想法来源
Source of thinking
最近的状态，最近在家除了工作就是看书，做饭，早晨起来后会冥想静坐一下。出于一些学习目的，每天会保持看书5个小时以上，其中包含学习英语2个小时左右。但是突然发现所谓的埋头苦干的努力有时候只是瞎**搞。古人说“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。” 一味读书而不思考，就会因为不能深刻理解书本的意义而不能合理有效利用书本的知识，甚至会陷入迷茫。而如果一味空想而不去进行实实在在地学习和钻研，则终究是沙上建碉堡，必是“沙碉”。告诫我们只有把学习和思考结合起来，才能学到切实有用的知识，否则就会收效甚微。
Recently, As with most Chinese guys, I just stay at home. Most of the time when I stay at home is used to work, read, cook and with a daily 30-min meditation.For the purpose of Lifelong Learning Plan ， I will spend 5 hour each day on reading books ,which includes 2hours English learning.All of a moment, I just find out some we called making great efforts is just idle work. As a Chinese saying "Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger " tells us that we must combine thinking and learning, from which we can learn some practical knowledge instead of ineffectual without effect.
所以这是一篇自我的思考，关于如何更有效的学习。
So this is a narration of my minds, to explain how to learn more effective and resultful.
第一步 做好自我认知和心理建设
Step 1: construction of cognitive and psychological ability
对世间万事万物的认知是了解这些事物的前提，所以我把做好自我认知建设放在第一位。
I treat the construction of cognitive and psychological ability as the first step because it is a premise of the fundamental recognition of the world's all kinds of everything.
首先要意识到，个人认知和群体的认知都是有可能存在局限和错误的，无论是以前的以为地球是天圆地方，地心说，孩子不打不成材的教育观念，不用考大学也能当老板的神奇谬论，都是认知层面的问题。
Firstly , what we have to realized that the limitation and falseness of some individual and group recognition towards the world. We will easily find out some problems come from the cognition perspective ：In ancient times , people think they live in a world looks like a orbicular sky with rectangular earth; some Chinese parents believe in that physical punishment is a good educational concept. Some online article spread the social prejudice that university education is not so important because of some successful story of low academic qualification people.
存在认知的四种状态：
1. 已知的已知：知道自己知道
2.已知的未知：知道自己不知道
3.未知的已知：不知道自己知道
4.未知的未知：不知道自己不知道
There are four quadrant of our cognition towards this huge world:
1 our consciousness towards the things we have already known.
2 our consciousness towards the the things we don't know.
3 our unconsciousness toward the things we have already known.
4 our unconsciousness toward the the things we don't know.
于是我决定保持这样的心态：认识到自我认知局限性和自我认知可以不断被刷新拓展，就有人比我更牛逼，我学习后也有机会变牛逼。
The life of Man, viewed outwardly, is but a small thing in comparison with the forces of Nature. To expand my own consciousness zone， I decide to set the mind that: realizing the self-limitation of my cognition and self consciousness toward this world and keeping remind myself that my consciousness towards the world can be refresh and expand only if I stay in the progressive on knowledge.Everybody starts from zero when they are born. You can get close to the person you want to be with some kinds of method. Just like in calculus world , try to get limit towards 0. lol
怎么突破自己的认知？ 我决定这样做：
-
对外阅读更多的书，接触更多有趣的人，保持学习的心态，但是信息的质量：如阅读的书，接触的人是需要筛选的。信息的渠道也需要甄别。
-
对内保持批判性的方式去接纳新事物，在自我的不断体验，试错和观察中不断的经验总结和反思，最终提升自我的认知。
how to take a breakthrough of my cognition ：
- reading more books and contacting with more interesting people is a way of refresh my own world outlook. keep my lifelong learning plan and lay emphasis on the quality of the information I get.
- Always be critical when I decide to accept new things. Refresh my minds with self experience, trial and error , observation and introspection towards all of the things.
