原文
大纲
1、vue项目结构
2、主要的配置文件
2.1、package.json
2.2、dev-server.js
2.3、webpack.base.conf.js
2.4、webpack.dev.conf.js
2.5、build.js
2.6、webpack.prod.conf.js
2.7、config/index.js
1、vue项目结构
/*
├── build --------------------------------- webpack相关配置文件
│ ├── build.js --------------------------webpack打包配置文件
│ ├── check-versions.js ------------------------------ 检查npm,nodejs版本
│ ├── dev-client.js ---------------------------------- 设置环境
│ ├── dev-server.js ---------------------------------- 创建express服务器，配置中间件，启动可热重载的服务器，用于开发项目
│ ├── utils.js --------------------------------------- 配置资源路径，配置css加载器
│ ├── vue-loader.conf.js ----------------------------- 配置css加载器等
│ ├── webpack.base.conf.js --------------------------- webpack基本配置
│ ├── webpack.dev.conf.js ---------------------------- 用于开发的webpack设置
│ ├── webpack.prod.conf.js --------------------------- 用于打包的webpack设置
├── config ---------------------------------- 配置文件
├── node_modules ---------------------------- 存放依赖的目录
├── src ------------------------------------- 源码
│ ├── assets ------------------------------ 静态文件
│ ├── components -------------------------- 组件
│ ├── main.js ----------------------------- 主js
│ ├── App.vue ----------------------------- 项目入口组件
│ ├── router ------------------------------ 路由
├── package.json ---------------------------- node配置文件
├── .babelrc--------------------------------- babel配置文件
├── .editorconfig---------------------------- 编辑器配置
├── .gitignore------------------------------- 配置git可忽略的文件
*/
2、主要的配置文件
2.1、package.json
/*
首选来看一下package.json里面scripts字段，看一下在执行npm run dev 和
npm run build时做了什么
*/
"name": "wheelsfactory",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "this is a demo",
"scripts": {
"dev": "node build/dev-server.js",
"start": "node build/dev-server.js",
"build": "node build/build.js"
}
/*
当我们执行npm run dev时，首选执行的是dev-server.js
当我们执行npm run build时，首选执行的是build.js
*/
2.2、dev-server.js
/*
1、引入配置文件
2、引入相关插件
3、创建express实例
4、配置webpack-dev-middleware和webpack-hot-middleware
5、配置静态资源路径，并挂到express服务上
6、启动服务器，并判断是否自动打开默认浏览器
7、监听端口
*/
require('./check-versions')()
//引入相关配置
var config = require('../config')
// 检查Node的环境变量，如果没有则使用配置文件中设置的环境
if (!process.env.NODE_ENV) {
process.env.NODE_ENV = JSON.parse(config.dev.env.NODE_ENV)
}
//opn -- A better node-open. Opens stuff like websites, files, executables. Cross-platform.
//这里用来打开默认浏览器，打开dev-server监听的端口
var opn = require('opn')
var path = require('path')
var express = require('express')
var webpack = require('webpack')
//express中间件，用于http请求代理到其他服务器
var proxyMiddleware = require('http-proxy-middleware')
//判断当前环境，选择导入的webpack配置
var webpackConfig = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'testing'
? require('./webpack.prod.conf')
: require('./webpack.dev.conf')
// default port where dev server listens for incoming traffic
//默认的dev-server的监听端口
var port = process.env.PORT || config.dev.port
// automatically open browser, if not set will be false
//是否自动打开浏览器，默认是false
var autoOpenBrowser = !!config.dev.autoOpenBrowser
// Define HTTP proxies to your custom API backend
// https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware
//定义http代理到你的自定义的API后端
var proxyTable = config.dev.proxyTable
//创建express实例
var app = express()
// 根据webpack的config创建Compiler对象
var compiler = webpack(webpackConfig)
//使用compiler相应的文件进行编译和绑定，编译后的内容将存放在内存中
var devMiddleware = require('webpack-dev-middleware')(compiler, {
publicPath: webpackConfig.output.publicPath,
quiet: true
})
//用于实现热重载
var hotMiddleware = require('webpack-hot-middleware')(compiler, {
log: false,
heartbeat: 2000
})
// force page reload when html-webpack-plugin template changes
//当html-webpack-plugin提交页面之后，使用热重载强制页面重载
compiler.plugin('compilation', function (compilation) {
compilation.plugin('html-webpack-plugin-after-emit', function (data, cb) {
hotMiddleware.publish({ action: 'reload' })
cb()
})
})
// proxy api requests
//在express上使用代理表中的配置
Object.keys(proxyTable).forEach(function (context) {
var options = proxyTable[context]
if (typeof options === 'string') {
options = { target: options }
}
app.use(proxyMiddleware(options.filter || context, options))
})
// handle fallback for HTML5 history API
//一个解决单页的重定向错误的插件
app.use(require('connect-history-api-fallback')())
// serve webpack bundle output
// 使用devMiddleware，webpack编译后的文件将挂到express服务器上
app.use(devMiddleware)
// enable hot-reload and state-preserving
// compilation error display
// 使用热重载中间件
app.use(hotMiddleware)
// serve pure static assets
//配置静态资源路径
var staticPath = path.posix.join(config.dev.assetsPublicPath, config.dev.assetsSubDirectory)
//将静态文件挂到express服务器上
app.use(staticPath, express.static('./static'))
//设置应用的url
var uri = 'http://localhost:' + port
var _resolve
var readyPromise = new Promise(resolve => {
_resolve = resolve
})
console.log('> Starting dev server...')
