✸✸ VISIT any culinary establishment in Budapest and some of the reasons why Hungary is the most obese country in Europe will soon become clear. In the coffee houses, you’ll see dobostorta, a five-layer chocolate buttercream concoction topped with glazed caramel; somloi galuska, a chocolate and rum sponge cake; and gesztenyepure, a chestnut purée served with whipped cream. In markets you can buy slabs of fried dough covered in cheese, bread served with goose fat and lumps of lard and, of course, lashings of goulash.
1) culinary 英 [ˈkʌlɪnəri] 美 [ˈkʌlɪneri] adj.厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的
She was keen to acquire more advanced culinary skills
她热切渴望学到更高超的烹饪技巧。
2) concoction 英 [kənˈkɒkʃn] 美 [kənˈkɑ:kʃn] n.混合;调合;调合物
She enjoyed the concoction of foreign dishes.
她喜欢调制外国菜。
3) rum 英 [rʌm] 美 [rʌm] n.朗姆酒 adj.古怪的，奇特的;难对付的;蹩脚的
It was a joke, of course, but surely a rum sort of joke?
这当然是个玩笑，但是这个玩笑也太奇怪了吧？
4) lashings 英 ['læʃɪŋz] 美 ['læʃɪŋz] n.大量;许多;<主英口>很多，大量;鞭打( lashing的名词复数 );痛斥
We made a tour of the yacht, checking lashings and emergency gear.
我们在那艘游艇上四处看了看，检查了它的系索和应急装置。
5) lump of clay 木头人，死板的人;肉身；泥土之身(对人体的蔑称，源自《圣经》)
The potter shaped and squeezed the lump of clay into a graceful shape.
制陶工人把黏土块捏塑成优美的形状。
✸✸ According to new data released by the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, almost two-thirds of Hungarians are overweight and nearly a third are obese. Hungarians eat fewer vegetables than most people in the rich world and more salt than any other EU state. Educated Hungarian men are at least as likely to be overweight as their unschooled male compatriots. Uneducated Hungarian women are 60% likelier to be obese than educated women; in slim Italy uneducated women are three times more likely to be obese. Hungarians’ life expectancy is five years below the EU average: 76.
✸✸ In 2011Viktor Orban, the prime minister, declared that those who “live unhealthily” would have to pay more tax. That year his government, led by the populist Fidesz party, introduced one of the broadest levies on unhealthy foods in the world. Dubbed the “chips tax” it applies to sugar, salt, fat, booze and energy drinks. The rate changes depending on the type of food: the tax adds 250 forints ($0.91) to the cost of a litre of energy drink, for instance, and 500 forints to the cost of a kilogram of jam.
1) levy on 英 [ˈli:vi ɔn] 美 [ˈlɛvi ɑn] 向某人征收（税款等）;<正>依法扣押（物品等）
Most people think of corporation tax as a levy on capital.
大多数人认为公司税是对资本征的一种税。
2) depending on 依据，根据
I tend to have a different answer, depending on the family
根据家庭的不同，我往往会给出不同的答案。
✸✸ The policy has had some success. One review showed that 40% of manufacturers tweaked their recipes to use fewer unhealthy ingredients. Another study found that consumers shifted to cheaper, often healthier products. Three years after the tax was introduced, the consumption of sugary drinks had fallen by a tenth, says Michele Cecchini, an analyst at the OECD. By 2015 the tax had generated 61.3bn forints to help cover the cost of public health care.
1) tweak 英 [twi:k] 美 [twik] n.捏;拧;扭;苦恼 vt.稍稍调整（机器、系统等）
He tweaked Guy's ear roughly
他粗暴地扯盖伊的耳朵。
2) shift to 英 [ʃift tu:] 美 [ʃɪft tu] 转入
They see the shift to the right as a worldwide phenomenon.
他们认为政治上的右翼倾向是一个世界现象。
短语：shift to an earlier date 提前
shift to an earlier time 提早
shift to the left 英 [ʃift tu: ðə left] 美 [ʃɪft tu ði lɛft] 白细胞左移，左移
And his choices are reassuring, especially for those who feared a shift to the left.
奥巴马做出了让人安心的选择，特别是对于那些担心他会出现政治左倾趋势的人来说。
✸✸ Other European countries are also attempting to trim waistlines by performing pays liposuction. In 2011Denmark introduced a tax on saturated fats. Just15 months later, however, as prices rose and Danes began popping over to Germany or Sweden to load up on lard, the policy was abandoned. In 2018 Britain (the second most obese country in Europe) will introduce a sugar tax that is expected to add 8p to a 70p can of Coke. Spain and Estonia have announced similar plans. Hungary’s example may tip the scales in Europe’s fight against fat. Hold the dumplings and pass the cucumber salad.
1） attempt to 英 [əˈtempt tu:] 美 [əˈtɛmpt tu] 尝试，企图;试图做某事
He made no attempt to conceal his dislike of me
他毫不掩饰对我的厌恶。
2） trim 英 [trɪm] 美 [trɪm] vt.装饰;修剪;整理 adj.整齐的，整洁的;修长的;苗条的 n.修剪;整齐;健康状态;装束 vi.削减
The neighbours 'gardens were trim and neat.
邻居们的花园整洁美观。
短语 ：trim off 英 [trim ɔf] 美 [trɪm ɔf] 修剪
Trim off the excess pastry using a sharp knife
用一把快刀切去多余的饼皮。
trim up 修整;把 … 打扮得整整齐齐
Just trim it up a bit.
就只要修掉一点。
trim in 英 [trim in] 美 [trɪm ɪn] 把（木板等）整齐嵌入[镶入]
With minimum-wage income, he finds little fat to trim in his budget.
以他最低工资的收入，他的预算没有再削减的馀地。
3） pop over 英 [pɔp ˈəuvə] 美 [pɑp ˈovɚ] <口>（到…）去一下，作短暂的访问
I'll pop over and see you this evening.
我今晚就赶去看你。
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