Requests模块简单入门

#HTTP请求类型

#get类型

r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')

#post类型

r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")

#put类型

r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")

#delete类型

r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")

#head类型

r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")

#options类型

r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")

#获取响应内容

print r.content #以字节的方式去显示，中文显示为字符

print r.text #以文本的方式去显示

#URL传递参数

payload = {'keyword': '日本', 'salecityid': '2'}

r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload)

print r.url #示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=日本

#获取/修改网页编码

r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')

print r.encoding

r.encoding = 'utf-8'

#json处理

r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')

print r.json() #需要先import json   

#定制请求头

url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'

headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'}

r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)

print r.request.headers

#复杂post请求

url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'

payload = {'some': 'data'}

r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict，需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下

#post多部分编码文件

url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'

files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}

r = requests.post(url, files=files)

#响应状态码

r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')

print r.status_code

#响应头

r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')

print r.headers

print r.headers['Content-Type']

print r.headers.get('content-type') #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式

#Cookies

url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'

r = requests.get(url)

r.cookies['example_cookie_name']    #读取cookies

url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies'

cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')

r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies

#设置超时时间

r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001)

#设置访问代理

proxies = {

          "http": "http://10.10.10.10:8888",

          "https": "http://10.10.10.100:4444",

          }

r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies)