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系列文章
- android tv常见问题（一）焦点查找规律
- android tv常见问题（二）如何监听ViewGroup子View的焦点状态
- android tv常见问题（三）RecyclerView的焦点记忆
- android tv常见问题（四）焦点变化时，Recyclerview是如何进行滚动的
github地址
https://github.com/Geekholt/TvFocus
目录
期望结果：
Recyclerview聚焦到最后一个Item，继续按下键，焦点保持不变。
实际结果
Recyclerview聚焦到最后一个Item，继续按下键，焦点会跳出RecyclerView，跳到附近的View上。
问题一.gif
问题分析
那么当Recyclerview滑动到最底部时，按下键，Android系统是如何找到下一个需要被聚焦的view的呢？我们把断点打在ViewGroup的focusSearch方法上，可以看到从ViewRootImp的performFocusNavigation方法开始，依次调用了如下方法。
focusSearch.png
View#focusSearch
View并不会直接去找焦点，而是交给它的parent去找。
public View focusSearch(@FocusRealDirection int direction) {
if (mParent != null) {
//直接交给viewgroup去查找焦点
return mParent.focusSearch(this, direction);
} else {
return null;
}
}
ViewGroup#focusSearch
焦点会逐级的交给父ViewGroup的focusSearch方法去处理，直到最外层的布局，最后实际上是调用了FocusFinder的findNextFocus方法去寻找新的焦点。
public View focusSearch(View focused, int direction) {
if (isRootNamespace()) {
//如果不再viewgroup的focusSearch方法中做拦截，会一直到最顶层的DecorView
return FocusFinder.getInstance().findNextFocus(this, focused, direction);
} else if (mParent != null) {
return mParent.focusSearch(focused, direction);
}
return null;
}
但是这里要注意的是，RecyclerView和其他的ViewGroup不一样，它自己重写了focusSearch方法。所以在焦点查找委托到达到DecorView之前，会先执行RecyclerView的focusSearch方法。
那么，RecyclerView和其他ViewGroup在寻找焦点方面有什么不一样呢？为什么RecyclerView要重写ViewGroup的焦点查找机制呢？想知道这些问题的答案，那我们首先要知道ViewGroup的焦点查找机制。
FocusFinder#findNextFocus
ViewGroup的焦点查找机制的核心其实就是FocusFinder的findNextFocus方法。
主要步骤：
-
findNextUserSpecifiedFocus优先从xml或者代码中指定focusId的View中找。 -
addFocusables将可聚焦且可见的view加入到集合中。 -
findNextFocus在集合中找到最近的一个。
private View findNextFocus(ViewGroup root, View focused, Rect focusedRect, int direction) {
View next = null;
ViewGroup effectiveRoot = getEffectiveRoot(root, focused);
if (focused != null) {
//从自己开始向下遍历，如果没找到则从自己的parent开始向下遍历，直到找到id匹配的视图为止。
//也许存在多个相同id的视图，这个方法只会返回在View树中节点范围最近的一个视图。
next = findNextUserSpecifiedFocus(effectiveRoot, focused, direction);
}
if (next != null) {
return next;
}
ArrayList<View> focusables = mTempList;
try {
focusables.clear();
//找到root下所有isVisible && isFocusable的View
effectiveRoot.addFocusables(focusables, direction);
if (!focusables.isEmpty()) {
//从focusables中找到最近的一个
next = findNextFocus(effectiveRoot, focused, focusedRect, direction, focusables);
}
} finally {
focusables.clear();
}
return next;
}
ViewGroup#addFocusables
主要注意三点:
- descendantFocusability属性决定了ViewGroup和其子view的聚焦优先级
- FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS：viewgroup会覆盖子类控件而直接获得焦点
- FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS：viewgroup会覆盖子类控件而直接获得焦点
- FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS：viewgroup只有当其子类控件不需要获取焦点时才获取焦点
- addFocusables的第一个参数views是由root决定的。在ViewGroup的focusSearch方法中传进来的root是DecorView，当然我们也可以主动调用FocusFinder的findNextFocus方法，在指定的ViewGroup中查找焦点。
- view 不仅要满足focusable的条件，还要满足visiable的条件。这个条件决定了RecyclerView为什么要自己实现focusSearch，比如RecyclerView聚焦在按键方向上、当前屏幕区域内可见的最后一个item时（其实后面还有n个item），如果用ViewGroup的focusSearch方法，那么当前不可见的下一个item将无法获得焦点。这和我们正常所看到的现象 “按下键，RecyclerView向上滚动，焦点聚焦到下一个item上” 的这种现象不符。具体原因我们之后分析RecyclerView的focusSearch方法时再说。
