之前初试k3s，发现其自带traefik实现ingress。与使用nginx实现ingress不同，traefik无需额外部署ingress-controller，自己就可以做到服务发现。
traefik自带一个web-ui，但是k3s中的默认没开启，本博客关注如何开启traefik自带的web-ui，并配置一个ingress指向此web-ui。
k3s相关的内容可见笔者另一篇博客《k3s初探》
我用的k3s版本为v1.17.0+k3s.1，其自带traefik版本为1.7.19

ingress简介

ingress有点像apache或nginx中的VirtualHost，可以做到一个ip处理指向多个域名的请求，借助http头中的Host实现七层负载均衡

traefik简介

traefik自己的一句话自我介绍为：

The Cloud Native Edge Router

其官网截图如下：

traefik官网截图
之前的官网风格更卡通一些，有个拿着交通指挥棒的golang吉祥物，可见老站的文档部分，截图如下：
老站的文档首页截图

k3s中启用traefik自带的dashboard

默认情况下k3s安装traefik没有启用其dashboard
先看配置在哪里，kubectl describe观察可得如下信息，略去不关注的：

$ kubectl describe deploy traefik -n kube-system
# 略
Pod Template:
  # 略
  Containers:
   traefik:
    Image:       traefik:1.7.14
    Ports:       80/TCP, 8880/TCP, 443/TCP, 8080/TCP
    Host Ports:  0/TCP, 0/TCP, 0/TCP, 0/TCP
    Args:
      --configfile=/config/traefik.toml
    # 略
    Mounts:
      /config from config (rw)
      /ssl from ssl (rw)
  Volumes:
   config:
    Type:      ConfigMap (a volume populated by a ConfigMap)
    Name:      traefik
    Optional:  false
   ssl:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  traefik-default-cert
    Optional:    false

可知使用了配置文件/config/traefik.toml，其挂载为一个ConfigMap，describe得到如下：

$ kubectl describe configmap traefik -n kube-system
Name:         traefik
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       app=traefik
              chart=traefik-1.77.1
              heritage=Tiller
              release=traefik
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
traefik.toml:
----
# traefik.toml
logLevel = "info"
defaultEntryPoints = ["http","https"]
[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
  address = ":80"
  compress = true
  [entryPoints.https]
  address = ":443"
  compress = true
    [entryPoints.https.tls]
      [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
      CertFile = "/ssl/tls.crt"
      KeyFile = "/ssl/tls.key"
[ping]
entryPoint = "http"
[kubernetes]
  [kubernetes.ingressEndpoint]
  publishedService = "kube-system/traefik"
[traefikLog]
  format = "json"
[metrics]
  [metrics.prometheus]
    entryPoint = "traefik"

Events:  <none>

修改前，traefik启动日志如下：

$ kubectl logs traefik-65bccdc4bd-q624r -n kube-system
{"level":"info","msg":"Using TOML configuration file /config/traefik.toml","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"No tls.defaultCertificate given for https: using the first item in tls.certificates as a fallback.","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Traefik version v1.7.14 built on 2019-08-14_09:46:58AM","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"\nStats collection is disabled.\nHelp us improve Traefik by turning this feature on :)\nMore details on: https://docs.traefik.io/basics/#collected-data\n","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Preparing server http \u0026{Address::80 TLS:\u003cnil\u003e Redirect:\u003cnil\u003e Auth:\u003cnil\u003e WhitelistSourceRange:[] WhiteList:\u003cnil\u003e Compress:true ProxyProtocol:\u003cnil\u003e ForwardedHeaders:0xc0006e5c20} with readTimeout=0s writeTimeout=0s idleTimeout=3m0s","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Preparing server https \u0026{Address::443 TLS:0xc0001270e0 Redirect:\u003cnil\u003e Auth:\u003cnil\u003e WhitelistSourceRange:[] WhiteList:\u003cnil\u003e Compress:true ProxyProtocol:\u003cnil\u003e ForwardedHeaders:0xc0006e5c40} with readTimeout=0s writeTimeout=0s idleTimeout=3m0s","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Starting server on :80","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Preparing server traefik \u0026{Address::8080 TLS:\u003cnil\u003e Redirect:\u003cnil\u003e Auth:\u003cnil\u003e WhitelistSourceRange:[] WhiteList:\u003cnil\u003e Compress:false ProxyProtocol:\u003cnil\u003e ForwardedHeaders:0xc0006e5ca0} with readTimeout=0s writeTimeout=0s idleTimeout=3m0s","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Starting provider configuration.ProviderAggregator {}","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Starting server on :8080","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Starting server on :443","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Starting provider *kubernetes.Provider {\"Watch\":true,\"Filename\":\"\",\"Constraints\":[],\"Trace\":false,\"TemplateVersion\":0,\"DebugLogGeneratedTemplate\":false,\"Endpoint\":\"\",\"Token\":\"\",\"CertAuthFilePath\":\"\",\"DisablePassHostHeaders\":false,\"EnablePassTLSCert\":false,\"Namespaces\":null,\"LabelSelector\":\"\",\"IngressClass\":\"\",\"IngressEndpoint\":{\"IP\":\"\",\"Hostname\":\"\",\"PublishedService\":\"kube-system/traefik\"}}","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"ingress label selector is: \"\"","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Creating in-cluster Provider client","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Server configuration reloaded on :443","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Server configuration reloaded on :8080","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}
{"level":"info","msg":"Server configuration reloaded on :80","time":"2019-11-15T00:42:19Z"}