第二步 构建自己的知识架构体系
step 2 architecture of your knowledge
看书第一眼先看正文吗？当然不是，万一看到一半才发现还不如自己写的精彩，或者完全粗制滥造，填充内容且只为卖书圈钱，那不是亏大了？所以先看目录，整体知识脉络了解清楚。学到的知识能够在自己心中画出一副思维导图，自然能够面面俱到，手到擒来。
If we choose to read the main body of the book before the content when we are reading books, sometimes we will find out that this book is totally full of nonsense with details copy from other book, sometimes we will find out it is not as good as we write, sometimes we will find out it's just for writer’s making a profit purpose. All of these situation , maybe can be settled to read the content before the main body of the books.From the content ,we can get the framework and skeleton of the book .When this method is applied to all of the knowledge we try to learn ,we can draw a picture of mind map in our head or on the notes, from which we can easily take a look of all of the perspectives and take advantage of using it quickly when necessary.
任何知识，只在点上学习不够的，需要在面上学习，这叫系统地学习，这需要我们去总结并归纳知识树或知识图，一个知识面会有多个知识板块组成，一个板块又有各种知识点，一个知识点会导出另外的知识点，各种知识点又会交叉和依赖起来，学习就是要系统地学习整个知识树（图）。
Whatever knowledge, if we only learn from one point is not enough ,we have to learn it from the knowledge structure graph which we called systematical learning, which need us to summarize and conclude the knowledge tree and knowledge graph. Every perspective of knowledge graph will be combined by multiple knowledge units, in which we can find different knowledge points from which we can deduce other points. The crossing and overlapping of all kinds of knowledge points is so complex if learn from detail firstly , so the systematical learning can help us a lot.
了解一个知识的来龙去脉和前世今生，会让你对这个知识有非常强的掌握，而不再只是靠记忆去学习。靠记忆去学习是一件非常糟糕的事。能够知其然，知其所以然的人自然会比识知识到表皮的人段位要高很多。
The understanding of the context , present and previous of knowledge , rather than using the method of memory only，is a very powerful way to comprehend and master it. The people who understanding the cause and effect of everything definately can perform better than those only get the surface of everything.
第三步 掌握正确有效的方法
step 3 effective methods
拿我一些使用过的错误方法来当作范例。
I would like to take some wrong methods I have ever used to be a paradigm.
如背单词采取一日两小时整块时间，第二日翻开我好像见过它，它却不认识我。正确的方法，每日零碎时间记忆，早起后，吃饭前，吃饭后，午休前，等公交车时，晚休前....不占用其他整块时间，还记得牢，利用艾宾浩斯记忆曲线搞定所有记忆内容。
When I try to memorize the vocabulary , I firstly took a method of memorizing it with a whole blocks of two hours. However when I open the book next day , I cannot get the meaning. After some practical experiences ，I finally find out that I can study at odd moments like after morning getting up , before the lunch , after the lunch , before the non-break, when waiting for the bus or train, before going to sleep, from which I save my block time to do other things. By the way Ebbinghaus curve is really an amazing invention we can use to memorize all of the things.
拿烹饪来说，什么菜都往锅里一扔，一锅端，不考虑每个菜不同的属性，比如土豆炖排骨，土豆10分钟熟透，20分钟微微煮烂，根据不同口感搭配。要想有一锅色香味俱全的美味，正确的方法，还得根据不同菜的属性来按时下锅。
When I am cooking the Stewed ribs with potatoes before my mom and cookbook tell me the right way of cooking is to put the different ingredients and elements into the pot , I throw all of them into the pot at the same time ,of course , awful taste although fully cooked.