public void addFocusables(ArrayList<View> views, int direction, int focusableMode) {
final int focusableCount = views.size();
final int descendantFocusability = getDescendantFocusability();
final boolean blockFocusForTouchscreen = shouldBlockFocusForTouchscreen();
final boolean focusSelf = (isFocusableInTouchMode() || !blockFocusForTouchscreen);
if (descendantFocusability == FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS) {
if (focusSelf) {
//FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS，这里只将viewgroup自身加入到focusable集合当中，所以之 后的焦点查找只能找到ViewGroup自身而不能找到它的子view
super.addFocusables(views, direction, focusableMode);
}
return;
}
if (blockFocusForTouchscreen) {
focusableMode |= FOCUSABLES_TOUCH_MODE;
}
if ((descendantFocusability == FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS) && focusSelf) {
//FOCUS_BEFORE_DESCENDANTS，先将ViewGroup加入到focusable集合中
super.addFocusables(views, direction, focusableMode);
}
//之后再将子View加入到focusable集合中
int count = 0;
final View[] children = new View[mChildrenCount];
for (int i = 0; i < mChildrenCount; ++i) {
View child = mChildren[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE) {
//view 不仅要满足focusable的条件，还要满足visiable的条件
children[count++] = child;
}
}
FocusFinder.sort(children, 0, count, this, isLayoutRtl());
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
children[i].addFocusables(views, direction, focusableMode);
}
if ((descendantFocusability == FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS) && focusSelf
&& focusableCount == views.size()) {
//FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS,只有当ViewGroup没有focusable的子View时，才会把ViewGroup 自身加入到focusable集合中，否则集合中只有ViewGroup的子View
super.addFocusables(views, direction, focusableMode);
}
}
FocusFInder#findNextFocus
在addFocusables之后，找到指定方向上与当前focused距离最近的view。在进行查找之前，会统一坐标系。
private View findNextFocus(ViewGroup root, View focused, Rect focusedRect,
int direction, ArrayList<View> focusables) {
if (focused != null) {
if (focusedRect == null) {
focusedRect = mFocusedRect;
}
//取得考虑scroll之后的焦点Rect，该Rect是相对focused视图本身的
focused.getFocusedRect(focusedRect);
//将当前focused视图的坐标系，转换到root的坐标系中，统一坐标，以便进行下一步的计算
root.offsetDescendantRectToMyCoords(focused, focusedRect);
} else {
...
}
switch (direction) {
...
case View.FOCUS_UP:
case View.FOCUS_DOWN:
case View.FOCUS_LEFT:
case View.FOCUS_RIGHT:
//统一坐标系后，进入比较核心的焦点查找逻辑
return findNextFocusInAbsoluteDirection(focusables, root, focused,
focusedRect, direction);
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown direction: " + direction);
}
}
FocusFInder#findNextFocusInAbsoluteDirection
总的来说就是根据当前focused的位置以及按键的方向，循环比较focusable集合中哪一个最适合，然后返回最合适的view，焦点查找就算完成了。
protected View findNextFocusInAbsoluteDirection(ArrayList<View> focusables, ViewGroup root, View focused,Rect focusedRect, int direction) {
//先在当前focused的位置上虚构出一个候选Rect
mBestCandidateRect.set(focusedRect);
switch(direction) {
...
