行星一瞥: 2022年10月（英文翻译）

http://www.astropixels.com/main/resources.html
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/97761494

Planets at a Glance: October 2022（原文链接）

行星一瞥: 2022年10月（英文翻译）

封面

原文：

Mercury

This month, Mercury will begin the month shining at magnitude 1.2 in the eastern pre-dawn sky. The swift planet will increase its angle from the sun until it reaches a maximum elongation of 18 degrees, and peak visibility, on October 8.
The best views of the planet will fall between about 6:00 a.m. and 6:30 a.m. local time. After maximum elongation, Mercury will sink sunward again. The early October apparition will be the best of the year for observers at mid-northern latitudes, but a poor one for those in the southern hemisphere.
The planet will steadily increase in brightness during October. Viewed in a telescope, Mercury will wax in illuminated phase from 18% to 99%, while its apparent disk diameter halves from 8.8 to 4.8 arc-seconds — so turn all optical aids away from the eastern horizon before the sun rises. By the time the old crescent moon appears a thumb’s width above (to the celestial northwest) of Mercury on October 24, the planet will be difficult to see.
翻译：

水星

本月初，水星将在黎明前的东部天空中发出1.2星等的光芒。这颗快速移动的行星将增加其与太阳的角度，直到10月8日达到最大延伸18度，并达到能见度峰值。
当地时间早上6:00到6:30之间是观测地球的最佳时间。在最大伸长后，水星将再次向太阳下沉。对于中北纬度地区的观察者来说，10月初的幻影将是一年中最好的一次，但对于南半球地区的观察者来说却是糟糕的一次。
在十月份，地球的亮度将稳步增加。在望远镜中观察，水星的发光相位从18% 到99% 不等，而它的表观圆盘直径从8.8弧秒减半到4.8弧秒，所以在太阳升起之前把所有的光学辅助设备从东边的地平线上移开。10月24日，当这颗古老的新月出现在水星上方(天体西北方向)一个拇指宽的地方时，这颗行星将很难被看到。

水星，2022年10月
原文：

Venus

During the first few mornings of October, Venus may be spotted — with difficulty — just above the eastern horizon before sunrise. The bright planet will sink sunward each morning, pass the sun at superior conjunction on October 21, and then reappear in the western evening sky towards year-end.
翻译：

金星

在10月份的头几个早晨，人们可能会在日出前的东方地平线上方勉强发现金星。这颗明亮的行星每天早晨向太阳方向下沉，在10月21日的上合点经过太阳，然后在接近年底的时候重新出现在西方的夜空中。

金星，2022年10月
原文：

Mars

Mars will be well-positioned for viewing starting in the late evening during October. On the first of the month, it will rise just after 10:00 p.m. local time and climb high in the southern sky by sunrise. By month’s end, Mars’ rising time will advance to 8:20 p.m. local time. The red planet will spend October slowing its eastward trek between the horns of Taurus.
On October 3, Mars will cease its motion altogether, only to begin a westerly retrograde loop that will last through a fine opposition in early December and end in mid-January.
Over the month, Earth’s distance from Mars will decrease by 13.67 million miles (22 million km). As a result, Mars will brighten from magnitude -0.59 to -1.22. Its appearance in telescopes will show a nearly fully illuminated disk that swells in apparent diameter from 12 to 15 arc-seconds. Watch for suggestions of the dark markings that will become clearer at opposition.
The red planet will pass only 1.2 degrees to the north of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant from October 14-16, but the bright waning gibbous moon will shine nearby to their north.
翻译：

火星

火星将在10月份的傍晚开始被放置在适合观测的位置。月初，当地时间晚上10点刚过，太阳就会升起，日出之前就会在南方的天空中升起。到月底，火星的上升时间将提前到当地时间晚上8:20。这颗红色的行星将在10月份减缓它在金牛座角之间向东迁移的速度。
10月3日，火星将完全停止它的运动，只是开始了一个向西逆行的循环，这个循环将持续到12月初，并在1月中旬结束。
在这个月里，地球与火星的距离将减少1367万英里(2200万公里)。因此，火星的亮度将从 -0.59到 -1.22。它在望远镜中的出现将显示一个几乎完全照明的圆盘，其视直径在12到15弧秒之间膨胀。观察暗斑的暗示，这些暗斑在对立面会变得更加清晰。
从10月14日到16日，这颗红色的行星将只经过蟹状星云北部1.2度的超新星遗迹，但是这颗明亮的凸月将在它的北部附近发光。

火星，2022年10月
原文：

Jupiter

Jupiter will be well-placed for observing throughout the night in October — although it will be highest (and look sharpest) in telescopes during the middle hours of the night. The planet will continue its slide westward across the stars of western Pisces and towards Neptune.
The yellowish dot that is Saturn, which will be 24-times less bright, will shine about 40 degrees to Jupiter’s southwest. Still only weeks past its closest opposition in decades, Jupiter will shine a bright magnitude of -2.9.
In amateur telescopes, the planet will exhibit equatorial bands girdling a generous 49 arc-seconds-wide disk. The Great Red Spot will appear every second or third night, and Jupiter’s four large Galilean satellites will frequently eclipse and occult one another, and cast their round, black shadows on the planet — singly and in pairs.
The nearly full moon will hop past Jupiter on October 7-8.
翻译：