先修改一下，在前述文件最后追加如下内容：

[web]
  address = ":8080"

这种情况下，依然无法访问。见官网关于web的配置文档被标记为deprecated，也可见其启动日志，其中略去重复部分

$ kubectl logs -f traefik-65bccdc4bd-5k68p -n kube-system
...
{"level":"warning","msg":"web provider configuration is deprecated, you should use these options : api, rest provider, ping and metrics","time":"2019-11-15T03:08:06Z"}
{"level":"warning","msg":"web option is ignored if you use it with one of these options : api, rest provider, ping or metrics","time":"2019-11-15T03:08:06Z"}
...
{"level":"warning","msg":"Endpoints not available for kube-system/traefik","time":"2019-11-15T03:08:06Z"}
...
{"level":"warning","msg":"Endpoints not available for kube-system/traefik","time":"2019-11-15T03:08:06Z"}
{"level":"warning","msg":"Endpoints not available for kube-system/traefik","time":"2019-11-15T03:08:06Z"}

见官网关于api的配置文档，改用api，前述文件最后追加内容改为：

[api]
  address = ":8080"
  entryPoint = "traefik"

另一种方法，可见github上traefik的示例：

kind: Deployment
# 略
spec:
  # 略
  template:
    # 略
    spec:
      # 略
      containers:
      - image: traefik:v1.7
        # 略
        args:
        - --api
        # 略

即，增加traefik启动参数--api
两种方法均可成功访问，未见日志中有新内容。

配置ingress

至此即可着手配置一个ingress，Deployment部分信息如下：

kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: traefik
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: traefik
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          name: dash
          protocol: TCP

于是在service中也增加一个指向pod的dash的端口，起名暂定dash：

  - name: dash                  
    port: 18080                 
    targetPort: dash

最后即可写出Ingress的配置：

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: traefik
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
spec:
  rules:
  - host: traefik.dracula.io
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: traefik
          servicePort: dash  # 使用service中的名字

历史版本不同之处

如果使用k3s v1.0.0，其自带traefik v1.7.14。Service中名为metrics的端口指向Pod中的dash

$ kubectl describe svc traefik -n kube-system
Name:                     traefik
Namespace:                kube-system
Labels:                   app=traefik
                          chart=traefik-1.77.1
                          heritage=Tiller
                          release=traefik
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 app=traefik,release=traefik
Type:                     LoadBalancer
IP:                       10.43.138.65
LoadBalancer Ingress:     115.171.210.215
Port:                     http  80/TCP
TargetPort:               http/TCP
NodePort:                 http  30536/TCP
Endpoints:                10.42.0.66:80
Port:                     https  443/TCP
TargetPort:               https/TCP
NodePort:                 https  30312/TCP
Endpoints:                10.42.0.66:443
Port:                     metrics  8080/TCP
TargetPort:               dash/TCP
NodePort:                 metrics  32554/TCP
Endpoints:                10.42.0.66:8080
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

$ kubectl get svc -n kube-system traefik -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2019-11-20T14:35:13Z"
  labels:
    app: traefik
    chart: traefik-1.77.1
    heritage: Tiller
    release: traefik
  name: traefik
  namespace: kube-system
  resourceVersion: "24172"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/traefik
  uid: e36ac022-9e3b-43d4-94d1-e639c02cb99e
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.43.60.112
  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
  ports:
  - name: http
    nodePort: 32125
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: http
  - name: https
    nodePort: 30918
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
  - name: metrics
    nodePort: 31742
    port: 8080
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: dash
  selector:
    app: traefik
    release: traefik
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: LoadBalancer
status:
  loadBalancer:
    ingress:
    - ip: 192.168.3.24

可知service中端口metrics对应到pod中端口dash，据此，ingress的yaml中servicePort字段不同：

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
（略）
spec:
  rules:
  - host: traefik.dracula.io
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: traefik
          servicePort: metrics  # 不同之处