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Flink SQL FileSystem Connector 分

Flink SQL FileSystem Connector 分

作者: Flink中文社区 | 来源:发表于2020-09-01 22:29 被阅读0次

    Flink SQL 的 FileSystem Connector 为了与 Flink-Hive 集成的大环境适配,做了很多改进,而其中最为明显的就是分区提交(partition commit)机制。

    本文先通过源码简单过一下分区提交机制的两个要素——即触发(trigger)和策略(policy)的实现,然后用合并小文件的实例说一下自定义分区提交策略的方法。

    PartitionCommitTrigger

    在最新的 Flink SQL 中,FileSystem Connector 原生支持数据分区,并且写入时采用标准 Hive 分区格式,如下所示。

    path
    └── datetime=2019-08-25
        └── hour=11
            ├── part-0.parquet
            ├── part-1.parquet
        └── hour=12
            ├── part-0.parquet
    └── datetime=2019-08-26
        └── hour=6
            ├── part-0.parquet
    

    那么,已经写入的分区数据何时才能对下游可见呢?这就涉及到如何触发分区提交的问题。根据官方文档,触发参数有以下两个:

    • sink.partition-commit.trigger:可选 process-time(根据处理时间触发)和 partition-time(根据从事件时间中提取的分区时间触发)。
    • sink.partition-commit.delay:分区提交的时延。如果 trigger 是 process-time,则以分区创建时的系统时间戳为准,经过此时延后提交;如果 trigger 是 partition-time,则以分区创建时本身携带的事件时间戳为准,当水印时间戳经过此时延后提交。

    可见,process-time trigger 无法应对处理过程中出现的抖动,一旦数据迟到或者程序失败重启,数据就不能按照事件时间被归入正确的分区了。所以在实际应用中,我们几乎总是选用 partition-time trigger,并自己生成水印。当然我们也需要通过 partition.time-extractor.*一系列参数来指定抽取分区时间的规则(PartitionTimeExtractor),官方文档说得很清楚,不再赘述。在源码中,PartitionCommitTrigger 的类图如下。

    下面以分区时间触发的 PartitionTimeCommitTrigger 为例,简单看看它的思路。直接上该类的完整代码。

    public class PartitionTimeCommitTigger implements PartitionCommitTrigger {
        private static final ListStateDescriptor<List<String>> PENDING_PARTITIONS_STATE_DESC =
                new ListStateDescriptor<>(
                        "pending-partitions",
                        new ListSerializer<>(StringSerializer.INSTANCE));
    
        private static final ListStateDescriptor<Map<Long, Long>> WATERMARKS_STATE_DESC =
                new ListStateDescriptor<>(
                        "checkpoint-id-to-watermark",
                        new MapSerializer<>(LongSerializer.INSTANCE, LongSerializer.INSTANCE));
    
        private final ListState<List<String>> pendingPartitionsState;
        private final Set<String> pendingPartitions;
    
        private final ListState<Map<Long, Long>> watermarksState;
        private final TreeMap<Long, Long> watermarks;
        private final PartitionTimeExtractor extractor;
        private final long commitDelay;
        private final List<String> partitionKeys;
    
        public PartitionTimeCommitTigger(
                boolean isRestored,
                OperatorStateStore stateStore,
                Configuration conf,
                ClassLoader cl,
                List<String> partitionKeys) throws Exception {
            this.pendingPartitionsState = stateStore.getListState(PENDING_PARTITIONS_STATE_DESC);
            this.pendingPartitions = new HashSet<>();
            if (isRestored) {
                pendingPartitions.addAll(pendingPartitionsState.get().iterator().next());
            }
    
            this.partitionKeys = partitionKeys;
            this.commitDelay = conf.get(SINK_PARTITION_COMMIT_DELAY).toMillis();
            this.extractor = PartitionTimeExtractor.create(
                    cl,
                    conf.get(PARTITION_TIME_EXTRACTOR_KIND),
                    conf.get(PARTITION_TIME_EXTRACTOR_CLASS),
                    conf.get(PARTITION_TIME_EXTRACTOR_TIMESTAMP_PATTERN));
    
            this.watermarksState = stateStore.getListState(WATERMARKS_STATE_DESC);
            this.watermarks = new TreeMap<>();
            if (isRestored) {
                watermarks.putAll(watermarksState.get().iterator().next());
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void addPartition(String partition) {
            if (!StringUtils.isNullOrWhitespaceOnly(partition)) {
                this.pendingPartitions.add(partition);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public List<String> committablePartitions(long checkpointId) {
            if (!watermarks.containsKey(checkpointId)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
                        "Checkpoint(%d) has not been snapshot. The watermark information is: %s.",
                        checkpointId, watermarks));
            }
    
            long watermark = watermarks.get(checkpointId);
            watermarks.headMap(checkpointId, true).clear();
    
            List<String> needCommit = new ArrayList<>();
            Iterator<String> iter = pendingPartitions.iterator();
            while (iter.hasNext()) {
                String partition = iter.next();
                LocalDateTime partTime = extractor.extract(
                        partitionKeys, extractPartitionValues(new Path(partition)));
                if (watermark > toMills(partTime) + commitDelay) {
                    needCommit.add(partition);
                    iter.remove();
                }
            }
            return needCommit;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void snapshotState(long checkpointId, long watermark) throws Exception {
            pendingPartitionsState.clear();
            pendingPartitionsState.add(new ArrayList<>(pendingPartitions));
    
            watermarks.put(checkpointId, watermark);
            watermarksState.clear();
            watermarksState.add(new HashMap<>(watermarks));
        }
    
        @Override
        public List<String> endInput() {
            ArrayList<String> partitions = new ArrayList<>(pendingPartitions);
            pendingPartitions.clear();
            return partitions;
        }
    }
    

    注意到该类中维护了两对必要的信息:

    • pendingPartitions/pendingPartitionsState:等待提交的分区以及对应的状态;
    • watermarks/watermarksState:<检查点 ID, 水印时间戳>的映射关系(用 TreeMap 存储以保证有序)以及对应的状态。

    这也说明开启检查点是分区提交机制的前提。snapshotState() 方法用于将这些信息保存到状态中。这样在程序 failover 时,也能够保证分区数据的完整和正确。那么 PartitionTimeCommitTigger 是如何知道该提交哪些分区的呢?来看 committablePartitions() 方法:

    1. 检查 checkpoint ID 是否合法;
    2. 取出当前 checkpoint ID 对应的水印,并调用 TreeMap的headMap() 和 clear() 方法删掉早于当前 checkpoint ID 的水印数据(没用了);
    3. 遍历等待提交的分区,调用之前定义的 PartitionTimeExtractor(比如{year}-{month}-{day}{hour}:00:00)抽取分区时间。如果水印时间已经超过了分区时间加上上述 sink.partition-commit.delay 参数,说明可以提交,并返回它们。

    PartitionCommitTrigger 的逻辑会在负责真正提交分区的 StreamingFileCommitter 组件中用到(注意 StreamingFileCommitter 的并行度固定为 1,之前有人问过这件事)。StreamingFileCommitter 和 StreamingFileWriter(即 SQL 版 StreamingFileSink)的细节相对比较复杂,本文不表,之后会详细说明。

    PartitionCommitPolicy

    PartitionCommitTrigger 解决了分区何时对下游可见的问题,而 PartitionCommitPolicy 解决的是对下游可见的标志问题。根据官方文档,我们可以通过 sink.partition-commit.policy.kind 参数进行配置,一共有三种提交策略(可以组合使用):

