Centos7+Nginx+Python3.7+Django

整体流程

the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django

venv

创建并激活虚拟环境（以下所有操作均以root用户为例子）

cd ~
python3.7 -m venv uwsgi-tutorial
cd uwsgi-tutorial
source bin/activate

Django

在虚拟环境中，安装Django框架并创建mysite示例项目，由于默认安装的2.2版本需要升级centos系统自带的sqlite版本，所以指定安装低版本的Django。

pip install Django==2.1.8
django-admin.py startproject mysite
cd mysite
python manage.py migrate

uWSGI

在虚拟环境中，安装uwsgi。

pip install uwsgi

Basic test

安装完成后，在虚拟环境中进行基础测试。

test.py

新建一个测试文件

def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return [b"Hello World"] # python3

Run uwsgi

直接以uwsgi框架运行测试文件

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

stack of components#1

此时实现的流程：

the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python

Test Django project

创建Django测试项目

Modify Settings

修改配置文件，允许任意主机访问。

vi mysite/settings.py

modify
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

Django test

采用Django自带框架测试：

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

采用uwsgi测试Django项目：

uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi

stack of components#2

此时实现的流程：

the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django

Nginx

nginx安装过程略去，以下仅讲安装后的配置问题。

uwsgi_params

拷贝默认配置文件到项目目录

cp /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params ~/uwsgi-tutorial/mysite/

conf.d

编辑nginx的配置文件，在8000端口监听Django项目。

vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/mysite_nginx.conf

# mysite_nginx.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    server unix:///root/uwsgi-tutorial/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    # server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen      8000;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name localhost; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        alias /root/uwsgi-tutorial/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location /static {
        alias /root/uwsgi-tutorial/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include     /root/uwsgi-tutorial/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

Deploying static files

搜集Django静态文件

vi mysite/settings.py

# add line
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

python manage.py collectstatic

Restart Nginx

重启nginx

systemctl stop nginx
systemctl start nginx

Add root to Nginx Group

将root用户添加到nginx组，将nginx用户添加到root组，避免出现sock通信时的权限问题：

usermod -a -G nginx root
usermod -a -G root nginx

Deploy

部署测试

test.py

测试test文件，不加最后的666权限，可能导致访问时502。

uwsgi --socket /root/uwsgi-tutorial/mysite/mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666

编辑Django项目的ini配置文件

vi ./mysite_uwsgi.ini

# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /root/uwsgi-tutorial/mysite
# Django's wsgi file
module          = mysite.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home            = /root/uwsgi-tutorial/

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket          = /root/uwsgi-tutorial/mysite/mysite.sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
chmod-socket    = 666
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

Django

测试Django项目部署

uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini
# 后台运行
uwsgi -d --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini
# 关闭进程
killall -9 uwsgi
# 查找进程
ps aux|grep uwsgi

另一种后台运行的方法是修改ini配置文件，添加一行：

daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/mysite.log # background the process & log

文件目录结构（仅供参考）

- uwsgi-tutorial
  - bin/
  - include/
  - lib/
  - lib64/ -> lib
  - mysite/
      - db.sqlite3
      - manage.py
      - mysite/
      - mysite_uwsgi.ini
      - static/
      - uwsgi_params
  - pyvenv.cfg
  - test.py

查看调试log

cat /var/log/nginx/error.log

参考链接

官网参考文档