拿运动来说，除了少吃多动还有第三种减肥方法吗？比如吃饱了躺着再吃点减肥药？事实：除了少吃多动没有第三种减肥方法。也是好奇，那么多减肥产品都已经9012年了还在收大家的智商税。有可能通过一定形式的代餐产品，减少能量的摄入。但是这世界如果真有一种减肥药。那追捧度怕是超过能治疗癌症的药，那个公司市值轻松的超越阿里巴巴。
For physical exercising perspective， Are there some other methods of losing weight except for physical exercising and eating less ? For example ,taking weight-loss pills and just stay in bed. The Fact is that there are no other ways for losing weight . I treat the weight-loss pills as a blind consumption and the price paid for one's foolish behavior. Some meal replacement may help us feeling full and in some kinds of way reducing the intaking of calories. But only take a moment to think that if there are any losing weight pills in the world。 that company will surely make a million fortune than Alibaba.
就像数学一样，你学的是方法，是解题思路，是套路，会用方程式解题的和不会用方程式解题的在解题效率上不可比较，而在微积分面前，其它的解题方法都变成了渣渣。你可以看到，掌握高级方法的人比别人的优势有多大，学习的目的就是为了掌握更为高级的方法和解题思路
Just like learning math, what you are learning is the method , solution and routine ， the people who can use equation perform better than those who do not. these methods dwarf In comparision with the calculus. As you can see , those who master advanced method take more advantages than other people. To purpose of learning is to master advanced methods and ideas of solving a problem.
我最近总结的一些，正确有效的方法：
1 站在巨人的肩膀上。听网课，只听大牛的，看书，只看名作。
2 进行主题阅读，深度阅读，扩展纬度和深度。如要学习算法，就得吃透钻透。如要做一顿美味红烧肉，就得仔仔细细研究红烧肉的不同做法。
3 分类思维，对自己的知识架构进行树立，采用思维导图。
4 查漏补缺，利用费曼学习法，将自己学到的东西展示出去。这篇文章之后简书写作应该有30万字了。不过还差得远，我把写作当作一种学习方法。
5 行动思维，动态学习，可以练习。
6 不要舍近求远，直奔目标和主题就好。
7 学习区介于舒适区和痛苦区之间，只有不断的跳出舒适区，接近痛苦区，才能不断的扩展自己的舒适区，不断的扩大自己的人生半径。
I have concluded some effective method :
1 take advantage of giant's power: when listening to network curriculum ， I will choose the best. when reading books , I will only read the masterpiece or well known writer's books.
2 theme-based reading with depth and rough reading with breadth. If we wanna study algorithm better, we have to make a deliberate study of it. If we wanna cook a meal of stewed pork with brown sauce, we have to study it under tight scrutiny .
3 Categorical thought， building the knowledge map or graph with MindManager(software online)
4 check what you are missing, Feynman Study method is what I am using, demonstrating what we already learn to others. After this article I have already wrote 300,000 words. Although far away from the goals I set.
5 quick in thought and movement and learn from actions, learn from practicing
6 Don't seek far and neglect what lies close at hand, just move to the target and topic you want.
第四步 制定计划
step 4 plan making
一直认为，成年人工作和做事应该是以目标为导向的。当我们需要做某些事情时：
我们的目标是否模糊不清？
是否还没有抓住能出成果的要点？
大脑中是否还没有鲜明且现实的行动蓝图？
所以一份好的学习计划，需要设定很好的“GPS”：
G（Goal）—目标
P（Points）—达成目标的关键点是什么
S（Steps）—按照怎样的步骤才能够达成这个目标
It's my view that as an adult we should work and do things with target oriented. Before we are doing somethings, we should carefully thinking:
Are the goals distinct and clear? Are there some points we didn't get from which we can get better outcome? Are there some architectural graph set in our mind which is practical and clear?
To make a good plan for studying , I think we should set a "GPS" plan :
G（Goal）—what do you want
P（Points）—what's the key points to achieve the goals
S（Steps）—Follow what kinds of steps, can we achieve the goals
第五步 采取脚踏实地的行动
step5 take firmly grounded/practical actions
真的是每天都会发现自己的各种方法的不足，当然这些对自我方法的不足的认知，也是不断做事的情况下， 而不仅仅只是来自形而上学的思考中可以获取的。既要天马行空的思考，也要脚踏实地的做事。
Every day you will discover the disadvantage of your own methods , these kind of self awareness can be only concluded when you are taking actions everyday, not only from metaphysical thinkings. Sometimes we make unrestrained thinking , but most of the time , we have to take firmly grounded/practical actions.
