全球变暖对人类带来了巨大挑战，其根源在于人类排放了过多的二氧化碳。最新的科学研究发现，对付全球变暖最有效的办法是恢复森林，也就是种很多很多的树。
The most effective way to tackle climate change
by Mark Tutton
Restoring the world's lost forests could remove two thirds of all the planet-warming carbon that is in the atmosphere because of human activity, according to a new study.
restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ v. 恢复
remove /rɪˈmuːv/ v. 去除、去掉
warm /wɔːm/ v. 使变暖
carbon /ˈkɑːb(ə)n/ n. 碳（这里指二氧化碳）
atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/ n. 大气、大气层
activity /ækˈtɪvəti/ n. 活动
Since the industrial revolution, humans have added around 300 billion tons of extra carbon to the atmosphere – mainly through burning fossil fuels – which is heating the planet to dangerous levels. But trees naturally remove carbon from the atmosphere, storing it above and below ground.
industrial /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ adj. 工业的（由industry加后缀-al变成形容词）
revolution /ˌrevəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ n. 革命
billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿
ton /tʌn/ n. 吨
fossil /ˈfɒs(ə)l/ n. 化石（fossil fuel指煤炭和石油等）
heat /hiːt/ v. 加热
level /ˈlev(ə)l/ n. 水平、程度
naturally /ˈnætʃ(ə)r(ə)li/ adv. 天然地（由natural加后缀-ly变成副词）
store /stɔː(r)/ v. 储存、存放
A new study, carried out by researchers at Swiss university ETH Zurich and published Thursday in the journal Science, has calculated that restoring degraded forests all over the world could capture about 205 billion tons of carbon in total. Global carbon emissions are currently around 10 billion tons per year.
carry out 实施
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者（由research加上表示人的后缀-er）
Swiss /swɪs/ adj. 瑞士的
publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 发表
journal /ˈdʒɜːn(ə)l/ n. 期刊
calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ v. 计算、算出
degrade /dɪˈɡreɪd/ v. 使降级、使退化（由grade加上表示减少的前缀de-）
capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ v. 捕获
global /ˈɡləʊb(ə)l/ adj. 全球的、全世界的
emission /ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 排放
currently /ˈkʌr(ə)ntli/ adv. 现在、目前（由current加后缀-ly变成副词）
The researchers identified ecosystems around the world that would naturally support some level of tree cover, but have become "degraded" – deforested for timber, for example, or turned into farmland that has since been abandoned. They excluded areas that are currently used as urban or agricultural land, or that would naturally be grasslands or wetlands, because these ecosystems can themselves be valuable carbon stores, as well as supporting biodiversity.
identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 识别、辨认出
ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统（由system加上表示生态的前缀eco-）
deforest /ˌdiːˈfɒrɪst/ v. 砍伐森林（由forest加上表示“减少、去掉”的前缀de-）
timber /ˈtɪmbə(r)/ n. 木材
turn /tɜːn/ v. 变成、使变成
farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n. 农田（由farm和land组成）
abandon /əˈbændən/ v. 废弃
exclude /ɪkˈskluːd/ v. 把…排除在外
urban /ˈɜːb(ə)n/ adj. 城市的
agricultural /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. 农业的（由agriculture加后缀-al变成形容词）
grassland /ˈɡrɑːslænd/ n. 草地（由grass和land组成）
wetland /ˈwetlænd/ n. 湿地、沼泽地（由wet和land组成）
store /stɔː(r)/ n. 仓库
as well as = and also
biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. 生物多样性（由diversity加上表示生物的前缀bio-）
They concluded that there's enough suitable land to increase the world's forests by about a third. That would give the planet more than a trillion extra trees and 9 million square kilometers of additional tree cover, an area about the size of the United States.
conclude /kənˈkluːd/ v. 下结论
trillion /ˈtrɪljən/ n. 万亿
square kilometer 平方公里
additional /əˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. 额外的
The researchers say their data shows global tree restoration to be the most effective way to tackle climate change. "This is way bigger than the next best solution, and this is by far the cheapest," said Tom Crowther, the study's senior author.
data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据
restoration /ˌrestəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 恢复（由restore加后缀-ation变成名词）
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的（由effect加后缀-ive变成形容词）
tackle /ˈtæk(ə)l/ v. 应对
way /weɪ/ adv. 远远（表示强调）
solution /səˈluːʃ(ə)n/ n. 解决方案
senior /ˈsiːniə(r)/ adj. 资深的、高级别的
The researchers say that while most existing models predict that climate change will increase global tree cover, their own models found that although a warmer climate is likely to increase tree cover in northern areas, such as Siberia, that will be outweighed by climate change shrinking denser forests in tropical regions.
existing /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj. 现存的
model /ˈmɒd(ə)l/ n. 模型、数学模型
Siberia /saɪˈbɪəriə/ n. 西伯利亚
outweigh /aʊtˈweɪ/ v. 超过、比…更重要
shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ v. 收缩、使收缩
dense /dens/ adj. 密集的
tropical /ˈtrɒpɪk(ə)l/ adj. 热带的
Christiana Figueres, former executive secretary of the UN Climate Convention described the study as "an authoritative（权威的） assessment of how much land we can and should cover with trees without impinging on food production or living areas."
executive /ɪɡˈzekjutɪv/ secretary 执行秘书（这个职位相当于秘书长）
convention /kənˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n. 国际协议、公约
assessment /əˈsesmənt/ n. 评估（由assess加后缀-ment变成名词）
impinge /ɪmˈpɪndʒ/ on something 对某事带来不利影响
production /prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. 生产
Tree planting is no quick climate fix. It can take decades of growth for the carbon storage to reach its full potential. A more immediate benefit can come from halting deforestation, says Crowther, which costs our planet around 15 billion trees each year.
plant /plɑːnt/ v. 种植
fix /fɪks/ n. 解决办法
decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年
growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n. 生长
storage /ˈstɔːrɪdʒ/ n. 仓库、存放处
potential /pəˈtenʃ(ə)l/ n. 潜力
immediate /ɪˈmiːdiət/ adj. 立刻的、直接的
halt /hɔːlt/ v. 停止
deforestation /diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 砍伐森林（由deforest加后缀-ation变成名词）
Although tree planting on such a massive scale faces significant challenges, widespread efforts are already underway. The Australian government has announced it will plant 1 billion trees by 2030, and China's anti-desertification program, also known as the "Great Green Wall," has planted more than 50 billion trees since the 1970s.
massive /ˈmæsɪv/ adj. 巨大的、庞大的
scale /skeɪl/ n. 规模
face /feɪs/ v. 面对
significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪk(ə)nt/ adj. 显著的
widespread /waɪdˈspred/ adj. 广泛的（由wide和spread组成）
underway /ˌʌndəˈweɪ/ adj. 进行中
announce /əˈnaʊns/ v. 宣布
anti- 前缀，意思是“反”
desertification /dɪˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 沙漠化
program /ˈprəʊɡræm/ n. 计划、方案
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