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EventBus简析

EventBus简析

作者: 憨人_Vivam | 来源:发表于2018-12-10 18:07 被阅读0次

    概述

    EventBus 是适用于Android与Java的一款发布/订阅式事件总线。官方给出的演示图如下:

    EventBus-Publish-Subscribe.png

    EventBus有如下特点(翻译自官方文档,语言水平不足,请见谅):

    • 简化各组件之间的通信:
      • 解藕事件发送者和接收者
      • ActivitiesFragments以及后台线程中表现良好
      • 避免了复杂和易于出错的依赖及生命周期问题
    • 简化代码编写
    • 更快
    • 更小(~50k jar)
    • 通过100,000,000+已安装应用的实践证明
    • 拥有诸如线程交付、订阅者优先级等高级功能

    使用示例

    添加依赖库

    在app的build.gradle中添加依赖库:

    compile 'org.greenrobot:eventbus:3.1.1'
    

    定义事件类

    定义需要传输的事件,通常包含get()方法,用以获取传输的对象。

    public class MessageEvent {
        MessageBean mMessage;
    
        public MessageEvent(MessageBean message) {
            this.mMessage = message;
        }
    
        public MessageBean getMessage() {
            return mMessage;
        }
    }
    
    public class MessageBean {
        public String title;
        public String message;
    }
    

    订阅

    在需要接收事件的组件中,需要注册订阅者,这里我们在ActivityonCreate()中注册:

    @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            ...
            EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
        }
    

    通常有注册的地方,都不要忘了解注册,我们在onCreate()中注册,相应的就应该在onDestroy()中解注册:

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
    }
    

    注册了之后,需要添加对事件的处理,EventBus 3.0之前是通过约定的方法名来实现的,订阅者需要实现如下方法:

    public void onEvent(MessageBean message) {
        ...
    }
    

    3.0之后,EventBus改用注解的方式:

    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
    public void onEvent(MessageBean message) {
        mTextView.setText(message.title + "\n" + message.message);
    }
    

    发布事件

    发布事件十分简单,构建发布对象,调用EventBuspost()方法即可:

    MessageBean message = new MessageBean();
    message.title = "MessageBean";
    message.message = "HelloWorld";                
    EventBus.getDefault().post(message);
    

    如此,便完成了一个简单的事件发布、订阅流程,更多详细操作请参阅官方文档

    接下来我们便对EventBus的代码进行解析。

    解析

    首先看下注册订阅者做了哪些操作。

    订阅

    EventBus

    先来看下EventBus维护的几个映射表:

    • Map<Class<?>, CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>> subscriptionsByEventType:该表维护了一个事件类型到Subscription对象的映射表,事件类型即订阅方法(@Subscribe标识的方法)中的参数类型,Subscription类封装了一个订阅者与一个订阅方法。
    • Map<Object, List<Class<?>>> typesBySubscriber:该表维护了一个订阅者到事件类型的映射表。
    • Map<Class<?>, Object> stickyEvents:粘性事件类型到事件的映射表(调用postSticky()时用到)。

    订阅/发布的时候,我们发现都是通过EventBus.getDefault()方法获取到EventBus实例,再进行相应操作的,可见EventBus使用了单例模式,并且是线程安全的双重锁模式:

    public static EventBus getDefault() {
        if (defaultInstance == null) {
            synchronized (EventBus.class) {
                if (defaultInstance == null) {
                    defaultInstance = new EventBus();
                }
            }
        }
        return defaultInstance;
    }
    

    获取到EventBus实例后,组件需要调用register()方法将自己注册为订阅者,我们来看下register()做了什么:

    private void register(Object subscriber) {
        // 获取订阅者Class对象
        Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
        // 获取订阅者的订阅方法
        List<SubscriberMethod subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
        synchronized (this) {
            for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
                // 对订阅者中的每个订阅方法进行订阅
                subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod):
            }
        }
    }
    

    register()方法主要是获取订阅者的订阅方法,然后调用subscirbe()方法进行订阅操作。

    private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
        Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
        // Step 1:构建Subscription对象并添加到subscriptionsByEventType表中
        Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
        if (subscriptions == null) {
            subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
            subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
        } else {
            if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
                throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
                            + eventType);
            }
        }
    
        int size = subscriptions.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            // 按订阅优先级高低插入到队列中
            if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
                subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
                break;
            }
        }
    
