LNMP服务

作者: 酷酷的伟 | 来源:发表于2019-06-07 22:57 被阅读103次

    一、状态模块:

     curl -H Host:status.oldboy.com 172.16.1.7
    
    

    官网http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_stub_status_module.html#stub_status

    1.重启刷新:
    [08:46 root@web01 ~]# systemctl reload nginx
    [08:46 root@web01 ~]# curl -H Host:status.oldboy.com 172.16.1.7
    Active connections: 1 
    server accepts handled requests
     22 22 22 
    Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0 
    [08:46 root@web01 ~]# systemctl restart nginx
    [08:46 root@web01 ~]# curl -H Host:status.oldboy.com 172.16.1.7
    Active connections: 1 
    server accepts handled requests
     1 1 1 
    Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0 
    
    

    ※2.状态模块详解

    Active connections: 1 
    server accepts handled requests
     22 22 22 
    Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0 
    
    

    Active connections: 1 当前的连接数量(已建立连接)

    server accepts:22 服务器接收到的请求数量
    server handled: 22 服务器接收处理的请求数量
    server request:20 用户一共向服务器发出多少请求

    Reading:0 当前nginx正在读取的用户请求头的数量
    Writing:1 当前nginx正在响应用户请求的数量
    Waiting:1 当前等待被nginx处理的 请求数量

    image

    二、权限控制

    allow和deny
    简单验证

    【简单验证】

    安装软件httpd-tools

    [09:00 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# rpm -qa httpd-tools
    httpd-tools-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64
    
    

    2.修改status模块

    auth_basic "Auth access Blog Input your Passwd!";
    auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/htpasswd;

    [09:09 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# vim conf.d/status.conf 
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name  status.oldboy.com;
            stub_status;
            access_log off;
            auth_basic "Auth access Blog Input your Passwd!";
            auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/htpasswd;
    
    #       allow 172.16.1.0/24;
    #       deny all;
    }
    
    

    创建密码文件,修改权限600 属主属组为nginx

    [09:14 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# htpasswd -b -c /etc/nginx/htpasswd  oldboy oldboy
    [09:15 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# ll htpasswd 
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48 Jun  6 09:15 htpasswd 
    [09:24 root@web01 /etc/nginx]#  chmod 600 htpasswd 
    [09:25 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# chown nginx.nginx htpasswd 
    [09:25 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# ll htpasswd 
    -rw------- 1 nginx nginx 45 Jun  6 09:19 htpasswd
    
    

    浏览器查看

    输入账号密码都为oldboy:

    image image

    三、Location规则

    先看图:

    image image image image

    常见规则:

    image image

    将状态码取出来:

    1.第一种方法:

    需要将多余的定向到空
    curl -I 10.0.0.7 2>/dev/null|awk 'NR==1{print $2}'

    [09:55 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl -I 10.0.0.7
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Server: nginx/1.16.0
    Date: Thu, 06 Jun 2019 01:55:13 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 15
    Last-Modified: Wed, 05 Jun 2019 01:00:48 GMT
    Connection: keep-alive
    ETag: "5cf71440-f"
    Accept-Ranges: bytes
    
    [09:55 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl -I 10.0.0.7|awk 'NR==1{print $2}'
      % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
      0    15    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
    200
    [09:55 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl -I 10.0.0.7 2>/dev/null|awk 'NR==1{print $2}'
    200
    
    

    2.第二种方法:

    curl -sw "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null baidu.com

    [09:59 root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl -sw "%{http_code}\n" -o /dev/null baidu.com
    200
    
    

    安装需要的软件包:

    rpm压缩包链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1jmr-c3i1EUzRtkH9IGEv9Q 提取码: ge4j

    yum remove php-mysql-5.4 php php-fpm php-common
    rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
    rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
    
    yum -y install php71w php71w-cli php71w-common php71w-devel php71w-embedded php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt php71w-mbstring php71w-pdo php71w-xml php71w-fpm php71w-mysqlnd php71w-opcache php71w-pecl-memcached php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pecl-mongodb
    
    yum install -y mariadb-server 
    
    

    3.配置模块内容:

    修改前请备份
    return 200 "location ~* .(gif|jpg|jpeg) \n";这一行最后不要加$符号,不识别正则符号。
    修改后重启 检查语法