如果你想拥有专业的技能，你要做不仅仅是拼命地重复一遍又一遍的训练，而是在每一次重复训练时你都要找到更好的方法，总结经验，让新的一遍能够更好，更漂亮，更有效率，否则，用相同的方法重复，那你只不过在搬砖罢了。
If you wanna get some professional skills , what you have to do is repeat it again and again with great effort. From every time of repeating training you will surprisingly discover new methods and concluded your own experiences to perform it more beautifully and effectively . If not, with the same repeat without any conclusion , what you are doing is hard labour work.
在成长中不断犯错。犯错是有利于成长的，这是因为出错会让人反思，反思更好的方法，反思更完美的方案，总结教训，寻求更好更完美的过程，是技能升级的最好的方式。尤其是当你在出错后，被人鄙视，被人嘲笑后，你会有更大的动力提升自己，这样的动力才是进步的源动力。当然，千万不要同一个错误重复地犯！
Making mistakes in the process of grow up and strong is necessary. It's a good time to rethink and make a retrospection towards ourselves when we making mistakes ,from which I have to say , it's good for us. Better methods， better scheme, lesson learning, better process, and better skill is what we can get from making mistakes.Especially when you are disdained by others ,mocked by others when you making mistakes, which is the source power, you will get more impetus to improve yourself. without doubt ，Don't make the same mistake again!
第六步 持之以恒，时间见证努力
step6 persistence, time proves all
在前面几个步骤采取后，既然已经有了前面那些步骤铺垫了，怎么用文字描述都有心灵鸡汤的嫌疑。那就一个字 “干”。
with the steps set before ,the last step can be just concluded into "just do it"
你看，还是要多读书，不然写出来的文章就好像我这样，干瘪瘪的，感觉自己的文笔像极了冬日里不害臊裸奔的小青年，管他呢，自己强身健体。
今日分享：
自由人的信仰 罗素
A Freeman's Worship
The life of Man, viewed outwardly, is but a small thing in comparison with the forces of Nature. The slave is doomed to worship Time and Fate and Death, because they are greater than anything he finds in himself, and because all his thoughts are of things which they devour. But, great as they are, to think of them greatly, to feel their passionless splendor, is greater still. And such thought makes us free men; we no longer bow before the inevitable in Oriental subjection, but we absorb it, and make it a part of ourselves. To abandon the struggle for private happiness, to expel all eagerness of temporary desire, to burn with passion for eternal things--this is emancipation, and this is the free man's worship. And this liberation is effected by a contemplation of Fate; for Fate itself is subdued by the mind which leaves nothing to be purged by the purifying fire of Time.
从外表看来，人的生命与自然的力量相比是微不足道的。奴隶注定要崇拜时间、命运和死亡。因为他内心没有比这些更伟大的思想，因为他所思所想的一切都无它们所吞噬。但是它们虽然伟大，我们若能尊敬它们，体认它们无情的壮丽，就比它们更伟大。这些思想使我们成为自由人。我们不再东方式地听天由命，屈服在无法逃避的威力前。我们承受它们，使它们成为我们生活的一部分，放弃为私人利益的奋斗，不对片刻的欲望孜孜以求。充满激情地追求永恒的事物--这就是解放；这就是自由人的信仰。这种解放是对命运深思熟虑后产生的，而被时间精炼之火净化得毫无杂质的意识决定着命运本身。
United with his fellow-men by the strongest of all ties, the tie of a common doom, the free man finds that a new vision is with him always, shedding over every daily task the light of love. The life of Man is a long march through the night, surrounded by invisible foes, tortured by weariness and pain, towards a goal that few can hope to reach, and where none may tarry long. One by one, as they march, our comrades vanish from our sight, seized by the silent orders of omnipotent Death. Very brief is the time in which we can help them, in which their happiness or misery is decided. Be it ours to shed sunshine on their path, to lighten their sorrows by the balm of sympathy, to give them the pure joy of a never-tiring affection, to strengthen failing courage, to instil faith in hours of despair. Let us not weigh in grudging scales their merits and demerits, but let us think only of their need--of the sorrows, the difficulties, perhaps the blindnesses, that make the misery of their lives; let us remember that they are fellow-sufferers in the same darkness, actors in the same tragedy as ourselves. And so, when their day is over, when their good and their evil have become eternal by the immortality of the past, be it ours to feel that, where they suffered, where they failed, no deed of ours was the cause; but wherever a spark of the divine fire kindled in their hearts, we were ready with encouragement, with sympathy, with brave words in which high courage glowed.
