美文网首页kkUbuntuLinux学习
Ubuntu快速搭建C++开发环境(VS Code编辑器)

Ubuntu快速搭建C++开发环境(VS Code编辑器)

作者: 小古银 | 来源:发表于2019-04-03 17:39 被阅读484次

    以下安装的是g++-8(目前最新)Visual Studio Code,此方法适用于Ubuntu 14.04 64位Ubuntu 16.04 32位/64位Ubuntu 18.04,Ubuntu 14.04 32位及以下系统无效。打开终端并且输入以下命令即可。

    安装g++-8

    1. 安装software-properties-common:

      sudo apt-get -y install software-properties-common
      
    2. 添加PPA到库并更新(会提示按回车继续执行,此时按回车即可):

      sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
      
    3. 更新软件信息:

      sudo apt-get update
      
    4. 安装g++:

      sudo apt-get -y install g++-8
      
    5. 将g++指向g++-8:

      sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/g++-8 /usr/bin/g++
      
    6. 显示g++版本号,如果正常显示版本号意味着安装成功:

      g++ --version
      

    安装Visual Studio Code

    1. 安装libgconf库:

      sudo apt-get install -y libgconf-2-4
      
    2. 安装git:

      sudo apt-get -y install git
      
    3. 添加PPA到库并更新(会提示按回车继续执行,此时按回车即可):

      sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-desktop/ubuntu-make
      
    4. 更新软件信息:

      sudo apt-get update
      
    5. 安装ubuntu-make:

      sudo apt-get -y install ubuntu-make
      
    6. 通过ubuntu-make安装Visual Studio Code;过程中会询问安装路径,此时不需要修改直接按回车即可;然后会询问是否接受协议,此时输入a然后回车即可:

      sudo umake ide visual-studio-code
      
    7. 创建软链接到程序目录下:

      sudo ln -sf `env | grep ^HOME= | cut -c 6-`/.local/share/umake/ide/visual-studio-code/bin/code /usr/bin/code
      
    8. 创建项目目录:

      mkdir ~/Projects
      
    9. 显示Visual Studio Code版本号,如果正常显示版本号意味着安装成功:

      code --version
      
    10. 运行VS Code:

      code
      
    11. 安装中文语言包:

      1. 按下键盘Ctrl+Shift+X
      2. 在输入框里输入Chinese
      3. 按下中文(简体)后面的install
      4. 安装完后按下Ctrl+Shift+P打开命令面板
      5. 输入config后选择配置语言命令
      6. 选择Configure Display Language
      7. "locale":"en"改成"locale": "zh-cn",然后按下键盘Ctrl+S保存源文件
      8. 关闭VS Code
      安装中文语言包 步骤1
      安装中文语言包 步骤2
      安装中文语言包 步骤3

    创建第一个C++项目(以下步骤除非有特殊说明,否则每次创建项目都要执行一次):

    1. 创建项目目录cppdemo,用于学习创建第一个C++项目,并进入cppdemo目录中:

      mkdir ~/Projects/cppdemo && cd ~/Projects/cppdemo
      
    2. 创建配置目录:

      mkdir ./.vscode
      
    3. 添加编译配置文件(输入以下内容然后按回车):

      cat > .vscode/tasks.json << EOF
      {
          "version": "2.0.0",
          "tasks": [
              {
                  "label": "build",
                  "type": "shell",
                  "command": "g++",
                  "args": [
                      "-std=c++17",
                      "-Wall",
                      "-Wextra",
                      "-g",
                      "-ggdb",
                      "mycpp.cpp",
                      "-o",
                      "demoapp.out"
                  ],
                  "group": "build",
                  "presentation": {
                      "reveal": "always",
                  },
                  "problemMatcher": "\$gcc"
              }
          ]
      }
      EOF
      
    4. 添加运行配置文件(输入以下内容然后按回车):

      cat > .vscode/launch.json << EOF
      {
          "version": "0.2.0",
          "configurations": [
              {
                  "name": "(gdb) Launch",
                  "type": "cppdbg",
                  "request": "launch",
                  "program": "\${workspaceFolder}/demoapp.out",
                  "args": [],
                  "stopAtEntry": false,
                  "cwd": "\${workspaceFolder}",
                  "environment": [],
                  "externalConsole": true,
                  "MIMode": "gdb",
                  "setupCommands": [
                      {
                          "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                          "ignoreFailures": true
                      }
                  ],
                  "preLaunchTask": "build"
              }
          ]
      }
      EOF
      
    5. 添加智能提示配置文件(输入以下内容然后按回车):

      if [ `getconf LONG_BIT` -eq "64" ]; then
      cat > .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json << EOF
      {
          "configurations": [
              {
                  "name": "Linux",
                  "includePath": [
                      "/usr/include/c++/8",
                      "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/8",
                      "/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
                      "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include",
                      "/usr/local/include",
                      "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
                      "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu",
                      "/usr/include",
                      "${workspaceRoot}"
                  ],
                  "defines": [],
                  "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
                  "browse": {
                      "path": [
                          "/usr/include/c++/8",
                          "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/8",
                          "/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
                          "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include",
                          "/usr/local/include",
                          "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
                          "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu",
                          "/usr/include",
                          "${workspaceRoot}"
                      ],
                      "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
                      "databaseFilename": ""
                  }
              }
          ],
          "version": 3
      }
      EOF
      else
      cat > .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json << EOF
      {
          "configurations": [
              {
                  "name": "Linux",
                  "includePath": [
                      "/usr/include/c++/8",
                      "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/c++/8",
                      "/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
                      "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include",
                      "/usr/local/include",
                      "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
                      "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu",
                      "/usr/include",
                      "${workspaceRoot}"
                  ],
                  "defines": [],
                  "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
                  "browse": {
                      "path": [
                          "/usr/include/c++/8",
                          "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/c++/8",
                          "/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
                          "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include",
                          "/usr/local/include",
                          "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
                          "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu",
                          "/usr/include",
                          "${workspaceRoot}"
                      ],
                      "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
                      "databaseFilename": ""
                  }
              }
          ],
          "version": 3
      }
      EOF
      fi
      
    6. 创建C++源文件mycpp.cpp(代码就是写在这个文件):

      touch mycpp.cpp
      
    7. 用Visual Studio Code打开当前工作环境(不要忽略最后的点哟):

      code .
      
    8. 双击mycpp.cpp打开文件,第一次会提示安装C++插件,点击安装,然后等待右下角消息安装完成(只需执行一次,以后都不需要再执行)。

    安装C++扩展
    1. 双击打开mycpp.cpp,然后输入以下代码:

      #include <iostream>
      
      int main(void)
      {
          std::cout << "小古银的C++教程" << std::endl;
          return 0;
      }
      
      第一个 Hello world 程序
    2. 按下Ctrl+Shift+B,然后选择build,就会开始编译。

      编译
    3. 编译完后,在终端窗口按回车键关闭终端。

      编译完按回车关闭终端
    4. 点击菜单栏中的终端,然后点击新建终端,就会打开终端窗口。

      新建终端窗口
    5. 然后在终端输入以下内容,就会运行程序:

      ./demoapp.out
      
    6. 运行程序将会显示小古银的C++教程

      运行程序 输出“小古银的C++教程”

      此时,第一个项目,也就是第一个程序就完成了。

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:Ubuntu快速搭建C++开发环境(VS Code编辑器)

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/esnzbqtx.html