        // Step 2:将事件类型添加到typesBySubscriber表中
        List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
        if (subscribedEvents == null) {
            subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
            typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
        }
        subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
        // Step 3: 如果是粘性事件(@Subscribe(sticky = true))
        // 且stickyEvents表中存在该事件,则发布粘性事件
        if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
            ...
        }
    }
    

    看下来发现, 其实注册订阅者就是把订阅者的Class对象以及查找到的订阅方法添加到subscriptionsByEventType表以及typesBySubscriber表中。

    接下来看下是怎么找到订阅方法的。

    SubscriberMethodFinder

    SubscriberMethodFinder,顾名思义,订阅方法查找器,通过该类的一些方法调用可以找到订阅者的订阅方法,我们主要看下findSubscriberMethods()方法:

    List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
        // 先查看缓存中是否有订阅方法,如果有的话直接返回,不再查找
        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMEthods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
        if (subscriberMethods != null) {
            return subscriberMethods;
        }
        // ignoreGeneratedIndex默认为false
        if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
            subscriberMethods = findUsingRefelction(subscriberClass);
        } else {
            subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
        }
        if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
            throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
                        + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
        } else {
            METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
            return subscriberMethods;
        }
    }
    

    ·SubscriberMethodFinder·维护了一个METHOD_CACHE映射表,用来存放订阅者到订阅方法的映射。查找订阅方法时,首先会看下缓存中是否有该方法,如果有的话,就不再查找,直接返回缓存的方法列表。
    这里需要注意的是,注册了订阅者的类必须实现订阅方法,否则运行时会抛出异常。
    查找方法时根据ignoreGeneratedIndex的值决定是调用findUsingReflection()方法还是使用findUsingInfo()方法。ignoreGeneratedIndex默认为false,初始化EventBus时可通过Builder自定义。findUsingReflection()findUsingInfo()最终调用的都是findUsingReflectionInSingleClass()方法,通过反射来查找订阅方法:

    private void  findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
        Method[] methods;
        try {
            // 比getMethods()更快,尤其当订阅者是Activitity之类的fat classes(?)
            methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
        } catch (Throwable th) {
            methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
            findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
        }
        ...
    }
    

    首先通过订阅者的类对象获取订阅者的方法列表,接下去就对这些方法进行过滤:

    private void  findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
        ...
        for (Method method : methods) {
            // 获取方法的修饰符public/private/abstract/...
            int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
            // 只有以public修饰,且非abstract、static或编译器合成的方法
            if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
                Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
                if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
                    // 获取@Subscribe注解的参数
                    Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
                    if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
                        Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
                        if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
                            // 满足这些条件之后,将该方法作为@Subscriber方法添加到列表里
                            ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
                            findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
                                        subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
                    }
                } 
                // @Subscribe 方法有且仅有1个参数
                else if (strictMethodVerification & method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                    String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
                    throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
                                "must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
                }
            } 
            // @Subscribe 方法不合法,必须是public、非static、非abstract
            else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
                throw new EventBusException(methodName +
                            " is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
            }
        }
    }
    

    由上可以看到我们注册订阅时必须满足以下条件:

    1. 订阅者必须定义订阅方法
    2. 订阅方法必须是public、非static、非abstract的
    3. 订阅方法必须有且仅有一个参数,该参数的类型即为事件类型
    4. 订阅方法由@Subscribe注解标识

    事件分发

    接下来我们来了解下事件是如何分发的

    post()

    先来看下post()方法

    public void post(Object event) {
        PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
        // 事件队列
        List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
        eventQueue.add(event);
    
        if (!postingState.isPosting) {
            // 是否主线程
            postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
            postingState.isPosting = true;
            if (postingState.canceled) {
                throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
            }
            try {
                // 循环分发事件
                while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
                    postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
                }
            } finally {
                postingState.isPosting = false;
                postingState.isMainThread = false;
            }
        }
    }
    

