iOS 常用权限的获取及基本使用

作者: 洁简 | 来源:发表于2017-11-13 09:54 被阅读1299次

iOS 常用权限的获取及基本使用
iOS开发常用权限汇总
[续]iOS开发中的这些权限，你搞懂了吗？
iOS开发中权限再度梳理
iOS 越狱开发入门
iOS14 limited 相册权限和PHPickerConfi
iOS 视屏压缩
iOS本地推送通知的简单封装（定时提醒、重复提醒）
android wallpaper
iOS开发中的常用define定义

开发中隐私权限经常使用,自己做了一下总结,并且对其也做了基本的使用.

首先苹果的权限大致上有这么多:

权限
转换为code是

<key>NSSpeechRecognitionUsageDescription</key>
    <string>语音识别</string>
    <key>NSSiriUsageDescription</key>
    <string>Siri</string>
    <key>NSRemindersUsageDescription</key>
    <string>提醒事项</string>
    <key>NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription</key>
    <string>相册</string>
    <key>NSPhotoLibraryAddUsageDescription</key>
    <string>相册</string>
    <key>NFCReaderUsageDescription</key>
    <string>NFC</string>
    <key>kTCCServiceMediaLibrary</key>
    <string>音乐</string>
    <key>NSMotionUsageDescription</key>
    <string>运动与健康</string>
    <key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
    <string>麦克风</string>
    <key>NSAppleMusicUsageDescription</key>
    <string>媒体资料库</string>
    <key>NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription</key>
    <string>定位</string>
    <key>NSLocationUsageDescription</key>
    <string>定位</string>
    <key>NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription</key>
    <string>定位</string>
    <key>NSLocationAlwaysAndWhenInUseUsageDescription</key>
    <string>定位</string>
    <key>NSHomeKitUsageDescription</key>
    <string>HomeKit</string>
    <key>NSHealthUpdateUsageDescription</key>
    <string>健康更新</string>
    <key>NSHealthShareUsageDescription</key>
    <string>健康分享</string>
    <key>NSFaceIDUsageDescription</key>
    <string>Face ID</string>
    <key>NSContactsUsageDescription</key>
    <string>通讯录</string>
    <key>NSCameraUsageDescription</key>
    <string>相机</string>
    <key>NSCalendarsUsageDescription</key>
    <string>日历</string>
    <key>NSBluetoothPeripheralUsageDescription</key>
    <string>蓝牙</string>

其中有一些是iOS11增加的.官方文档

1.联网权限

联网权限基本最先出现
导入#import <CoreTelephony/CTCellularData.h> //网络权限
说明:只能获取首次进入APP是否允许蜂窝网络权限,其实也可以不判断

- (void)getNetworkPermissions:(void (^)(BOOL))completion {
    CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc] init];
    CTCellularDataRestrictedState authState = cellularData.restrictedState;
    if (authState == kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown) {
        cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier = ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state){
            if (state == kCTCellularDataNotRestricted) {
                dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(YES);
                    }
                });
            }else{
                dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                    [self createAlertWithMessage:@"无线数据"];
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(NO);
                    }
                });
            }
        };
    } else if (authState == kCTCellularDataNotRestricted){
        if (completion) {
            completion(YES);
        }
    } else {
        [self createAlertWithMessage:@"无线数据"];
        if (completion) {
            completion(NO);
        }
    }
}

2.相册权限

相册权限无非就是获取图片获取图片则分为单张或多张.
权限的获取:导入#import <Photos/Photos.h> //iOS8后

- (void)getPhotoPermissions:(void (^)(BOOL))completion {
    PHAuthorizationStatus status = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
    //首次安装APP，用户还未授权 系统会请求用户授权
    if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined) {
        [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(YES);
                    }
                } else {
                    //点击不允许 给用户提示框
                    [self createAlertWithMessage:@"相册"];
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(NO);
                    }
                }
            });
        }];
    } else if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
        NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        if (completion) {
            completion(YES);
        }
    } else {
        [self createAlertWithMessage:@"相册"];
        if (completion) {
            completion(NO);
        }
    }
}

