一、监听器的使用
1.监听器的介绍:
Servlet 监听器是 Servlet 规范中定义的一种特殊类,用于监听 ServletContext、HttpSession 和 ServletRequest 等域对象的创建与销毁事件,以及监听这些域对象中属性发生修改的事件。
- 作用:
监听request、session、application三个域对象的创建,销毁和数据的变更(添加、修改和删除)。
2.监听器的使用:
- 监听session对象的使用:
实现接口:
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
接口中的方法:
(1)监听session的创建和销毁:HttpSessionListener:
SessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se);
sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se);
(2)监听session的作用域数据的变更:
AttributeAdded(Http SessionBindingEvent event);
attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent event);
attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent event);
- 监听Request对象的使用:
实现接口:
javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;
javax.servlet.ServletRequestAttributeListener;
接口中的方法:
(1)监听Request的创建和销毁:
requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre);
requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre);
(2)监听Request的作用域数据的变更:
attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae);
attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae);
attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae);
- 监听Application对象的使用:
实现接口:
javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
接口中的方法:
(1)监听application对象的创建和销毁:
contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce);
contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce);
(2)监听application对象的数据的变更:
attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent event);
attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent event);
attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent event);
3.案例在线人数的统计:
- 实现思路:
定义一个计数器;每当session创建时计数器就加1;session被销毁时计数器就-1。
- 在原项目中创建监听器:
package com.zlw.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
public class MyListener implements HttpSessionListener,ServletContextListener{
//监听Context对象
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
int count = 0;
//获取Application对象
ServletContext sc = sce.getServletContext();
sc.setAttribute("count", count);
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
}
//监听session对象
@Override
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
//获取Application对象中的计数器
ServletContext sc = se.getSession().getServletContext();
int count = (int)sc.getAttribute("count");
//计数器自增
++count;
//然后将计数器存储到application中
sc.setAttribute("count", count);
}
@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
//获取Application对象中的计数器
ServletContext sc = se.getSession().getServletContext();
int count = (int) sc.getAttribute("count");
//计数器自减
--count;
//然后再将计数器存储到Application中
sc.setAttribute("count",count);
}
}
- web.xml文件配置:
!-- 监听器的配置 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>com.zlw.listener.MyListener</listener-class>
</listener>
-
增加效果:
效果
二、过滤器的使用
1.问题:
Servlet 的作用是针对浏览器发起的请求,进行请求的处理。通过 Servlet 技术我们可以灵活的进行请求的处理,但是我们不但要对请求记性处理,我们还需对服务器的资源进行统一的管理 ,比如请求编码格式的统一设置,资源的统一分配等等。
原理图
2.过滤器的作用:
过滤器可以拦截所有的请求;可以添加多个过滤,考虑性能一般不会添加过多过滤器;是由服务器创建的。
可以用来限制访问的权限;
过滤敏感的关键字;
解决乱码问题。
3.创建过滤器和实现方法:
- 接口:
javax.servlet.Filter;
- 实现方法:
init方法:服务器启动时调用;
doFilter方法;进行业务处理。
destory方法:服务器关闭时调用;
- doFilter方法的作用:
服务器在接收到浏览器发过来的请求后,先解析请求信息,创建对象request和response然后根据请求URL地址判断如果符合过滤器的过滤范围,则会调用过滤器中的doFilter来进行请求拦截,并将request和response对象作为实参传递给doFilter方法。我们可以在doFilter方法中声明过滤器拦截代码。
- doFilter中的参数:
ServletRequest:接收此次拦截的请求的request实参
ServletResponse:接收此次拦截的请求的response实参
FilterChain:可以进行请求放行
- 过滤器拦截的范围:
拦截所有:/*
拦截部分Servlet的请求:*.do
拦截指定Servlet的请求:和要拦截的指定的Servlet的url-pattern配置完全一致即可,例如:/my。
注意:过滤器之间会出现多重拦截,如果是按照拦截拦截范围的大小在web.xml中自大而小进行的配置,则会先执行大范围的拦截器,再执行小范围的拦截器。
- web.xml文件配置:
<filter>
<filter-name>配置的过滤器名称</filter-name>
<filter-class>要配置的过滤器的全限定路径:包名.类名</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>配置的过滤器名称</filter-name>
<url-pattern>过滤器拦截请求地址的范围</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
- 代码示例:
package com.zlw.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class MyFilter implements Filter{
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("MyFilter过滤器被销毁!");
}
//
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("MyFilter.doFilter(我是过滤器MyFilter:佩奇小区门口的保安)");
//放行
chain.doFilter(request, response);
System.out.println("(*^_^*)");
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterconfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("创建了MyFilter过滤器");
}
}
package com.zlw.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class MyFilter2 implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("MyFilter2.doFilter(我是佩奇家楼门口的保安!)");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
package com.zlw.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class MyFilter3 implements Filter {
//创建
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
//操作
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("MyFilter3.doFilter(我是佩奇家门口的保安!)");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
//销毁
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
package com.zlw.serlvet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MySerlvet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("MyServlet.service(小猪佩奇家被访问了!)");
}
}
<!--过滤器配置 :拦截所有-->
<filter>
<filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.zlw.filter.MyFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--过滤器配置:拦截部分 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>myFilter2</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.zlw.filter.MyFilter2</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>myFilter2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--过滤器配置:拦截指定的Servlet的请求 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>myFilter3</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.zlw.filter.MyFilter3</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>myFilter3</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/my.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