    可以看到,EventBus首先会将事件加入到一个eventQueue列表中,然后循环分发事件队列。

    private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) {
        Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
        boolean subscriptionFound = false;
        if (eventInheritance) {
            // 如果支持事件继承,则层层往上查找它的父类或接口,
            // 只要其中一个父类有被注册即可
            List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
            int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
            for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
                Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
                subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
            }
        } else {
            subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
        }
        if (!subscriptionFound) {
            ...
        }
    }
    

    首先判断是否支持事件继承(默认不支持),如果支持的话,会层层往上获取父类或接口,并对每个父类进行post操作,具体的操作位于postSingleEventForEventType()方法中:

    private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
        // 获取该事件类型对应的Subscription对象
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
        synchronized (this) {
            subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
        }
        if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
            // 将事件发送到每个订阅者的订阅方法中
            for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
                postingState.event = event;
                postingState.subscription = subscription;
                boolean aborted = false;
                try {
                    postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
                    aborted = postingState.canceled;
                } finally {
                    postingState.event = null;
                    postingState.subscripiton = null;
                    postingState.canceled = false;
                }
                // 如果事件取消了,则中断发送
                if (aborted) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            // 找到了事件的订阅者,返回true
            return true;
        }
        // 没有事件相关订阅者,返回false
        return false;
    }
    

    postSingleEventForEventType()方法主要是从subscriptionsByEventType映射表中取出事件对应的订阅列表,一一发送事件,发送事件的具体实现在postToSubscription()方法中:

    private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
        switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
            case POSTING:
                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                break;
            case MAIN:
                if (isMainThread) {
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case MAIN_ORDERED:
                if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    // temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case  BACKGROUND:
                if (isMainThread) {
                    backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                } else {
                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
                }
                break;
            case  ASYNC:
                asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
        }
    }
    

    这里根据订阅方法@Subscribe注解中threadMode的参数来决定发送的方式,threadMode有以下几种类型:

    • POSTING:默认值,订阅者与发送者在同一进程,直接调用订阅方法。
    • MAIN:订阅者将在主线程调用,如果发送者也在主线程,则直接调用订阅方法;否则将事件加入队列中等待分发。
    • MAIN_ORDERED:订阅者在主线程调用,与MAIN模式的区别在于,事件总是被加入队列中等待分发。
    • BACKGROUND:订阅者将在后台线程中调用。如果发送线程不是主线程,则直接分发事件,否则加到队列中等待。
    • ASYNC:订阅者将在一个单独的线程中被调用,并且该线程独立于主线程和分发线程。如果订阅者处理耗时长的事件时,建议使用这种模式,例如网络访问。为了防止触发大量异步线程,EventBus采用线程池的方式来管理这些订阅线程。

    根据以上的代码可以轻松地理解这几种模式的特点。

    接下来我们分别看下几种分发方式。

    直接调用

    void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
        try {
            subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscripiton.subscriber, event);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
        }
    }
    

    直接调用很简单,就是根据之前记录的类名、方法名,通过反射方法直接调用。

    主线程分发器

    主线程分发器 -- mainThreadPoster,主要用于ThreadMode.MAINThreadMode.MAIN_ORDERED模式,它的类型是HandlerPoster,我们来看下它的实现:

    public class HandlerPoster extends Handler implements Poster {
        // 自定义的阻塞队列
        private final PendingPostQueue queue;
        private final int maxMillisInsideHandleMessage;
        private final EventBus eventBus;
        private boolean handlerActive;
        
        protected HandlerPoster(EventBus eventBus, Looper looper, int maxMillisInsideHandleMessage) {
            super(looper);
            this.eventBus = eventBus;
            this.maxMillisInsideHandleMessage = maxMillisInsideHandleMessage;
            queue = new PendingPostQueue();
        }
      
