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iOS 数组的基本用法

iOS 数组的基本用法

作者: 齐云霄霄 | 来源:发表于2023-03-14 11:00 被阅读0次

    1、数组的创建

         // 创建一个空的数组
         NSArray *array = [NSArray array];
         // 创建有1个元素的数组
         array = [NSArray arrayWithObject:@"123"];
         // 创建有多个元素的数组
         array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a", @"b", @"c", nil];
         NSArray *array3 = [array arrayByAddingObjectsFromArray:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"4", @"5", nil]];
         
         NSArray *array4 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1", @"2", @"3", @"4", nil];
         NSRange range = NSMakeRange(1, 2);
         NSArray *array5 = [array4 subarrayWithRange:range];
    

    2、数组的一些基本方法

        int count = [array count];//个数
        // 判断是否包含了某个元素
        if ([array containsObject:@"a"]) {
            NSLog(@"包含了字符串a");
        }
        NSString *last = [array lastObject];最后一个元素
        NSString *str = [array objectAtIndex:1];根据索引获取数组中的元素
        int index = [array indexOfObject:@"c"];获取指定元素的索引
        // 让数组里面的所有对象都调用test方法,123为参数
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1, stu2, stu3, nil];
        [array makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(test2:) withObject:@"123"];
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1", @"2", @"3", @"4", nil];
        // 1-2-3-4
        // 利用分隔符-拼接所有的数组元素
        NSString *str = [array componentsJoinedByString:@"-"];
        // 将一个数组写入文件(生成的是一个xml文件)
        NSString *path = @"/Users/apple/Desktop/array.xml";
        [array writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
        path = @"/Users/apple/Desktop/array.txt";
        // 从文件中读取数组内容(文件有严格的格式要求)
        NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
    

    3、遍历数组

        #pragma mark 遍历数组1
        void arrayFor1() {
            NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1, @"1", @"2", @"3", nil];
            int count = array.count;
            for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
                id obj = [array objectAtIndex:i];
            }
        }
         
        #pragma mark 遍历数组2 快速遍历
        void arrayFor2() {
            Student *stu1 = [Student student];
            NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1, @"1", @"2", @"3", nil];
            int i =0;
            for (id obj in array) {
                NSLog(@"%i-%@", i, obj);
                i++;
            }
        }
         
        #pragma mark 遍历数组3
        void arrayFor3() {
            Student *stu1 = [Student student];
            NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1, @"1", @"2", @"3", nil];
            [array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:
             ^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
                NSLog(@"%i-%@", idx, obj);
                 // 如果索引为1,就停止遍历
                 if (idx == 1) {
                     // 利用指针修改外面BOOL变量的值
                     *stop = YES;
                 }
            }];
        }
         
        #pragma mark 遍历数组4
        void arrayFor4() {
            Student *stu1 = [Student student];
            NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1, @"1", @"2", @"3", nil];
            // 获取数组的迭代器
            // NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];
            // 反序迭代器(从尾部开始遍历元素)
            NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];
            // allObjects是取出没有被遍历过的对象
            NSArray *array2 = [enumerator allObjects];
            NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);
            // 获取下一个需要遍历的元素
            id obj = nil;
            while (obj = [enumerator nextObject]) {
                NSLog(@"obj=%@", obj);
            }
        }
    

    4、数组排序

        #pragma mark 数组排序1
        void arraySort1() {
            NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"2", @"3", @"1", @"4", nil];
         
            // 返回一个排好序的数组,原来数组的元素顺序不会改变
            // 指定元素的比较方法:compare:
            NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
            NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);
        }
         
        #pragma mark 数组排序2
        void arraySort2() {
            Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"MingJie" lastname:@"Li"];
            Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LongHu" lastname:@"Huang"];
            Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LianJie" lastname:@"Li"];
            Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"Jian" lastname:@"Xiao"];
            NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, stu4, nil];
            // 指定排序的比较方法
            NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareStudent:)];
            NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);
        }
        - (NSComparisonResult)compareStudent:(Student *)stu {
            // 先按照姓排序
            NSComparisonResult result = [self.lastname compare:stu.lastname];
            // 如果有相同的姓,就比较名字
            if (result == NSOrderedSame) {
                result = [self.firstname compare:stu.firstname];
            }
            return result;
        }
         
        #pragma mark 数组排序3
        void arraySort3() {
            Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"MingJie" lastname:@"Li"];
            Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LongHu" lastname:@"Huang"];
            Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LianJie" lastname:@"Li"];
            Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"Jian" lastname:@"Xiao"];
            NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, stu4, nil];
         
            // 利用block进行排序
            NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingComparator:
             ^NSComparisonResult(Student *obj1, Student *obj2) {
                 // 先按照姓排序
                 NSComparisonResult result = [obj1.lastname compare:obj2.lastname];
                 // 如果有相同的姓,就比较名字
                 if (result == NSOrderedSame) {
                     result = [obj1.firstname compare:obj2.firstname];
                 }
         
                 return result;
            }];
         
            NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);
        }
         
        #pragma mark 数组排序4-高级排序
        void arraySort4() {
            Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"MingJie" lastname:@"Li" bookName:@"book1"];
            Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LongHu" lastname:@"Huang" bookName:@"book2"];
            Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LianJie" lastname:@"Li" bookName:@"book2"];
            Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"Jian" lastname:@"Xiao" bookName:@"book1"];
            NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, stu4, nil];
         
            // 1.先按照书名进行排序
            // 这里的key写的是@property的名称
            NSSortDescriptor *bookNameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"book.name" ascending:YES];
            // 2.再按照姓进行排序
            NSSortDescriptor *lastnameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"lastname" ascending:YES];
            // 3.再按照名进行排序
            NSSortDescriptor *firstnameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"firstname" ascending:YES];
            // 按顺序添加排序描述器
            NSArray *descs = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:bookNameDesc, lastnameDesc, firstnameDesc, nil];
         
            NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:descs];
         
            NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);
        }
    

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