自由人以一切联系中最强的一种联系与他的同类团结起来，这种联系就是共同的命运，他保持着一种新的视野，让爱之光洒满一切日常事务，人的生命是黑暗中的长途跋涉，被隐形的敌人所包围。为困倦和痛苦所折磨，朝向一个难以到达而且不能久留的目标前进，在前进途中，我们的同伴一个一个地从我们眼前消失，被全能的死亡悄悄下令携走了。我们帮助他们的时间非常短暂，而正是这短暂的时间决定了他们悲喜祸福，愿我们能把阳光洒向他们的旅途，以同情的抚慰减轻他们的哀伤，以源源不断的爱心使他们感受纯洁的欢乐，在他们勇气消退时使他们振作，在他们绝望时给他们信心。我们不要用分分计较的天平去衡量他们的优点和缺点，而应考虑他们的需要，考虑那些使他们受苦的忧伤、痛苦或盲目无知。我们应该记住，他们和我们一样在黑暗中受苦受难，在同一个悲剧里扮演角色，因此，当他们的年寿已尽，当时间把他们的善与恶化为不朽的过去而成为永恒时，愿我们能感到，我们从来不是使他们受苦受挫折的原因；愿我们能感到，当他们的心中闪烁着圣火时，我们曾同情他们，安慰他们，并曾用豪言壮语鼓舞他们。
Brief and powerless is Man's life; on him and all his race the slow, sure doom falls pitiless and dark. Blind to good and evil, reckless of destruction, omnipotent matter rolls on its relentless way; for Man, condemned today to lose his dearest, to-morrow himself to pass through the gate of darkness, it remains only to cherish, ere yet the blow falls, the lofty thoughts that ennoble his little day; disdaining the coward terrors of the slave of Fate, to worship at the shrine that his own hands have built; undismayed by the empire of chance, to preserve a mind free from the wanton tyranny that rules his outward life; proudly defiant of the irresistible forces that tolerate, for a moment, his knowledge and his condemnation, to sustain alone, a weary but unyielding Atlas, the world that his own ideals have fashioned despite the trampling march of unconscious power.
人的生命是短暂而脆弱的，不可避免的死亡虽然缓慢，但一定会降临在每一个人身上，阴森而无情，这个全能的物质世界毫不容情地滚滚前行无视善恶，任意摧毁，对于人来说，注定今天要失去最亲爱的亲人朋友，明天自己也要通过黑暗的死亡之门，人的生命存在就在于死亡来袭之前，珍惜那些使他短暂的生命变得高贵的思想，鄙弃对命运的恐惧，对自建的圣坛顶礼膜拜，不受机缘的摆布，摆脱主宰他外部生活的粗暴统治而取得心灵的自由，敢于骄傲地向那些不可抗拒的压力挑战----这些压力对其认识和判断力不过是暂时的----他就像疲惫而不屈的擎天巨神，独自支撑着他自己的理想世界，对这种无意识力量的肆意践踏毫不理会。
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