木星

木星将在10月的整个夜晚处于很好的观测位置ーー尽管它将在午夜时分在望远镜中达到最高点(并且看起来最清晰)。这颗行星将继续向西滑行，穿过双鱼座西部的恒星，向海王星移动。
这个黄色的小点是土星，亮度是木星的24倍，它将向木星的西南方向发出约40度的光。木星距离其数十年来最接近的反对派只有几周的时间，它将发出明亮的 -2.9星等的光芒。
在业余天文望远镜中，这颗行星的赤道带环绕着一个宽达49弧秒的圆盘。大红斑每两三个晚上就会出现一次，而木星的四颗巨大的伽利略卫星会频繁地相互遮挡和掩盖，并在行星上投下它们的黑色圆影ーー单个的或成对的。
近满月将在10月7日至8日跃过木星。

木星，2022年10月
原文：

Saturn

As for the yellowish dot that is Saturn, it will be observable from after dusk until late evening in October — though it will not climb very high when it culminates in the southern sky in mid-evening.
The white dot of 24-times brighter Jupiter will be positioned 40 degrees to Saturn’s left (or celestial east). On October 23, Saturn will cease its westerly retrograde motion and prepare to resume a regular eastward prograde motion. That same night, Saturn will approach to within 0.6 degrees east of the magnitude 4.2 star Iota Capricorni in central Capricornus. Their separation will noticeably widen over the following weeks.
Viewed in a telescope in October, Saturn will show an apparent disk diameter of 17.7 arc-seconds, and its rings will subtend 41 arc-seconds. Saturn’s rings will be tilting more edge-on to us every year until the spring of 2025. This year they are already close enough for Saturn’s southern polar region to extend well beyond them.
The waxing gibbous moon will shine to the southeast of Saturn on October 5.
翻译：

土星

至于土星这个微黄色的小点，从黄昏后到十月的傍晚都可以看到ーー不过当它在傍晚时分在南方的天空达到高潮时，它不会爬得很高。
比木星亮24倍的白点将位于土星左侧(或天体东侧)40度。10月23日，土星将停止其西顺行和逆行，并准备恢复定期向东的前进运动。同一天晚上，土星将接近位于摩羯座中部的4.2星等的爱奥塔摩羯座以东0.6度。在接下来的几周里，他们的分离将明显加深。
在10月份的望远镜观测中，土星的表观圆盘直径为17.7弧秒，其光环大于41弧秒。在2025年春天之前，土星环每年都会向我们倾斜更多。今年，它们已经足够接近土星的南极地区，远远超出了它们的范围。
10月5日，这颗凸起的卫星将照亮土星的东南部。

土星，2022年10月
原文：

Uranus

Blue-green Uranus will be observable between late evening and dawn this month. Rising shortly after 8:00 p.m. local time on October 1, Uranus will climb highest in the southern sky, and look best in telescopes, during the wee hours of the morning. By month’s-end, those timings will advance by two hours.
Over the month, magnitude 5.6 Uranus will travel retrograde westward through the stars of southeastern Aries. Its trajectory will be parallel to — and about 1.5 degrees to the south of — the line joining the brighter stars Botein (Delta Arietis) and Pi Arietis, creating a triangular asterism for anyone searching for Uranus in binoculars. Uranus’ small, 3.8 arc-seconds-wide blue disk will appear markedly different from those stars.
On October 11, the bright, waning gibbous moon will shine 2 degrees to the upper right (or celestial WSW) of Uranus. Hours later, observers with telescopes in Alaska, northwestern continental United States, northern and western Canada, and Greenland will be able to see the moon occult Uranus around 05:00 to 06:00 GMT — the tenth in a series of consecutive lunar occultations of that planet.
翻译：

天王星

蓝绿色的天王星将在这个月的傍晚和黎明之间被观察到。当地时间10月1日晚上8点后不久，天王星将在凌晨时分爬上南方天空的最高点，用望远镜观测效果最佳。到月底，时间会提前两个小时。
在这个月里，5.6级的天王星将通过白羊座东南部的恒星向西逆行。它的轨道将与较亮恒星波坦(Botein，Delta Arietis)和派 · 艾里提斯(Pi Arietis)之间的直线平行ーー大约偏南1.5度，为任何用双筒望远镜寻找天王星的人创造了一个三角星群。天王星的小的，3.8弧秒宽的蓝色圆盘将显示出与这些恒星明显不同。
10月11日，这个明亮的、渐弱的凸月将向天王星的右上方(或天体 WSW)照射2度。几小时后，在阿拉斯加、美国大陆西北部、加拿大北部和西部以及格陵兰岛用望远镜的观测者将能够在格林尼治标准时间05:00到06:00左右看到月球隐形的天王星，这是连续第十次月球掩星现象。

天王星，2022年10月
原文：

Neptune

The distant blue planet Neptune will be an all-night target this month, sharing the sky with far brighter Jupiter to its east, and the yellowish dot of Saturn shining 35 degrees to the southwest.
The Jupiter-Neptune separation will decrease from 9 to 6.8 degrees over the month. Neptune will shine at magnitude 7.8, which is within reach of good binoculars. The blue planet will be traveling retrograde westward among the stars of northeastern Aquarius, towards the medium-bright star Phi Aquarii.
In a telescope, Neptune’s tiny apparent disk size will span 2.4 arc-seconds. Larger telescopes can show Neptune’s large moon Triton.
翻译：

海王星

本月，遥远的蓝色行星海王星将成为通宵达旦的目标，与其东部明亮得多的木星共享天空，土星的黄色点向西南方向照射35度。
木星和海王星的距离将在一个月内从9度下降到6.8度。海王星将以7.8星等的亮度发光，这是好的双筒望远镜能够到达的范围。这颗蓝色的行星将在宝瓶座东北部的恒星中向西逆行，向中等亮度的宝瓶座 Phi 星移动。
在望远镜中，海王星微小的视盘大小将跨越2.4弧秒。较大的望远镜可以显示海王星的大卫星海卫一。

海王星，2022年10月