },
        {
            "file": "http://172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/uploads/20171215091830_55126_hSnPtZR.png",
            "id": 17,
            "name": ""
        }
    ]
    

    文件下载

    修改后台视图代码(views.py),添加文件下载的 API 响应逻辑:

    from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
    from files import models, serializers
    from rest_framework.decorators import action
    from django.http import FileResponse
    
    
    class FileViewSet(ModelViewSet):
        queryset = models.FilesModel.objects.all()
        serializer_class = serializers.FilesSerializer
    
        @action(methods=['get', 'post'], detail=True)
        def download(self, request, pk=None, *args, **kwargs):
            file_obj = self.get_object()
            response = FileResponse(open(file_obj.file.path, 'rb'))
            return response
    

    此时访问 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8000/storage/files/[id]/download/ 链接,即可直接下载上传到服务器上的文件。

    下载文件
    $ curl -o anydesk.exe 172.20.23.34:8000/storage/files/19/download/
      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
    100 3584k  100 3584k    0     0   102M      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  102M
    

    参考资料

    Element UI 官方文档
    Django 官方文档

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