MySQL作为开源占比很高的数据库，安装是基本功，说学逗唱一样都不能落下，需要随时拿可以展示出来，有时间写一篇文章简单介绍下安装流程。本次安装未优化配置文件。
可以从官网获取安装方法https://www.mysql.com/
机器：腾讯云CVM
centos7.8
[root@VM-16-16-centos ~]# uname -a
Linux VM-16-16-centos 3.10.0-1127.13.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 23 15:46:38 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
一. yum安装
yum安装：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-yum-repo.html
(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-yum-repo-quick-guide/en/)
使用MySQL Yum存储库时，默认情况下会选择最新的GA系列
1. 安装MySQL需要先卸载Mariadb
[root@VM-16-16-centos ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
[root@VM-16-16-centos ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 will be erased
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
...
Removed:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7
Dependency Removed:
postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7
Complete!
2. 获取Yum存储库文件
[root@VM-16-16-centos ~]# cd /data
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
...
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|184.51.136.242|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 26024 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm’
100%[=====================================================================================>] 26,024 99.7KB/s in 0.3s
2021-03-02 15:48:41 (99.7 KB/s) - ‘mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm’ saved [26024/26024]
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26024 Apr 25 2019 mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
warning: mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql80-community-release-el7-3 ################################# [100%]
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 614 Mar 2 15:25 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230 Mar 2 15:25 CentOS-Epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 616 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2076 Apr 25 2019 mysql-community.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2108 Apr 25 2019 mysql-community-source.repo
查看/etc/yum.repo.d/，yum存储库文件已存在，查看文件配置是否符合我们的要求（安装5.7最新的GA版本，不安装8.0,8.0应该是默认配置）
查看yum库文件内容
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Enable to use MySQL 5.7
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql-tools-preview]
name=MySQL Tools Preview
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql-cluster-7.5-community]
name=MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-7.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql-cluster-7.6-community]
name=MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-7.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql-cluster-8.0-community]
name=MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-cluster-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
可以看到enabled有如下几项，需要使用5.7，可以在这里手动修改，也可以使用命令直接修改
image.png
3. 设置yum库文件，调整安装版本为5.7
不修改的话，我们直接安装就是安装下面enabled的几项，也就是对应的库文件中的几项内容
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 185
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community enabled: 123
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Sour disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server disabled
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server disabled
mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server enabled: 229
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - disabled
使用命令修改为安装5.7最新的GA版本
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
=================================================== repo: mysql57-community ===================================================
[mysql57-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
...
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql57-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
basearch
username =
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
=================================================== repo: mysql80-community ===================================================
[mysql80-community]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = mysql80-community/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
basearch
username =
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
...
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 185
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community enabled: 123
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server enabled: 484
4. yum安装MySQL
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
mysql-connectors-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql57-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
...
Installed:
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.33-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.33-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.33-1.el7
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.33-1.el7 numactl-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.12-5.el7
Complete!
5. 启动、测试MySQL
我这里是全新安装，服务在启动的时候就已经初始化了
启动的时候会创建一个超级用户'root'@'localhost' ， 密码存放在日志文件中/var/log/mysqld.log
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-03-02 16:06:31 CST; 18s ago
...
Mar 02 16:06:24 VM-16-16-centos systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Mar 02 16:06:31 VM-16-16-centos systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.33, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
查看MySQL 的 root用户密码
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-03-02T08:06:25.816954Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: uD)0nK,M.rfB
登录MySQL，修改以及测试密码
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
...
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Test@1234';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ^DBye
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
6. yum升级MySQL
yum升级没有实际测试过效果，现网环境请慎重使用
MySQL是5.7的最新版本，所以升级只能往8.0走，修改yum库文件开启mysql8.0版本
[root@VM-16-16-centos ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
...
[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
...
升级MySQL
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# yum update mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
mysql-connectors-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql-tools-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql57-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
mysql80-community | 2.6 kB 00:00:00
...
Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.23-1.el7
Updated:
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.23-1.el7
Dependency Updated:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.23-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.23-1.el7
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.23-1.el7
Complete!
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 8.0.23 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
二. 使用二进制文件安装MySQL
下载MySQL二进制包：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
image.png
1. 创建用户和组
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# groupadd mysql
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
2. 上传二进制文件，解压到指定目录
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# ls
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# tar xf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# ls
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]#
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mv mysql /usr/local/
3. 添加环境变量
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# tail -n 1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# source /etc/profile
查看是否添加成功
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
4. 卸载mariadb 、 MySQL
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# yum remove mariadb-libs -y
5. 创建基本目录、授权、安装依赖
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mkdir /data/binlog
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data /usr/local/mysql
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# yum install libaio-devel numactl -y
6. 初始化
--initialize了 “默认安全”安装（即包括生成随机初始的 root密码）。在这种情况下，密码被标记为已过期，您必须选择一个新密码。
--initialize-insecure不会root生成密码
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
2021-03-03T07:45:00.830212Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-03-03T07:45:01.317426Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-03-03T07:45:01.420513Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-03-03T07:45:01.510059Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 5c439073-7bf4-11eb-a535-5254007a3b3b.
2021-03-03T07:45:01.514516Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-03-03T07:45:01.514993Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hy5m:is(ca*B
密码是hy5m:is(ca*B
7. 配置文件
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> user=mysql
> basedir=/usr/local/mysql
> datadir=/data/mysql/data
> server_id=51
> socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
> [mysql]
> socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
> EOF
8. 使用systemd管理
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# cat > /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<EOF
> [Unit]
> Description=MySQL Server
> Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
> Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
> After=network.target
> After=syslog.target
> [Install]
> WantedBy=multi-user.target
> [Service]
> User=mysql
> Group=mysql
> ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
> LimitNOFILE = 5000
> EOF
9. 启动MySQL
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-03-03 15:45:57 CST; 1s ago
...
10. 测试密码是否正常、修改密码
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Test@123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ^DBye
[root@VM-16-16-centos data]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
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