简单使用:若是单张可用系统的UIImagePickerController iOS 11后则不需要权限就可以,当然我们也可以控制在使用前套上一层权限.具体使用可见demo
多张图片可以用第三方库TZImagePickerController

3.相机权限

相机可用来拍照,扫描二维码,视频等
权限获取:

- (void)getCameraPermissions:(void (^)(BOOL))completion {
    AVAuthorizationStatus status = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
    if (status == AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined) {
        [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                if (granted) {
                    //用户接受
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(YES);
                    }
                } else {
                    //用户拒绝
                    [self createAlertWithMessage:@"相机"];
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(NO);
                    }
                }
            });
        }];
    } else if (status == AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
        if (completion) {
            completion(YES);
        }
    } else {
        [self createAlertWithMessage:@"相机"];
        if (completion) {
            completion(NO);
        }
    }
}

使用:可用系统自带的UIImagePickerController,我自己也自定义了两种相机一个是简单拍照.一个是二维码扫描详细使用可见demo
拍照后可保存图片到相册.两种方法:

#if 0
    //方式1:保存图片到系统相册 注意:在保存之前需要获取相册权限
    UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum( self.cameraArr.firstObject, self, @selector(image:didFinishSavingWithError:contextInfo:), nil);
#endif
    [[PHPhotoLibrary sharedPhotoLibrary] performChanges:^{
        //2:保存图片到系统相册
        [PHAssetChangeRequest creationRequestForAssetFromImage:self.cameraArr.firstObject];
    } completionHandler:^(BOOL success, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        if (!success) return ;
        NSLog(@"保存成功");
    }];
//第一种方式的回调:
- (void)image:(UIImage *)image didFinishSavingWithError:(NSError *)error contextInfo:(void *)contextInfo {
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"保存失败");
    } else {
        NSLog(@"保存成功");
    }
}

4.通讯录权限

通讯录获取联系人和手机号
权限获取:导入#import <Contacts/Contacts.h> //通讯录权限

- (void)getAddressBookPermissions:(void (^)(BOOL))completion {
    CNContactStore * contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc]init];
    CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts] ;
    if (status== CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined) {
        [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                if (error) {
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(NO);
                    }
                    return;
                }
                if (granted) {
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(YES);
                    }
                } else {
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(NO);
                    }
                    [self createAlertWithMessage:@"通讯录"];
                }
            });
        }];
    } else  if (status== CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized){
        if (completion) {
            completion(YES);
        }
    } else {
        if (completion) {
            completion(NO);
        }
        [self createAlertWithMessage:@"通讯录"];
    }
}

需要注意的是这是iOS9之后的
使用:用到了自带的CNContactPickerViewController可见demo

5.定位权限

定位权限用来获取地理位置,分为使用期间获取和一直获取
获取权限:#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h> //定位权限

- (void)getAlwaysLocationPermissions:(BOOL)always completion:(void (^)(BOOL))completion {
    //先判断定位服务是否可用
    if (![CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]) {
        NSAssert([CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled], @"Location service enabled failed");
        return;
    }
    BOOL locationEnable = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
    if (!self.locationManager) {
        self.locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
        self.locationManager.delegate = self;
    }
    CLAuthorizationStatus status = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        if (!locationEnable || (status < 3 && status > 0)) {
            if (completion) {
                completion(NO);
            }
            [self createAlertWithMessage:@"位置"];
        } else if (status == kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined){
            //获取授权认证
            self.getLocation = completion;
            if (always) {
                [_locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
            } else {
                [_locationManager requestWhenInUseAuthorization]; //使用时开启定位
            }
        } else {
            if (always) {
                if (status == kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways) {
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(YES);
                    }
                } else {
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(NO);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if (completion) {
                    completion(YES);
                }
            }
        }
    });
}