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cp 01-www.conf 01-www.conf.bak
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# vim 01-www.conf
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.oldboy.com;
        root   html/www;
        location / {
           return 200  "location / \n";
        }
        location = / {
            return 200 "location = \n";
        }
        location /documents/ {
            return 200 "location /documents/ \n";
        }
        location ^~ /images/ {
            return 200 "location ^~ /images/ \n";
        }
        location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
            return 200 "location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg) \n";
        }
        access_log off;
    }
    [10:53 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    [10:54 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx 
    
    

    4.测试一下

    =     精确
    ^~    不匹配正则
    ~*    不区分大小写正则匹配
    /documents    匹配路径
    /      默认
    
    
    image
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# curl 10.0.0.7
    location = 
    
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# curl 10.0.0.7/
    location = 
    
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# curl 10.0.0.7/oldboy.html
    location / 
    
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# curl 10.0.0.7/documents/alex.txt
    location /documents/ 
    
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# curl 10.0.0.7/lidao/documents/alex.txt
    location / 
    
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# curl 10.0.0.7/oldboy.jpg
    location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg) 
    
    #验证/documents与~* 的优先级
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# curl 10.0.0.7/documents/oldboy.jpg
    location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg) 
    
    #验证 ~* 与 ^~ 优先级
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# curl 10.0.0.7/images/oldboy.jpg
    location ^~ /images/ 
    
    

    ※四、LNMP博客搭建

    image
    image image
    image

    1.配置/etc/nginx/conf.d/下的 02-blog.conf 文件

    1.提前备份02-blog.conf
    2.添加php动态页面
    3.重启并检查

    [12:01 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cp 02-blog.conf 02-blog.conf.bak
    [12:01 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# vim 02-blog.conf
    server   {
        listen       80;
        server_name  blog.oldboy.com;
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access_blog.log  main;
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html/blog;
        location / {
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
        }
       location ~* \.(php|php5)$ {
           fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
           fastcgi_index  index.php;
           fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
           include        fastcgi_params;
       }
    
    }
    [12:07 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx
    [12:07 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    
    

    2.配置MySQL

    1.提前安装MySQL,重启MySQL的mariadb服务
    2.查看进程号ss -lntup |grep mysql
    3.查看进程 ps -ef |grep mysql
    4.然后执行mysql命令进入

    [12:10 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# systemctl start mariadb.service 
    [12:10 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]#  ss -lntup |grep mysql 
    tcp    LISTEN     0      50        *:3306                  *:*                   users:(("mysqld",pid=8793,fd=13))
    [12:10 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]#  ps -ef |grep mysql 
    mysql      8631      1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
    mysql      8793   8631 11 12:09 ?        00:00:02 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    root       8883   7472  0 12:10 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
    [12:10 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# mysql
    Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MariaDB connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> 
    
    
    image

    ※①查看系统中所有数据库的命令

    show databases;

    结尾要加分号

    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | test               |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> 
    
    

    ※②查看系统中所有的用户信息

    select user,host from mysql.user;
    MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
    +------+-----------+
    | user | host      |
    +------+-----------+
    | root | 127.0.0.1 |
    | root | ::1       |
    |      | localhost |
    | root | localhost |
    |      | web01     |
    | root | web01     |
    +------+-----------+
    6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> 
    
    

    ※③创建一个新的数据库wordpress

    create database wordpress;

    最后为数据库名字

    MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | test               |
    | wordpress          |
    +--------------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> 
    
    

    ※④创建用户 并给权限,密码,允许谁登录

    grant all on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'172.16.1.%' identified by '123456';
    grant all on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

    >grant   创建用户并给权限
    >all     所有权限
    >on      指定的是
    >wordpress.*    wordpress数据库的.所有表
    >
    >'wordpress'@'localhost'     ‘用户名'@'ip.登录' (%==*)
    >identified by '123456';      密码是 '123456';
    
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'172.16.1.%' id
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'localhost' ide
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
    +-----------+------------+
    | user      | host       |
    +-----------+------------+
    | root      | 127.0.0.1  |
    | wordpress | 172.16.1.% |
    | root      | ::1        |
    |           | localhost  |
    | root      | localhost  |
    | wordpress | localhost  |
    |           | web01      |
    | root      | web01      |
    +-----------+------------+
    8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    

