简介
所谓原型模式就是用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过复制这些原型创建新的对象。举一个简单的例子,一个人想要批量分发自己的名片,然而名片千篇一律,只是偶尔修改一些地方,但需求量大,所以需要不断实例化名片类,十分麻烦,所以这就有了原型模式。原型模式旨在以某一类为原型,利用Clone成员函数不断拷贝出新对象。
在C++中,有浅拷贝和深拷贝两种拷贝模式,默认赋值采用浅拷贝的方法,但浅拷贝会共享分配的堆栈空间,析构时会两次释放空间导致程序崩溃,所以原型模式一般直接使用深拷贝,由拷贝构造函数实现。
下面我们就以印名片为例子为大家讲解一下原型模式的用法。
图示
原型模式图示代码实现
////////////////////////////
//
// FileName : ProtoTypeDefine.h
// Editor : PeterZheng
// Date : 2018/8/16 18:00
//
////////////////////////////
#pragma once
#ifndef PROTOTYPE_H_
#define PROTOTYPE_H_
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#define MAX_LENGTH 255
//克隆抽象类
class ProtoType
{
public:
virtual ProtoType* Clone() = 0;
};
//克隆具体实现类(名片类)
class ConcreteProtoType
{
public:
int age;
char* name;
char* school;
ConcreteProtoType(int a, const char* name, const char* school)
{
this->age = a;
this->name = new char[MAX_LENGTH];
this->school = new char[MAX_LENGTH];
ZeroMemory(this->name, MAX_LENGTH);
ZeroMemory(this->school, MAX_LENGTH);
strcpy_s(this->name, MAX_LENGTH, name);
strcpy_s(this->school, MAX_LENGTH, school);
}
ConcreteProtoType(const ConcreteProtoType& pt)
{
this->age = pt.age;
this->name = new char[MAX_LENGTH];
this->school = new char[MAX_LENGTH];
ZeroMemory(this->name, MAX_LENGTH);
ZeroMemory(this->school, MAX_LENGTH);
strcpy_s(this->name, MAX_LENGTH, pt.name);
strcpy_s(this->school, MAX_LENGTH, pt.school);
}
~ConcreteProtoType() {}
ConcreteProtoType* Clone()
{
return new ConcreteProtoType(*this);
}
void Show()
{
std::cout << "Name: " << this->name << std::endl << "Age: " << this->age << std::endl << "School: " << this->school << std::endl;
}
};
////////////////////////////
//
// FileName : ProtoTypeDemo.cpp
// Editor : PeterZheng
// Date : 2018/8/16 19:22
//
////////////////////////////
#include "ProtoTypeDefine.h"
using namespace std;
int main(void)
{
ConcreteProtoType *mp1 = new ConcreteProtoType(28, "XiaoMin", "CMU");
ConcreteProtoType *mp2 = mp1->Clone();
//名片的学校需要改为MIT
ConcreteProtoType *mp3 = new ConcreteProtoType(28, "XiaoMin", "MIT");
ConcreteProtoType *mp4 = mp3->Clone();
mp1->Show();
cout << endl;
mp2->Show();
cout << endl;
mp3->Show();
cout << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
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