部署flask项目
centos
1.卸载mysql
yum方式安装的mysql
yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs compat-mysql51
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
rm /etc/my.cnf
查看是否还有mysql软件：
rpm -qa|grep mysql
如果存在的话，继续删除即可。
2.安装mysql
下载mysql的repo源，安装mysql5.7.20，用yum安装
cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
yum -y install mysql-server
默认配置文件路径：
配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
日志文件：/var/log/mysqld.log
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
配置 my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf
加入
server_id = 1
expire_logs_days = 3
3. 启动mysql服务
service mysqld restart
重置密码
mysql -u root -p
此时提示要输入默认的密码，查看默认的密码命令如下：
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: voTmakYSE6&L
Access denied for user '-root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
可以看到密码为：voTmakYSE6&L
修改密码
mysql> set password = password('your new password');
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' password expire never;
mysql> flush privileges;
如果出现如下错误
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
表示密码太过简单，更改密码强度即可。
mysql5.7更改如下：
set global validate_password_policy=0;
set global validate_password_length=1;
mysql8.0更改如下：
set global validate_password.policy=0;
set global validate_password.length=1;
如果出现如下错误
# mysql -h172.16.4.5 -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2059 (HY000): Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded: /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
出现这个原因是mysql8 之前的版本中加密规则是mysql_native_password,而在mysql8之后,加密规则是caching_sha2_password, 解决问题方法有两种,一种是升级navicat驱动,一种是把mysql用户登录密码加密规则还原成mysql_native_password.
这里用第二种方式
1.进入mysql容器
docker exec -it mysql2 /bin/bash
2.进入mysql
mysql -uroot -pmima
3.修改密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%';
修改编码 vim /etc/my.cnf 加入
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine = INNODB
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci #不区分大小写
collation-server = utf8_bin #区分大小写
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci #比 utf8_general_ci 更准确
创建数据库
mysql> CREATE DATABASE datebasename CHARACTER SET utf8;
开启数据库远程访问权限(否则会报程序错误)
use mysql;
select t.host from user t where t.user='root'
看到如下所示则说明数据库没有开启用户远程访问
+--------------+
| host |
+--------------+
| localhost |
+--------------+
将localhost替换为%即可
update user set host='%' where host='localhost';
python3，pip
CentOS 7 默认安装了 Python 2，当需要使用 Python 3 的时候，可以手动下载 Python 源码后编译安装。
安装python 3
yum install -y openssl-devel
yum install -y libffi-devel
sudo mkdir /usr/local/python3 # 创建安装目录
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tgz # 下载 Python 源文件
# 注意：wget获取https的时候要加上：--no-check-certifica
tar -xzvf Python-3.6.2.tgz # 解压缩包
cd Python-3.6.2 # 进入解压目录
sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-ssl # 指定创建的目录
sudo make
sudo make install # 编译安装
执行./configure时可能会报错，configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH，这是因为未安装合适的编译器，安装下就好了，
sudo yum install gcc-c++
(使用sudo yum install gcc-c++时会自动安装/升级gcc及其他依赖的包。)
配置两个版本共存
创建python3的软链接：
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
这样就可以通过 python 命令使用Python2, python3 来使用Python3
安装pip
sudo yum -y install epel-release # 首先安装 epel 扩展源
sudo yum -y install python-pip # 安装 python-pip
sudo yum clean all # 清除 cache
安装虚拟环境
virtualenv
pip install virtualenv
建立python虚拟环境
virtualenv venv
source venv/bin/activate
# 推出虚拟环境使用 deactivate
根据requirements.txt文件安装依赖包
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
requirements.txt文件如下
Flask==1.0.2
Flask-Script==2.0.6
Flask-SQLAlchemy==2.3.2
PyMySQL==0.9.3
gunicorn==19.7.1
如果在安装requirements.txt出现以下错误
Collecting Flask-Script==2.0.6 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/a4/cd587b2b19f043b65bf33ceda2f6e4e6cdbd0ce18d01a52b9559781b1da6/Flask-Script-2.0.6.tar.gz
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/local/python3Dir/bin/python3.8 -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-kkgr2xye/Flask-Script/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-kkgr2xye/Flask-Script/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base pip-egg-info
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-kkgr2xye/Flask-Script/
Complete output (11 lines):
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/local/python3Dir/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 20, in <module>
from setuptools.dist import Distribution, Feature
File "/usr/local/python3Dir/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 35, in <module>
from setuptools import windows_support
File "/usr/local/python3Dir/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/windows_support.py", line 2, in <module>
import ctypes
File "/usr/local/python3Dir/lib/python3.8/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
Python3中有个内置模块叫ctypes，它是Python3的外部函数库模块，它提供兼容C语言的数据类型，并通过它调用Linux系统下的共享库(Shared library)，此模块需要使用CentOS7系统中外部函数库(Foreign function library)的开发链接库(头文件和链接库)。
由于在CentOS7系统中没有安装外部函数库(libffi)的开发链接库软件包，所以在安装pip的时候就报了"ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'"的错误。
解决办法：
使用yum install命令安装libffi-devel，然后使用make&make install 命令重新编译并安装python
在虚拟环境中安装gunicorn
pip install gunicorn
在项目目录中启动程序
gunicorn -w 5 -b 127.0.0.1:5000 manage:app -D
在服务器上安装nginx
yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y nginx
找到nginx配置文件并作修改
find / -name nginx.conf
vim nginx.conf
修改内容如下
server {
listen 80 default_server;
#listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name 202.201.1.20;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
access_log /var/log/nginx/cccc_access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/cccc_error.log;
#root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
#需要不然项目中的图片无法正常加载
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$ {
proxy_pass http://0.0.0.0:5000;
expires 30d;
}
#需要不然项目中的js|css无法正常加载
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
proxy_pass http://0.0.0.0:5000;
expires 15d;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
}
启动nginx
nginx
service nginx start
停止nginx
service nginx stop
重启nginx
service nginx restart
nginx配置文件检查
nginx -t
重新加载nginx配置
nginx -s reload
如果重载不了执行下面的命令后再重载
nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
此时即可在浏览器访问ip地址
如果访问出现
The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request.
查看nginx日志（/var/log/nginx/cccc_error.log）显示
connect() to 127.0.0.1:8080 failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream,
需要执行如下代码
setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1
项目更改后的重新部署
需要重启gunicorn：首先找到gunicorn的进程号
pstree -ap|grep gunicorn
根据找到的主进程号，重启gunicorn：
kill -HUP *****
也可以kill主进程后，用下面的命令重新部署
gunicorn -w 5 -b 127.0.0.1:5000 manage:app -D
使用定时任务重启服务
crontab -e
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
50 7 * * * kill -HUP $(ps axu |grep -v 'grep' |egrep "gunicorn"|awk '{system("echo "$2)}') && echo $(date +\%Y\%m\%d) -- "SUCCESS">> /root/crontab.log
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