目录
0 引言
1 环境
2 需求分析
3 代码实现
4 代码全景展示
5 后记
0 引言
所谓的像素图,就是对图像做一个颗粒化的效果,使其产生一种妙不可言的朦胧感。费话不多说,先来看一张效果图。
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1561015775707 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"><input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
▲效果图
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1561015775712 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"><input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
▲原图
怎么样,效果还不错吧?现在,我们用Python来实现这种像素化的效果。
1 环境
操作系统:Windows
Python版本:3.7.3 Python学习交流群:1004391443
2 需求分析
一个最简单的实现思路,在打开图片后,把图片分割成一些像素块,再对这些像素块中的图像信息进行处理(修改图像中的RGB值)即可。
这里我们使用Numpy库和PIL库来实现这个需求,后者用来图像的读取与保存,涉及到的所有图像处理动作均借助Numpy来实现。
有关NumPy模块、PIL模块的介绍,可参考如下。
<bi style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block;">NumPy(Numerical Python) 是 Python 语言的一个扩展程序库,支持大量的维度数组与矩阵运算,此外也针对数组运算提供大量的数学函数库。</bi><bi style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block;">PIL(Python Imaging Library)是Python常用的图像处理库,而Pillow是PIL的一个友好Fork,提供了了广泛的文件格式支持,强大的图像处理能力,主要包括图像储存、图像显示、格式转换以及基本的图像处理操作等。</bi>
这两个模块非Python内置,都属于第三方模块,可直接采用如下方式进行安装
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">pip install numpy
pip install Pillow
</pre>
注意,要想使用PIL模块,是需要直接install Pillow模块的。
3 代码实现
首先导入我们要用到的模块
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
</pre>
接下来,我们要处理图片,首先得打开一张图片,如下
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">data = Image.open("P:\Personal\LuoShen.xpg")
</pre>
然后把图像转换化Numpy数组进行下一步的处理
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">im1 = np.array(data)
</pre>
这里处理的核心思想,也很简单,主要通过中间值的RGB,对所选范围块的RGB进行重新赋值。
im1[y:y + pixel, x:x + pixel] = im1[y + (pixel // 2)][x + (pixel // 2)] 这里的x、y是分别指的我们图像的横向、纵向像素点的坐标值、而pixel指的是我们要以多大的像素块,来处理这张图像,我们设置的单位像素块(Pixel数值)越小,生成的像素图越精确。
当然了,若单位像素块设置的太小,生成图像就看不出效果了,至于多大的数值合适,需要自行尝试。不同尺寸的图像,要达到最佳的像素化的显示效果,所需要设置的单位像素块的大小也是不同的,实践出真知。
我们需要图像的指定一个处理范围,并对该范围内的每一个坐标(像素)点进行像素化的处理。
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">for y in range(Start_coordinate[1], End_coordinate[1], pixel):
for x in range(Start_coordinate[0], End_coordinate[0], pixel):
pass
</pre>
在处理完成之后,我们再把Numpy数组转换回图像。
im2 = Image.fromarray(im1.astype(np.uint8)) 最后展示出处理后的图像
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">im2.show()
</pre>
4 代码全景展示
import numpy as np from PIL import Image def to_pixelBlock(pixel, Start_coordinate, End_coordinate): ''' :param pixel: 单位像素块的元素大小 :param Start_coordinate: 处理的起始坐标(像素)点,元组形式 :param End_coordinate: 处理的终止坐标(像素)点,元组形式 :return: 通过中间值的RGB,对所选范围块的RGB进行重新赋值,设置的单位像素块(Pixel数值)越小,生成的像素图越精确 ''' # 读取图片,并由 PIL image 转换为 NumPy array im1 = np.array(Image.open("P:\Personal\LuoShen.jpg")) # 遍历所要处理范围内的所有坐标(像素)点 for y in range(Start_coordinate[1], End_coordinate[1], pixel): for x in range(Start_coordinate[0], End_coordinate[0], pixel): # 通过中间值的RGB,对所选范围块的RGB进行重新赋值 im1[y:y + pixel, x:x + pixel] = im1[y + (pixel // 2)][x + (pixel // 2)] # 将NumPy array 转换为 PIL image im2 = Image.fromarray(im1.astype(np.uint8)) # 展示处理后的图像 im2.show() if name == 'main': # 设置好要处理的像素范围,并以多大的像素块来生成最终效果图 to_pixelBlock(10, (0, 0), (1280, 800) 5 后记
本文使用了PIL加上Numpy的配合,短短几行代码实现了图像像素化的处理。当然这只是一种简单地实现,要想实现更丰富的处理效果,还可以借助CV2来实现。
好了,以上就是本篇全部内容。
后台回复:「马赛克」,获取本文所涉及的完整代码。
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<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1561015775755 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"><input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
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