完整代码可见demo
使用:可以获取经纬度以及地理位置和对地图的使用,地图的使用用了系统的MapKit具体使用可以看demo

6.蓝牙权限

权限的获取:#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h> //蓝牙权限

- (void)getBluetoothPermissions:(void(^)(BOOL authorized))completion {
    CBPeripheralManagerAuthorizationStatus authStatus = [CBPeripheralManager authorizationStatus];
    if (authStatus == CBPeripheralManagerAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined) {
        CBCentralManager *cbManager = [[CBCentralManager alloc] init];
        [cbManager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
    } else if (authStatus == CBPeripheralManagerAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
        if (completion) {
            completion(YES);
        }
    } else {
        completion(NO);
    }
}

具体的使用自己没有用例.可以参考第三方:BabyBluetooth和EasyBluetooth

7.麦克风权限

麦克风无非就是录音
权限获取:

- (void)getMicrophonePermissions:(void(^)(BOOL authorized))completion {
    AVAuthorizationStatus authStatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];
    if (authStatus == AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined) {
        [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                if (granted) {
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(YES);
                    }
                } else {
                    [self createAlertWithMessage:@"麦克风"];
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(NO);
                    }
                }
            });
        }];
        
    } else if(authStatus == AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized){
        if (completion) {
            completion(YES);
        }
    } else {
        [self createAlertWithMessage:@"麦克风"];
        if (completion) {
            completion(NO);
        }
    }
}

使用:自己做了一个简单的录音播放的功能具体可见demo

8.推送权限

推送在iOS10上变化较大
权限获取:导入#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h> //推送权限

/** 推送iOS10以上 */
- (void)getPushPermissions:(void(^)(BOOL authorized))completion {
    [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] requestAuthorizationWithOptions:UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound | UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionCarPlay completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            if (granted) {
                if (completion) {
                    completion(YES);
                }
            } else {
                if (completion) {
                    completion(NO);
                }
                [self createAlertWithMessage:@"通知"];
            }
        });
    }];
}

使用可见demo
参考第三方PushNotificationManager

9.语音识别权限

语音识别是iOS10推出需要注意
权限获取:导入#import <Speech/Speech.h> //语音识别

- (void)getSpeechRecognitionPermissions:(void(^)(BOOL authorized))completion {
    SFSpeechRecognizerAuthorizationStatus authStatus = [SFSpeechRecognizer authorizationStatus];
    if (authStatus == SFSpeechRecognizerAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined) {
        [SFSpeechRecognizer requestAuthorization:^(SFSpeechRecognizerAuthorizationStatus status) {
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                if (status == SFSpeechRecognizerAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(YES);
                    }
                } else {
                    [self createAlertWithMessage:@"语音识别"];
                    if (completion) {
                        completion(NO);
                    }
                }
            });
        }];
    } else if (authStatus == SFSpeechRecognizerAuthorizationStatusAuthorized){
        if (completion) {
            completion(YES);
        }
    } else {
        [self createAlertWithMessage:@"语音识别"];
        if (completion) {
            completion(NO);
        }
    }
}

对于其使用只是简单的本地文件识别成功,对于一个音乐MP3文件识别不是特别好
使用可见demo

9.日历及提醒事项权限

用到的库

#import <EventKit/EventKit.h>               //日历备忘录

//EKEntityTypeEvent    日历
//EKEntityTypeReminder 提醒事项
    EKEventStore *eventStore = [[EKEventStore alloc] init];
    [eventStore requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            if (granted) {
                if (completion) {
                    completion(YES);
                }
            } else {
                if (completion) {
                    completion(NO);
                }
                [self createAlertWithMessage:@"日历"];
            }
        });
    }];

使用可见demo
需要注意:添加提醒事项需要打开iCloud里面的日历,日历权限和提醒权限必须同时申请.
不然会出现

Error Domain=EKErrorDomain Code=1 "尚未设定日历。" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=尚未设定日历。

此问题可参考:EKErrorDomain Code=1

另外还有一些其他不太常用的权限暂时没有总结.

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