    • metastore:向 Hive Metastore 更新分区信息(仅在使用 HiveCatalog 时有效);
    • success-file:向分区目录下写一个表示成功的文件,文件名可以通过 sink.partition-commit.success-file.name 参数自定义,默认为_SUCCESS;
    • custom:自定义的提交策略,需要通过 sink.partition-commit.policy.class 参数来指定策略的类名。

    PartitionCommitPolicy 的内部实现就简单多了,类图如下。策略的具体逻辑通过覆写 commit() 方法实现。

    两个默认实现 MetastoreCommitPolicy 和 SuccessFileCommitPolicy 如下,都非常容易理解。

    public class MetastoreCommitPolicy implements PartitionCommitPolicy {
        private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MetastoreCommitPolicy.class);
    
        private TableMetaStore metaStore;
    
        public void setMetastore(TableMetaStore metaStore) {
            this.metaStore = metaStore;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void commit(Context context) throws Exception {
            LinkedHashMap<String, String> partitionSpec = context.partitionSpec();
            metaStore.createOrAlterPartition(partitionSpec, context.partitionPath());
            LOG.info("Committed partition {} to metastore", partitionSpec);
        }
    }
    
    public class SuccessFileCommitPolicy implements PartitionCommitPolicy {
        private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SuccessFileCommitPolicy.class);
    
        private final String fileName;
        private final FileSystem fileSystem;
    
        public SuccessFileCommitPolicy(String fileName, FileSystem fileSystem) {
            this.fileName = fileName;
            this.fileSystem = fileSystem;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void commit(Context context) throws Exception {
            fileSystem.create(
                    new Path(context.partitionPath(), fileName),
                    FileSystem.WriteMode.OVERWRITE).close();
            LOG.info("Committed partition {} with success file", context.partitionSpec());
        }
    }
    

    Customize PartitionCommitPolicy

    还记得之前做过的 Hive Streaming 实验么?

    由上图可见,在写入比较频繁或者并行度比较大时,每个分区内都会出现很多细碎的小文件,这是我们不乐意看到的。下面尝试自定义 PartitionCommitPolicy,实现在分区提交时将它们顺便合并在一起(存储格式为 Parquet)。

    Parquet 格式与普通的TextFile等行存储格式不同,它是自描述(自带 schema 和 metadata)的列存储,数据结构按照 Google Dremel 的标准格式来组织,与 Protobuf 相同。所以,我们应该先检测写入文件的 schema,再按照 schema 分别读取它们,并拼合在一起。下面贴出合并分区内所有小文件的完整策略 ParquetFileMergingCommitPolicy。为了保证依赖不冲突,Parquet 相关的组件全部采用 Flink shade 过的版本。窃以为代码写得还算工整易懂,所以偷懒不写注释了。

    package me.lmagics.flinkexp.hiveintegration.util;
    
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.example.data.Group;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.hadoop.ParquetFileReader;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.hadoop.ParquetFileWriter.Mode;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.hadoop.ParquetReader;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.hadoop.ParquetWriter;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.hadoop.example.ExampleParquetWriter;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.hadoop.example.GroupReadSupport;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.hadoop.metadata.CompressionCodecName;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.hadoop.metadata.ParquetMetadata;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.hadoop.util.HadoopInputFile;
    import org.apache.flink.hive.shaded.parquet.schema.MessageType;
    import org.apache.flink.table.filesystem.PartitionCommitPolicy;
    import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.LocatedFileStatus;
    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.RemoteIterator;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class ParquetFileMergingCommitPolicy implements PartitionCommitPolicy {
      private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ParquetFileMergingCommitPolicy.class);
    
      @Override
      public void commit(Context context) throws Exception {
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
        String partitionPath = context.partitionPath().getPath();
    
        List<Path> files = listAllFiles(fs, new Path(partitionPath), "part-");
        LOGGER.info("{} files in path {}", files.size(), partitionPath);
    
        MessageType schema = getParquetSchema(files, conf);
        if (schema == null) {
          return;
        }
        LOGGER.info("Fetched parquet schema: {}", schema.toString());
    