case View.FOCUS_DOWN:
//把focusedRect向上移一个"身位"，按键向下，那么他肯定就是优先级最低的了
mBestCandidateRect.offset(0, -(focusedRect.height() + 1));
}
View closest = null;
int numFocusables = focusables.size();
//遍历root下所有可聚焦的view
for (int i = 0; i < numFocusables; i++) {
View focusable = focusables.get(i);
//如果focusable是当前focused或者root，跳过继续找
if (focusable == focused || focusable == root) continue;
//将当前focusable也进行统一坐标
focusable.getFocusedRect(mOtherRect);
root.offsetDescendantRectToMyCoords(focusable, mOtherRect);
//进行比较
if (isBetterCandidate(direction, focusedRect, mOtherRect, mBestCandidateRect)) {
//如果focusable通过筛选条件，赋值给mBestCandidateRect，继续循环比对
mBestCandidateRect.set(mOtherRect);
closest = focusable;
}
}
return closest;
}
FocusFinder#isBetterCandidate
用于比较的方法。分别是将当前聚焦的view，当前遍历到的focusable和目前为止最合适的focusable（i = 0时是优先级最低的rect）进行比较。
/**
*@param source 当前focused
*@param rect1 当前focusable
*@param rect2 目前为止最合适的focusable
*/
boolean isBetterCandidate(int direction, Rect source, Rect rect1, Rect rect2) {
// to be a better candidate, need to at least be a candidate in the first
// place :)
if (!isCandidate(source, rect1, direction)) {
return false;
}
// we know that rect1 is a candidate.. if rect2 is not a candidate,
// rect1 is better
if (!isCandidate(source, rect2, direction)) {
return true;
}
// if rect1 is better by beam, it wins
if (beamBeats(direction, source, rect1, rect2)) {
return true;
}
// if rect2 is better, then rect1 cant' be :)
if (beamBeats(direction, source, rect2, rect1)) {
return false;
}
// otherwise, do fudge-tastic comparison of the major and minor axis
return (getWeightedDistanceFor(
majorAxisDistance(direction, source, rect1),
minorAxisDistance(direction, source, rect1))
< getWeightedDistanceFor(
majorAxisDistance(direction, source, rect2),
minorAxisDistance(direction, source, rect2)));
}
FocusFinder#isCandidate
判断是否可以做为候选。可以看作是一个初步筛选的方法，但是到底哪个更好还需要看beamBeat方法，这个方法会将通过筛选的focusable和当前最合适的focusable进行比较，选出更合适的一个。
boolean isCandidate(Rect srcRect, Rect destRect, int direction) {
switch (direction) {
...
//这里就拿按下键举例，别的方向同理
case View.FOCUS_DOWN:
//这个判断画个图就很好理解了（见下图）
return (srcRect.top < destRect.top || srcRect.bottom <= destRect.top)
&& srcRect.bottom < destRect.bottom;
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("direction must be one of "
+ "{FOCUS_UP, FOCUS_DOWN, FOCUS_LEFT, FOCUS_RIGHT}.");
}
到这里为止ViewGroup的focusSearch方法基本上就讲完了。那么下面来看一下RecyclerView的focusSearch方法是如何实现焦点查找的。
RecyclerView#FocusSearch
前面讲到了，该方法主要是为了解决RecyclerView聚焦在按键方向上、当前屏幕区域内可见的最后一个item时，当前不可见的下一个item将无法获得焦点。
public View focusSearch(View focused, int direction) {
//可以在LayoutManager.onInterceptFocusSearch()中做一些焦点拦截操作
View result = mLayout.onInterceptFocusSearch(focused, direction);
if (result != null) {
return result;
}
final boolean canRunFocusFailure = mAdapter != null && mLayout != null
&& !isComputingLayout() && !mLayoutFrozen;
final FocusFinder ff = FocusFinder.getInstance();
if (canRunFocusFailure
&& (direction == View.FOCUS_FORWARD || direction == View.FOCUS_BACKWARD)) {
....
