一、句子成分 //（小口诀：主谓表宾补定状）
1.主语
主语，即主人公，一般位于句首，且表现形式很多。
e.g:
①During the 1990s, American country music has become increasingly popular.(名词作主语）
②We appointed his as chair man.（代词作主语）
③Smoking is harmful to our health.（动名词）
④The rich should have no more time each year than the poor.（名词化形容词）
⑤Whether he will be able to come is not yet known.（从句）
⑥It is necessary to bridge the gap between the two countries.（it作形式主语，非真正主语；真正主语为后面的不定式）
相当于：To bridge the gap between the two countries is necessary.
※特殊：
There be结构、疑问句、倒装句（之后细述）
2.谓语
谓语，即主语的行为、动作，或其具有的特征或状态。动词作主语时，一般位于主语之后。
（1）简单谓语：动词或动词短语
He accuses the comany of not protecting the interests of the public.
（2）复合表语：
①情态动词或助动词+动词
You might be able to get a taxi.
He has caught a bad cold.
②系动词+表语
We are students.
3.表语
表语，用来说明主语身份、特征或状态。一般位于系动词后。形式很多。
e.g:
The speech is exciting.
His hobby is playing basketball.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
4.宾语
宾语，表示动作的对象，一般位于及物动词或介词后，形式多样。
e.g:
They went to see an exhibition yeaterday.
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
He pretented not to see me.
I think (that) he is fit for his job.
5.宾补（宾语补足语）
部分及物动词除了有一个直接宾语外，还有一个宾语补足语。宾语补足语作用：使句子意义完整。形式很多。
e.g:
His father named him Tom.
They painted their boat white.
You can not force him to lend his money to you.
The bitter experience has made him what he is now.
6.定语
定语，用来修饰名词或代词，可以是词、短语、从句。
e.g:
China is a developing country.
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
7.状语
状语，用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，形式一般为副词。
e.g:
Light travels most quickly.
He has lived in this city for ten years.
8.插入语
与全句无必然关系，可使语言更准确或更有说服力。形式多样。
常见的插入语有：
for example 例如； by the way 顺便问一下； in other words 换言之；
in a word 总之； believe it or not; 信不信由你； to be frank 坦诚地说；
to tell you the truth 实话说； broadly speaking 广义上说；generally speaking一般来说；
I'm sure 我确信； to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
二、基本句型（六种）
1.主+谓（系动词）+表
※系动词（这里举例为常用）
①表“保持或一种状态”：be,remain,stay,keep,prove,turn on
②表“变化”：grow,turn,get,become,fall
③表“感官”：（一张脸）look,smell,taste,feel,sound
注意：使用系动词时，没有被动语态！！！非谓语一般用现在分词；有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词，要分清并区别，如keep，grow，taste等
e.g:
He remains an excellent engineer in the factory.
We grew many trees around our school and they grow green now.
2.主语+不及物动词
3.主语+及物动词+宾语
4.主语+双宾动词+双宾
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补
(2.3.4.5的例句之后补上）
6.There be句型
①基本用法
表示某地（某时）存在某人（某物）。一个字，“有”。
There is a bird in the tree.
Is there any water on Mars?
②与动词或短语连用
主要的连用短语有：happen to; appear/seem to; be going to; used to; have to 等
There appear to be several reasons for changing our plan.
Is there going to be a dancing party tonight?
③非限定形式及用法（拓展）
结构为：there to be 和 there being
I have never dreamed of there being a chance of going abroad.
I expect there to be no argument about this.
④常用固定句型：
There is no point in doing. 做某事毫无意义。
There is no use (in) doing. 做某事无用。
There is no sense in doing. 做某事没有意义。
There is no need for sb. to do. 某人做某事没必要。
三、句子分类
句子的分类
这里只是一个分类图解，具体三大类将分别在之后的文章里细述。
2019/2/22晚19：49-21：30
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