        public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
            // 构建挂起事件
            PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
            synchronized (this) {
                // 添加到阻塞队列
                queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
                if (!handlerActive) {
                    handlerActive = true;
                    // 发送消息
                    if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                        throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            boolean rescheduled = false;
            try {
                // 开始时间
                long started = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
                // 开始轮循
                while (true) {
                    // 取出队首,如果队列为空,则阻塞
                    PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
                    if (pendingPost == null) {
                        synchronized (this) {
                            // Check again, this time in synchronized
                            pendingPost = queue.poll();
                            if (pendingPost == null) {
                                handlerActive = false;
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // 调用订阅方法
                    eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
                    long timeInMethod = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - started;
                    // 当轮循时间等于或大于maxMillisInsideHandleMessage时
                    // 重新发送消息
                    if (timeInMethod >= maxMillisInsideHandleMessage) {
                        if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage())) {
                            throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
                        }
                        rescheduled = true;
                        return;
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                handlerActive = rescheduled;
            }
        }
    }
    

    可以看出来,mainThreadPoster 就是使用Handler机制,利用主线程的looper来分发事件。

    后台分发器

    backgroundPoster用于ThreadMode.BACKGROUND模式,BackgroundPoster类型。与HandlerPoster相似,它也维护了一个PendingPostQueue队列,我们主要看下它的enqueue()run()方法。

    final class BackgroundPoster implements Runnable, Poster {
        ...
        public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
            PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
            synchronized (this) {
                queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
                // 如果线程已在执行,不再添加
                if (!executorRunning) {
                    executorRunning = true;
                    // 调用EventBus的线程池来处理该Runnable
                    eventBus.getExecutorService().execute(this);
                }
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                try {
                    while (true) {
                        // 取出队首,如果队列为空,则阻塞
                        PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll(1000);
                        if (pendingPost == null) {
                            synchronized (this) {
                                // Check again, this time in synchronized
                                pendingPost = queue.poll();
                                if (pendingPost == null) {
                                    executorRunning = false;
                                    return;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        // 调用订阅方法
                        eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    eventBus.getLogger().log(Level.WARNING, Thread.currentThread().getName() + " was interruppted", e);
                }
            } finally {
                executorRunning = false;
            }
        }
    }
    

    BackgroundPoster的实现可以看出,它是在后台线程调用订阅方法的,并由EventBus的线程池来管理,默认使用的是CachedThreadPool

    private final static ExecutorService DEFAULT_EXECUTOR_SERVICE = 
              Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    

    异步分发器

    asyncPoster用于处理ThreadMode.ASYNC模式的订阅方法,它是AsyncPoster对象,这里也直接看enqueu()run()方法。

    class AsyncPoster implements Runnable, Poster {
        ...
        public void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
            PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
            queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
            eventBus.getExecutorService().execute(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run() {
            PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
            if(pendingPost == null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("No pending post available");
            }
            eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
        }
    }
    

    可以看到,AsyncPoster虽然也实现了Runnable,但它与BackgroundPoster最明显的区别在于,调用enqueue()时,backgroundPoster将事件添加到队列中后,会判断当前线程是否已在运行,如果是的话,将不再加入线程池。而AsyncPoster则是每一次调用enqueue()时,都会往线程池添加一个对象,来将当前事件分发到对应的订阅方法中。

    解注册

    最后再说一下解注册。
    我们前面说到,注册订阅者就是把订阅者的Class对象以及查找到的订阅方法添加到subscriptionsByEventType表以及typesBySubscriber表中。那么,很显然,解注册就是把订阅者相关信息从表中删除。

    public synchronized void unregister(Object subscriber) {
        List<Class<?>> subscribedTypes = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
        if (subscribedTypes != null) {
            for (Class<?> eventType : subscribedTypes) {
                // 从subscriptionsByEventType中移除相关信息
                unsubscribeByEventType(subscriber, eventType);
            }
            typesBySubscriber.remove(subscriber);
        } else {
            logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Subscriber to unregister was not registered before: " + subscriber.getClass());
        }
    }
    

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