} else {
result = ff.findNextFocus(this, focused, direction);
if (result == null && canRunFocusFailure) {
//result == null，说明在当前recyclerview中，当前聚焦的位置，当前按键方向上，当前屏 幕区域内，找不到下一个可以聚焦的点了。
consumePendingUpdateOperations();
final View focusedItemView = findContainingItemView(focused);
if (focusedItemView == null) {
return null;
}
startInterceptRequestLayout();
//焦点搜索失败处理
result = mLayout.onFocusSearchFailed(focused, direction, mRecycler, mState);
stopInterceptRequestLayout(false);
}
}
if (result != null && !result.hasFocusable()) {
if (getFocusedChild() == null) {
return super.focusSearch(focused, direction);
}
requestChildOnScreen(result, null);
return focused;
}
//判断result是否合适，如果不合适，调用ViewGroup的focusSearch方法
//这个方法和FocusFinder的isCandidate方法实现几乎一样
return isPreferredNextFocus(focused, result, direction)
? result : super.focusSearch(focused, direction);
}
mLayout#onFocusSearchFailed
这个方法是由LayoutManager来实现的，这就是RecyclerView的针对上面提到的情况的焦点查找方法。这里主要分析LinearLayoutManager中实现的该方法，如果在使用其他的LayoutManager时出现RecyclelerView焦点不符合预期的话，可以查看对于LayoutManager下的onFocusSearchFailed方法。
主要关注findPartiallyOrCompletelyInvisibleChildClosestToEnd方法，通过这个方法的命名我们大致就可以看出来这个方法的作用了。这个方法主要会根据当前RecyclerVIew的正逆序以及按键方向，找出最近一个部分或完全不可见的View。
public View onFocusSearchFailed(View focused, int focusDirection,
RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, RecyclerView.State state) {
resolveShouldLayoutReverse();
if (getChildCount() == 0) {
return null;
}
final int layoutDir = convertFocusDirectionToLayoutDirection(focusDirection);
if (layoutDir == LayoutState.INVALID_LAYOUT) {
return null;
}
ensureLayoutState();
ensureLayoutState();
final int maxScroll = (int) (MAX_SCROLL_FACTOR * mOrientationHelper.getTotalSpace());
updateLayoutState(layoutDir, maxScroll, false, state);
mLayoutState.mScrollingOffset = LayoutState.SCROLLING_OFFSET_NaN;
mLayoutState.mRecycle = false;
fill(recycler, mLayoutState, state, true);
// nextCandidate is the first child view in the layout direction that's partially
// within RV's bounds, i.e. part of it is visible or it's completely invisible but still
// touching RV's bounds. This will be the unfocusable candidate view to become visible onto
// the screen if no focusable views are found in the given layout direction.
final View nextCandidate;
if (layoutDir == LayoutState.LAYOUT_START) {
nextCandidate = findPartiallyOrCompletelyInvisibleChildClosestToStart(recycler, state);
} else {
//获取距离底部最近的部分或者整体不可见的item，当RecyclerView滑到最底部是会返回null
nextCandidate = findPartiallyOrCompletelyInvisibleChildClosestToEnd(recycler, state);
}
// nextFocus is meaningful only if it refers to a focusable child, in which case it
// indicates the next view to gain focus.