        Path result = merge(partitionPath, schema, files, fs);
        LOGGER.info("Files merged into {}", result.toString());
      }
    
      private List<Path> listAllFiles(FileSystem fs, Path dir, String prefix) throws IOException {
        List<Path> result = new ArrayList<>();
    
        RemoteIterator<LocatedFileStatus> dirIterator = fs.listFiles(dir, false);
        while (dirIterator.hasNext()) {
          LocatedFileStatus fileStatus = dirIterator.next();
          Path filePath = fileStatus.getPath();
          if (fileStatus.isFile() && filePath.getName().startsWith(prefix)) {
            result.add(filePath);
          }
        }
    
        return result;
      }
    
      private MessageType getParquetSchema(List<Path> files, Configuration conf) throws IOException {
        if (files.size() == 0) {
          return null;
        }
    
        HadoopInputFile inputFile = HadoopInputFile.fromPath(files.get(0), conf);
        ParquetFileReader reader = ParquetFileReader.open(inputFile);
        ParquetMetadata metadata = reader.getFooter();
        MessageType schema = metadata.getFileMetaData().getSchema();
    
        reader.close();
        return schema;
      }
    
      private Path merge(String partitionPath, MessageType schema, List<Path> files, FileSystem fs) throws IOException {
        Path mergeDest = new Path(partitionPath + "/result-" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".parquet");
        ParquetWriter<Group> writer = ExampleParquetWriter.builder(mergeDest)
          .withType(schema)
          .withConf(fs.getConf())
          .withWriteMode(Mode.CREATE)
          .withCompressionCodec(CompressionCodecName.SNAPPY)
          .build();
    
        for (Path file : files) {
          ParquetReader<Group> reader = ParquetReader.builder(new GroupReadSupport(), file)
            .withConf(fs.getConf())
            .build();
          Group data;
          while((data = reader.read()) != null) {
            writer.write(data);
          }
          reader.close();
        }
        writer.close();
    
        for (Path file : files) {
          fs.delete(file, false);
        }
    
        return mergeDest;
      }
    }
    

    别忘了修改分区提交策略相关的参数:

    'sink.partition-commit.policy.kind' = 'metastore,success-file,custom', 
    'sink.partition-commit.policy.class' = 'me.lmagics.flinkexp.hiveintegration.util.ParquetFileMergingCommitPolicy'
    

    重新跑一遍之前的 Hive Streaming 程序,观察日志输出:

    20-08-04 22:15:00 INFO  me.lmagics.flinkexp.hiveintegration.util.ParquetFileMergingCommitPolicy       - 14 files in path /user/hive/warehouse/hive_tmp.db/analytics_access_log_hive/ts_date=2020-08-04/ts_hour=22/ts_minute=13
    
    // 如果看官熟悉Protobuf的话,可以发现这里的schema风格是完全一致的
    20-08-04 22:15:00 INFO  me.lmagics.flinkexp.hiveintegration.util.ParquetFileMergingCommitPolicy       - Fetched parquet schema: 
    message hive_schema {
      optional int64 ts;
      optional int64 user_id;
      optional binary event_type (UTF8);
      optional binary from_type (UTF8);
      optional binary column_type (UTF8);
      optional int64 site_id;
      optional int64 groupon_id;
      optional int64 partner_id;
      optional int64 merchandise_id;
    }
    
    20-08-04 22:15:04 INFO  me.lmagics.flinkexp.hiveintegration.util.ParquetFileMergingCommitPolicy       - Files merged into /user/hive/warehouse/hive_tmp.db/analytics_access_log_hive/ts_date=2020-08-04/ts_hour=22/ts_minute=13/result-1596550500950.parquet
    

    最后来验证一下,合并成功。

    以上。感兴趣的同学也可以动手测试~
    原文链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/fb7d29abfa14

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