- 结果: 结果
4.解决乱码问题:
- 分析图:
- 解决Post方式提交的乱码问题:
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
- 解决Get方式提交乱码问题:
String userName = request.getParamenter(" ");
String str = new String (userName.getBytes("ios-8859-1"),utf-8);
- 代码示例:
package com.zlw.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter{
private String encoding;
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");//获取配置文件中参数的值
System.out.println(encoding);
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest)request;
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse)response;
// req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
req.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset="+encoding);
chain.doFilter(request, response);//将请求继续向下传递
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
- Serlvet
package com.zlw.serlvet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取用户输入的用户名和密码
String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
String userPass = request.getParameter("userPass");
//如何处理地址栏传参或get提交的乱码问题
userName = new String (userName.getBytes("iso-8859-1"));
System.out.println(userName+"---"+userPass);
if(("admin".equals(userName)&&"admin".equals(userPass))||("张三".equals(userName)&&"admin".equals(userPass))){
request.getSession().setAttribute("userName", userName);
response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
}else{
response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
}
}
}
- jsp页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
</head>
<body>
<h3 style="color: red">登录成功</h3>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>测试乱码解决</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login"method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="userName" />
密码:<input type="password" name="passName" />
<input type="submit" value="登录" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
- web.xml文件配置:
<filter>
<filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.zlw.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>EncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
三、项目权限管理功能
1.需求:
不同的用户在对同一功能使用时,有的用户可以直接使用,有的用户会被提示权限不足。
1.功能实现思路:
(1)在数据库中创建一个URL权限表,该表存储了该系统需要被管理的URL。
(2)在数据库中创建用户权限中间表,用来进行权限分配。
(3)在数据库中将权限给用户分配好。
(5)在用户登录成功后查询该用户具备的URL权限,存储到该用户的session中。
(6)在过滤器中对当前发起请求的用户的请求地址进行校验,校验该用户是否具备该请求地址的权限,如果具备则放行执行,如果不具备则提示权限不足。
2.数据库创建:
URL权限表:t_url
编号: urlid
url地址 :location
描述:remark
用户权限中间表:t_user_url
uid
urlid
SQL语句的设计:查询当前登录用户的url信息
子查询:
select * from t_url where urlid in (select urlid from t_user_url where uid=?)
联合查询:
select * from t_url tu,t_user_url tul where tu.urlid=tul.urlid and tul.uid=?)
3.JDBC操作数据库:
//查询当前用户的URL权限信息
@Override
public List<Url>getUserUrlInfoDao(int uid){
//声明jdbc变量
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
//声明变量
String sql = "select * from t_url where urlid in (select urlid from t_user_url where uid=?)";
List<Url> lu = null;
try {
conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setInt(1, uid);
rs = ps.executeQuery();
lu = new ArrayList<Url>();
while(rs.next()){
Url ul = new Url();
ul.setUrlid(rs.getInt("urlid"));
ul.setLocation(rs.getString("location"));
ul.setRemark(rs.getString("remark"));
lu.add(ul);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return lu;
}
4.Filter监听器:
package com.zlw.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import com.zlw.pojo.Url;
/**
* * Filter案例之统一编码格式:
* 在doFilter中使用
* //设置请求编码格式
* request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
* //设置响应编码格式
* response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
* Filter案例之session管理
* 在过滤器中获取session对象,然后查看session中的数据是否还在
* 如果数据没了,则因为session失效则重定向到登录页面。如果数据还在
* session没有失效,则放行
*
* 问题1:
* 在过滤器中使用session校验后发现登录页面的访问成了死循环,因为登录页面的
* 请求也就是login.jsp的请求也会被过滤器拦截,而此时session中没有相关数据的
* 造成又重定向到登录页面......
* 解决1:
* 对login.jsp和登录请求进行放行
* 问题2:
* 过滤器会拦截所有的请求,包括静态资源(css文件\js文件\image图片)请求也会拦截。
* 造成页面中的样式和动态效果等出不来
* 解决2:
* 对静态资源放行
* @author zhang
*
*/
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
//设置请求编码格式
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//设置响应编码格式
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
// chain.doFilter(request, response);
//强转Request对象
HttpServletRequest req = ((HttpServletRequest)request);
//强转response对象
HttpServletResponse resp = ((HttpServletResponse)response);
//获取此次请求的uri
String uri = req.getRequestURI();
//获取此次请求的method
String method = req.getParameter("method");
System.out.println("当前请求的method"+method);
System.out.println("当前请求的uri为:"+uri);
if("/project2/login.jsp".equals(uri)||"/project2/reg.jsp".equals(uri)||("/project2/data".equals(uri))&&"userLogin".equals(method)||uri.startsWith("/project2/css/")||uri.startsWith("/project3/js/")||uri.startsWith("/project2/images/")){
//放行
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}else{
//获取session对象
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
Object obj = session.getAttribute("user");
//判断
if(obj!=null){
//获取权限信息
List<Url> li = (List<Url>)session.getAttribute("lu");
//权限校验
for (Url url : li) {
if(url.getLocation().equals(method)||url.getLocation().equals(uri)){
//放行
chain.doFilter(request, response);
return;
}
}
//响应
resp.getWriter().write("power");
return;
}else{
//重定向到登录页面
resp.sendRedirect("/project2/login.jsp");
}
}
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
- web.xml文件配置:
<!-- 监听器的配置 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>com.zlw.listener.MyListener</listener-class>
</listener>
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