final View nextFocus;
if (layoutDir == LayoutState.LAYOUT_START) {
nextFocus = getChildClosestToStart();
} else {
nextFocus = getChildClosestToEnd();
}
if (nextFocus.hasFocusable()) {
if (nextCandidate == null) {
return null;
}
return nextFocus;
}
return nextCandidate;
}
RecyclerView#isPreferredNextFocus
这个方法是RecyclerView内部的方法，和FocusFinder中的isCandidate方法的逻辑可以说几乎是一摸一样的。
- return false：说明最终会执行ViewGroup的FocusSearch方法去寻找焦点，这就出现了一开始demo中焦点跳出RecyclerView的现象。
- return true：说明焦点查找已经完成，next就是将要被聚焦的点。
private boolean isPreferredNextFocus(View focused, View next, int direction) {
if (next == null || next == this) {
//这里就是RecyclerView聚焦在最后一个item，继续按下键，这里会return false
return false;
}
if (findContainingItemView(next) == null) {
return false;
}
if (focused == null) {
return true;
}
if (findContainingItemView(focused) == null) {
return true;
}
//下面的逻辑和FocusFinder的isCandidate方法一摸一样，只是RecyclerView内部自己又实现了一遍
mTempRect.set(0, 0, focused.getWidth(), focused.getHeight());
mTempRect2.set(0, 0, next.getWidth(), next.getHeight());
offsetDescendantRectToMyCoords(focused, mTempRect);
offsetDescendantRectToMyCoords(next, mTempRect2);
final int rtl = mLayout.getLayoutDirection() == ViewCompat.LAYOUT_DIRECTION_RTL ? -1 : 1;
int rightness = 0;
if ((mTempRect.left < mTempRect2.left
|| mTempRect.right <= mTempRect2.left)
&& mTempRect.right < mTempRect2.right) {
rightness = 1;
} else if ((mTempRect.right > mTempRect2.right
|| mTempRect.left >= mTempRect2.right)
&& mTempRect.left > mTempRect2.left) {
rightness = -1;
}
int downness = 0;
if ((mTempRect.top < mTempRect2.top
|| mTempRect.bottom <= mTempRect2.top)
&& mTempRect.bottom < mTempRect2.bottom) {
downness = 1;
} else if ((mTempRect.bottom > mTempRect2.bottom
|| mTempRect.top >= mTempRect2.bottom)
&& mTempRect.top > mTempRect2.top) {
downness = -1;
}
switch (direction) {
case View.FOCUS_LEFT:
return rightness < 0;
case View.FOCUS_RIGHT:
return rightness > 0;
case View.FOCUS_UP:
return downness < 0;
case View.FOCUS_DOWN:
return downness > 0;
case View.FOCUS_FORWARD:
return downness > 0 || (downness == 0 && rightness * rtl >= 0);
case View.FOCUS_BACKWARD:
return downness < 0 || (downness == 0 && rightness * rtl <= 0);
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid direction: " + direction + exceptionLabel());
}
到此为止ViewGroup的focusSearch和RecyclerVIew的focusSearch都分析完了。我们已经知道RecyclerView滑动到最底部的时候，发生了哪些焦点行为，那么解决起来就比较简单了。
focusSearch小结
结合KeyEvent事件的流转，处理焦点的时机，按照优先级（顺序）依次是：
- dispatchKeyEvent
- mOnKeyListener.onKey
- onKeyDown/onKeyUp
- focusSearch
- 指定nextFocusId
- 系统自动从所有isFocusable的视图中找下一个焦点视图，所以某些时候也可以在addFocusables方法中进行一些处理来改变焦点
以上任一处都可以指定焦点，一旦消费了就不再往下走。
比如前面说到了RecyclerView就是通过重写focusSearch方法对边界上部分可见或不可见的view的焦点查找进行了特殊处理。
解决方案
重写RecyclerView的focusSearch方法
public View focusSearch(View focused, int direction) {
//通过super.focusSearch找到的view
View realNextFocus = super.focusSearch(focused, direction);
//RecyclerView内部下一个可聚焦的点
View nextFocus = FocusFinder.getInstance().findNextFocus(this, focused, direction);
switch (direction) {
case FOCUS_RIGHT:
...
break;
case FOCUS_LEFT:
...
break;
case FOCUS_UP:
...
break;
case FOCUS_DOWN:
//canScrollVertically(1) true表示能滚动，false表示已经滚动到底部
//canScrollVertically(-1) true表示能滚动，false表示已经滚动到顶部
if (nextFocus == null && !canScrollVertically(1)) {
//如果RecyclerView内部不存在下一个可聚焦的view，屏蔽焦点移动
return null;
}
break;
}
return realNextFocus;
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