链表和动态数组的比较
- 动态数组回造成内存空间的大量浪费
- 链表可以做到用多少内存就申请多少内存
链表
是一种链式存储的线性表,所有元素的内存地址不一定是连续的.
链表结构
image.png
链表的设计
-
Linked List和ArrayList接口都相同.抽取AbstractList公共方法.并提供方法实现 - 抽取
List公告接口Interface,声明相同方法,不提供实现.在Linked List和ArrayList各自类中实现具体方法.
AbstractList
public abstract class AbstractList<E> implements List<E> {
/**
* 元素的数量
*/
protected int size;
/**
* 元素的数量
* @return
*/
public int size() {
return size;
}
/**
* 是否为空
* @return
*/
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
/**
* 是否包含某个元素
* @param element
* @return
*/
public boolean contains(E element) {
return indexOf(element) != ELEMENT_NOT_FOUND;
}
/**
* 添加元素到尾部
* @param element
*/
public void add(E element) {
add(size, element);
}
protected void outOfBounds(int index) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index:" + index + ", Size:" + size);
}
protected void rangeCheck(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
outOfBounds(index);
}
}
protected void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index > size) {
outOfBounds(index);
}
}
}
LinkedList
public class LinkedList<E> extends AbstractList<E> {
private Node<E> first;
private Node<E> last;
private static class Node<E> {
E element;
Node<E> prev;
Node<E> next;
public Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
this.prev = prev;
this.element = element;
this.next = next;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (prev != null) {
sb.append(prev.element);
} else {
sb.append("null");
}
sb.append("_").append(element).append("_");
if (next != null) {
sb.append(next.element);
} else {
sb.append("null");
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
@Override
public void clear() {
size = 0;
first = null;
last = null;
}
@Override
public E get(int index) {
return node(index).element;
}
@Override
public E set(int index, E element) {
Node<E> node = node(index);
E old = node.element;
node.element = element;
return old;
}
@Override
public void add(int index, E element) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
// size == 0
// index == 0
if (index == size) { // 往最后面添加元素
Node<E> oldLast = last;
last = new Node<>(oldLast, element, null);
if (oldLast == null) { // 这是链表添加的第一个元素
first = last;
} else {
oldLast.next = last;
}
} else {
Node<E> next = node(index);
Node<E> prev = next.prev;
Node<E> node = new Node<>(prev, element, next);
next.prev = node;
if (prev == null) { // index == 0
first = node;
} else {
prev.next = node;
}
}
size++;
}
@Override
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
Node<E> node = node(index);
Node<E> prev = node.prev;
Node<E> next = node.next;
if (prev == null) { // index == 0
first = next;
} else {
prev.next = next;
}
if (next == null) { // index == size - 1
last = prev;
} else {
next.prev = prev;
}
size--;
return node.element;
}
@Override
public int indexOf(E element) {
if (element == null) {
Node<E> node = first;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (node.element == null) return i;
node = node.next;
}
} else {
Node<E> node = first;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (element.equals(node.element)) return i;
node = node.next;
}
}
return ELEMENT_NOT_FOUND;
}
/**
* 获取index位置对应的节点对象
* @param index
* @return
*/
private Node<E> node(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
if (index < (size >> 1)) {
Node<E> node = first;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
node = node.next;
}
return node;
} else {
Node<E> node = last;
for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {
node = node.prev;
}
return node;
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder string = new StringBuilder();
string.append("size=").append(size).append(", [");
Node<E> node = first;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (i != 0) {
string.append(", ");
}
string.append(node);
node = node.next;
}
string.append("]");
return string.toString();
}
}
删除链表中的节点
image.png
思路:
- 已知需要删除的节点
node.可以获取到下一个节点nextNode. - 将
下一个节点的值赋值给当前节点node.val = nextNode .val - 将当前节点的
next赋值为下一个节点的next值.node.next = node.next.next - 不是将当前节点的
next赋值为null.赋值为null就断掉了链表后面的数据.
public class ListNode {
int val;//存储的值 getter方法
ListNode next;//获取下一个节点
ListNode(int x) { //存储的值 setter方法
val = x;
}
}
public void deleteNode(ListNode node) {
node.val = node.next.val;
node.next = node.next.next;
}
反转链表
递归解释图
image.png
image.png
非递归-头插法解释图
image.png
public class ListNode {
int val;
ListNode next;
ListNode(int x) {
val = x;
}
}
//递归方法
public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
if (head == null || head.next == null) return head;
ListNode newHead = reverseList(head.next);
head.next.next = head;
head.next = null;
return newHead;
}
//非递归方法
public ListNode reverseList2(ListNode head) {
if (head == null || head.next == null) return head;
ListNode newHead = null;
while (head != null) {
ListNode tmp = head.next;
head.next = newHead;
newHead = head;
head = tmp;
}
return newHead;
}
判断一个链表是否有环
image.png
快慢指针
image.png
image.png
public boolean hasCycle(ListNode head) {
if (head == null || head.next == null) return false;
ListNode slow = head;
ListNode fast = head.next;
while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
slow = slow.next;
fast = fast.next.next;
if (slow == fast) return true;
}
return false;
}
网友评论