前提:LeakCanary 版本v2.4; Android 8.0
LeakCanary相信很多开发者都用过,也是目前为止我看到的一款最简单方便的简单内存泄漏的工具了,使用之后,会有以下几个问题:
1:LeakCanary的初始化在哪里?
较早之前使用leankCanary时,在Application中,会有一个初始化的代码,但在后来2.0版本之后,初始化的代码没了,但确不影响我们使用。难道是后续不需要初始化了?
其实初始化还是有的,只是后续的版本,利用了Android app的启动流程中的机制,将自身的初始化放入的provider中。在app启动时,会优先初始化app中的provider,正是利用这一特性,所以才不用我们写初始化的代码
image.png
2:初始化的provider在哪里?干了什么事情?
我们可以去github中找一下相关的provider或者在Android Studio引入的leakcanary包中,在相应的mainfest中找一下provider
image.png
从上图已标出初始化的provider为 AppWatchInstaller$MainProcess
注意:在有的文章中,会说初始化的工程是leakcanar-leaksentry下面的LeakSentryInstaller,我也被这些文章弄的差点错了,后来翻看LeakCanary的github各版本修改日志发现,确实以前初始化的provider是LeakSentryInstall,但仅限于在2.0 Alpha各版本中,在2.0 Beta版之后,就统一改了。
这个大家要注意一些了。
那究竟初始化都做了些什么。
fun install(application: Application) {
checkMainThread()
if (this::application.isInitialized) {
return
}
SharkLog.logger = DefaultCanaryLog()
InternalAppWatcher.application = application
val configProvider = { AppWatcher.config }
ActivityDestroyWatcher.install(application, objectWatcher, configProvider)
FragmentDestroyWatcher.install(application, objectWatcher, configProvider)
onAppWatcherInstalled(application)
}
跟进代码可以发现,这里做了最关键的一步,xxxDestroyWatcher的注册。在xxxDestroyWatcher中,对Activity,Fragment做了相应的保存,并监听它他的生命周期。
3:检查内存泄漏的原理是什么?
我们在使用WeakReference或PhantomReference时,会发现他们有一个构造方法是这样的:
public class WeakReference<T> extends Reference<T> {
public WeakReference(T referent) {
super(referent);
}
public WeakReference(T referent, ReferenceQueue<? super T> q) {
super(referent, q);
}
}
我们发现,第二个构造方法中,需要传入一个ReferenceQueue的构造方法。这个RefereneQueue就是检查内存泄漏用的。当对象被回收之后,就会把对象放到这个ReferenceQueue中来,所以如果Activity在onDestroy后,如果没有被回收,由在队列中就没有该Activity,那么就可以认为存在内存泄漏。
4:LeakCanary是如何检测的?
ActivityDestroyWatcher
private val lifecycleCallbacks =
object : Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks by noOpDelegate() {
override fun onActivityDestroyed(activity: Activity) {
if (configProvider().watchActivities) {
objectWatcher.watch(
activity, "${activity::class.java.name} received Activity#onDestroy() callback"
)
}
}
}
从代码中可以看到,当监听到activity的destroy后,就会执行相应的objectWatch.watch来做一些处理,但真正判断内存泄漏的地方却不在这里。
在InternalAppWatcher.install方法中,除了调用xxxDestroyWatch外,还有一段代码onAppWatcherInstalled(application),看代码其实就是InternalLeakCanary的invoke。
override fun invoke(application: Application) {
_application = application
checkRunningInDebuggableBuild()
AppWatcher.objectWatcher.addOnObjectRetainedListener(this)
val heapDumper = AndroidHeapDumper(application, createLeakDirectoryProvider(application))
val gcTrigger = GcTrigger.Default
val configProvider = { LeakCanary.config }
val handlerThread = HandlerThread(LEAK_CANARY_THREAD_NAME)
handlerThread.start()
val backgroundHandler = Handler(handlerThread.looper)
heapDumpTrigger = HeapDumpTrigger(
application, backgroundHandler, AppWatcher.objectWatcher, gcTrigger, heapDumper,
configProvider
)
application.registerVisibilityListener { applicationVisible ->
this.applicationVisible = applicationVisible
heapDumpTrigger.onApplicationVisibilityChanged(applicationVisible)
}
registerResumedActivityListener(application)
addDynamicShortcut(application)
disableDumpHeapInTests()
}
在这里面初始化了heapDumper,gcTrigger,heapDumpTrigger等对象用于gc和heapDump,同时还实现了OnObjectRetainedListener,并把自己添加到了上面的onObjectRetainedListeners中,以便每个对象moveToRetained的时候,InternalLeakCanary都能获取到onObjectRetained()的回调,回调里就只是回调了heapDumpTrigger.onObjectRetained()方法。看来都是依赖于HeapDumpTrigger这个类。
HeapDumpTrigger的主逻辑在checkRetainedObjects
private fun checkRetainedObjects(reason: String) {
val config = configProvider()
// A tick will be rescheduled when this is turned back on.
if (!config.dumpHeap) {
SharkLog.d { "Ignoring check for retained objects scheduled because $reason: LeakCanary.Config.dumpHeap is false" }
return
}
var retainedReferenceCount = objectWatcher.retainedObjectCount
if (retainedReferenceCount > 0) {
gcTrigger.runGc()
retainedReferenceCount = objectWatcher.retainedObjectCount
}
if (checkRetainedCount(retainedReferenceCount, config.retainedVisibleThreshold)) return
if (!config.dumpHeapWhenDebugging && DebuggerControl.isDebuggerAttached) {
onRetainInstanceListener.onEvent(DebuggerIsAttached)
showRetainedCountNotification(
objectCount = retainedReferenceCount,
contentText = application.getString(
R.string.leak_canary_notification_retained_debugger_attached
)
)
scheduleRetainedObjectCheck(
reason = "debugger is attached",
rescheduling = true,
delayMillis = WAIT_FOR_DEBUG_MILLIS
)
return
}
val now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis()
val elapsedSinceLastDumpMillis = now - lastHeapDumpUptimeMillis
if (elapsedSinceLastDumpMillis < WAIT_BETWEEN_HEAP_DUMPS_MILLIS) {
onRetainInstanceListener.onEvent(DumpHappenedRecently)
showRetainedCountNotification(
objectCount = retainedReferenceCount,
contentText = application.getString(R.string.leak_canary_notification_retained_dump_wait)
)
scheduleRetainedObjectCheck(
reason = "previous heap dump was ${elapsedSinceLastDumpMillis}ms ago (< ${WAIT_BETWEEN_HEAP_DUMPS_MILLIS}ms)",
rescheduling = true,
delayMillis = WAIT_BETWEEN_HEAP_DUMPS_MILLIS - elapsedSinceLastDumpMillis
)
return
}
SharkLog.d { "Check for retained objects found $retainedReferenceCount objects, dumping the heap" }
dismissRetainedCountNotification()
dumpHeap(retainedReferenceCount, retry = true)
}
那么HeapDumpTrigger主要是下面几个功能:
- 后台线程轮询当前还存活着的对象
- 如果存活的对象大于0,那就触发一次GC操作,回收掉没有泄露的对象
- GC完后,仍然存活着的对象数和预定的对象数相比较,如果多了就调用heapDumper.dumpHeap()方法把对象dump成文件,并交给HeapAnalyzerService去分析
- 根据存活情况展示通知
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