haproxy.png
通过haproxy调度访问后台，并且用varnish服务器提供缓存，提高网站的可靠性于性能
实验环境：
haproxy 101搭建haproxy和Keepalived服务
ip：172.16.254.101
haproxy 103搭建haproxy和Keepalived服务
ip：172.16.254.103
varnish 105 服务
ip：172.16.254.105
WordPress静态服务器搭建httpd服务
ip：172.16.254.102
WordPress动态服务器搭建httpd+PHP+mysql
ip：172.16.254.104
实验步骤
配置web服务器
在服务器上安装WordPress
可以参考
centos7.3编译安装lamp,并实现wordpress
varnish
安装varnish服务
yum -y istall varnish
安装服务后修改配置文件
vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
# This is an example VCL file for Varnish.
#
# It does not do anything by default, delegating control to the
# builtin VCL. The builtin VCL is called when there is no explicit
# return statement.
#
# See the VCL chapters in the Users Guide at https://www.varnish-cache.org/docs/
# and http://varnish-cache.org/trac/wiki/VCLExamples for more examples.
# Marker to tell the VCL compiler that this VCL has been adapted to the
# new 4.0 format.
vcl 4.0;
import directors; #调用多个后端主机做集群
# Default backend definition. Set this to point to your content server.
probe check{ #定义健康状态检测
.url = "/.check.html"; #测试文件
.window = 5; #检测次数
.threshold = 3; #检测几次失败视为失效
.interval = 2s; #检测间隔
.timeout = 3s; #超时时长
}
backend dynamic { #定义动态主机
.host = "172.16.254.104";
.port = "80";
# rewriting the request, etc.
if (req.url ~ "(?i)\.php\.*") {
set req.backend_hint = dynameic;
}else{
set req.backend_hint = static;
}
return (pass);
}
}
sub vcl_backend_response {
# Happens after we have read the response headers from the backend.
#
# Here you clean the response headers, removing silly Set-Cookie headers
# and other mistakes your backend does.
#当后端服务器回复给varnish的响应如果不包含公共缓存信息，而且请求为jpg等静态资源，则卸载
cookie信息并缓存资源1小时#
if (beresp.http.cache-control !~ "s-maxage") {
if (bereq.url ~ "(?i)\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|css|js|xml)$") {
unset beresp.http.Set-Cookie;
set beresp.ttl = 3600s;
}
} #当varnish请求后端服务器的url包括php，则卸载cookie信息并缓存资源1小时# if (bereq.url ~ "(?i).*php.*") { unset beresp.http.Set-Cookie; set beresp.ttl = 3600s;
}
}
sub vcl_deliver {
# Happens when we have all the pieces we need, and are about to send the
# response to the client.
#
# You can do accounting or modifying the final object here.
if (obj.hits>0) {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT via "+server.ip;
} else {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS via "+server.ip;
}
varnish在探测到请求和响应报文头部有cookie信息的时候是不缓存的，所以缓存命中率会非常低。这就是为什么要卸载php页面和jpg等动态资源cookie的原因。
启动服务并部署
systemctl start varnish
varnish_reload_vcl
haproxy
安装haproxy
yum install -y haproxy
更改配置文件
vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online.
#
# http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2 #日志记录
chroot /var/lib/haproxy #禁锢haproxy，防止被劫持
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000 #每个进程最大连接数
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon #服务方式运行
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http #七层代理
log global #日志采用global
option httplog #以http方式记录日志
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3 #最大尝试连接数
timeout http-request 10s #等待请求时间
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats #定义状态页
bind *:9000
stats enable
stats auth admin:admin
stats uri /admin?stats
stats realm "status-page"
stats refresh 30s
stats hide-version #隐藏版本信息
stats admin if TRUE #开启后端管理功能
frontend web
bind *:80,
default_backend appsrvs
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend appsrvs
server static 172.16.254.105:6081 check
配置完后发送到haproxy一份
scp /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg root@172.16.254.103:/etc/haproxy/
然后启动服务。
可以访问一下管理页面
http://172.16.254.101:9000/admin?stats
image.png
说明管理页面也没有问题，可以访问一下服务器，查看是否能够访问。
Keepalived
在haproxy服务器中都安装Keepalived服务
yum install -y keepalived
修改Keepalived配置文件
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id node1
vrrp_mcast_group4 224.0.115.15 #配置广播地址
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy && exit 0 || exit 1"
interval 1
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens34
virtual_router_id 132
priority 101
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.16.254.106 dev ens34 label ens34:0
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
这个是主keepalived。备用Keepalived只需要更改一段代码就行。
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP #改为备用
interface ens34
virtual_router_id 132
priority 100 #把默认优先级改的低于MASTER的
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
notify.sh文件
#!/bin/bash
#
contact='root@localhost'
notify() {
local mailsubject="$(hostname) to be $1,vip floating."
local mailbody="$(date + '%F %T'):vrrp transition,$(hostname) changed to be $1."
echo "$mailbody" | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
}
case $1 in
master)
notify master;;
backup)
notify backup;;
fault)
notify fault;;
*)
echo "Usage: $(basename $0) {master|backup|fault}"
exit 1;;
esac
这时这个网站的架构已经完成，可以把haproxy101的haproxy服务关闭和开启，查看vip所在服务器，来验证keepalived是否生效。
定义的haproxy的虚拟ip为172.16.254.106，此时任何一个haproxy主机或者haproxy服务故障都不会影响网站的正常访问，通过192.168.11.200即可访问到网站。
这个架构还存在单点故障，以后还需要改进
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