    ※⑤ctrl c退出mysql,重新进入新创建的数据库用户

    mysql -uwordpress -p

    -p后直接输入密码也可以
    -u与-p后不能加空格

    -u:连接MySQL服务器的用户名
    -p:连接MySQL服务器的密码
    image
    [12:33 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# mysql -uwordpress -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MariaDB connection id is 8
    Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> 
    
    

    3.搭建PHP环境

    1.修改/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf中的user与group为nginx

    2.检查 用户与用户组是否为nginx

    egrep -n 'user|group' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

    3.重启 php-fpm.service 服务

    systemctl restart php-fpm.service

    4.查看端口号与进程(9000)

    ss -lntup|grep 9000
    ps -ef |grep php

    [12:45 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# egrep -n '^user|^group' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
    8:user = nginx
    10:group = nginx
    [12:45 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]#  systemctl restart php-fpm.service 
    [12:45 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# ss -lntup|grep 9000
    tcp    LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:9000                  *:*                   users:(("php-fpm",pid=9013,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=9012,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=9011,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=9010,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=9009,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=9008,fd=7))
    [12:45 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# ps -ef |grep php 
    root       9008      1  1 12:45 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)
    nginx      9009   9008  0 12:45 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
    nginx      9010   9008  0 12:45 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
    nginx      9011   9008  0 12:45 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
    nginx      9012   9008  0 12:45 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
    nginx      9013   9008  0 12:45 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
    root       9017   7472  0 12:45 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto php
    
    

    Nginx与PHP之间:

    image

    5. 切换到blog站点目录下,添加以php结尾的文件

    vim info.php
    注意php的语法格式

    [12:50 root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/
    [12:50 root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]# vim info.php
    <?php
    phpinfo();
    ?>
    
    

    浏览器查看网页http://10.0.0.7/info.php

    image

    如果访问没有显示出来,主要原因就是Nginx没有将请求抛给PHP,主要去看nginx的配置

    首先保证02-blog.conf配置文件是在第一位,把其他的配置模块先压缩或注释掉。

    image

    第二种就是配置的内容是否有错误,是否生效

    image

    6.在blog站点目录下创建第二个文件mysi.php

    [root@web01 /blog]# vim mysqli.php 
    <?php
    $servername = "localhost";
    $username = "wordpress";
    $password = "123456";
    
    // 创建连接
    $conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
    
    // 检测连接
    if (!$conn) {
        die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
    }
    echo "php连接MySQL数据库成功";
    ?>
    
    

    然后用浏览器访问网站

    http://10.0.0.7/mysqli.php

    image

    7.搭建wordpress博客

    官网:https://cn.wordpress.org/
    wordpress开源博客压缩包链接:
    https://pan.baidu.com/s/1KOI3FZV8VY22rxD731pp0g 提取码: 7naq

    image

    1.解压后讲wordpress下的所有内容移动到blog站点目录下

    image

    修改权限blog站点目录的属主属组为nginx

    [root@web01 ~]#  chown  -R nginx.nginx /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/
    [root@web01 ~]# ll -d /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/
    drwxr-xr-x 5 nginx nginx 4096 Jun  6 21:03 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog/
    
    

    8.浏览器输入网址http://10.0.0.7

    image

    填写用户名密码

    image

    输入信息

    image

    登录账户密码

    image

    9.登录后我们回到虚拟机查看数据库

    show tables from wordpress;
    已经创建好了数据库中的表

    image

    10.最后我们的博客就搭建好了,可以进入博客写文章了

    博客的内容都放到了数据库里

    image
    image

    我们可以在数据库中查看一下博客网站的内容

    MariaDB [(none)]> select * from wordpress.wp_posts\G
    \G让内容对齐

    MariaDB [(none)]> select * from wordpress.wp_posts\G
    
    

    11.鼠标右键复制图片地址然后查看图片地址

    image

    再去虚拟机中查看一下此路径下有什么

    有重复的图片是因为自动给裁剪为各种尺寸的图片了

    image

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        本文标题:LNMP服务

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