//devMiddleware valid之后，启动服务
devMiddleware.waitUntilValid(() => {
console.log('> Listening at ' + uri + '\n')
// when env is testing, don't need open it
//如果设置为自动打开浏览器，通过opn打开uri
if (autoOpenBrowser && process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'testing') {
opn(uri)
}
_resolve()
})
//监听配置的端口
var server = app.listen(port)
module.exports = {
ready: readyPromise,
close: () => {
server.close()
}
}
2.3、webpack.base.conf.js
/*
1、配置编译入口和输出路径
2、模块resolve的规则
3、配置不同类型模块的处理规则
*/
var path = require('path')
var utils = require('./utils')
var config = require('../config')
var vueLoaderConfig = require('./vue-loader.conf')
//绝对路径
function resolve (dir) {
return path.join(__dirname, '..', dir)
}
module.exports = {
//webpack的入口文件
entry: {
app: './src/main.js'
},
output: {
//webpack输出文件的路径
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
//输出的文件命名格式
filename: '[name].js',
// webpack编译输出的发布路径
publicPath: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? config.build.assetsPublicPath
: config.dev.assetsPublicPath
},
//模块resolve的规则
resolve: {
//resolve的后缀名
extensions: ['.js', '.vue', '.json'],
//配置路径别名，比如import Vue from 'vue/dist/vue.common.js'--> import Vue from 'vue'
alias: {
'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js',
'@': resolve('src')
}
},
//配置不同类型模块的处理规则
module: {
rules: [
// src和test文件夹下的.js和.vue文件使用eslint-loader
{
test: /\.(js|vue)$/,
loader: 'eslint-loader',
enforce: 'pre',
include: [resolve('src'), resolve('test')],
options: {
formatter: require('eslint-friendly-formatter')
}
},
//所有的.vue文件使用vue-loader
{
test: /\.vue$/,
loader: 'vue-loader',
options: vueLoaderConfig
},
//src和test下的.js文件使用babel-loader
{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
include: [resolve('src'), resolve('test')]
},
//所有的图片文件使用url-loader
{
test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('img/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
//所有的音频文件使用url-loader
{
test: /\.(mp4|webm|ogg|mp3|wav|flac|aac)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('media/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
},
//所有的字体文件使用url-loader
{
test: /\.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)(\?.*)?$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: utils.assetsPath('fonts/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
}
}
]
}
}
2.4、webpack.dev.conf.js
/*
1、合并基础的webpack配置
2、使用styleLoaders
3、配置Source Maps
4、配置webpack插件
*/
var utils = require('./utils')
var webpack = require('webpack')
var config = require('../config')
var merge = require('webpack-merge')
var baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')
//生成html文件并自动注入依赖文件的插件， script & link
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
//一个输出webpack警告，错误的插件
var FriendlyErrorsPlugin = require('friendly-errors-webpack-plugin')
// add hot-reload related code to entry chunks
//添加热重载相关的代码到entry chunks
Object.keys(baseWebpackConfig.entry).forEach(function (name) {
baseWebpackConfig.entry[name] = ['./build/dev-client'].concat(baseWebpackConfig.entry[name])
})
//合并webpack.base.conf
module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
module: {
//使用styleLoaders处理样式文件
rules: utils.styleLoaders({ sourceMap: config.dev.cssSourceMap })
},
// cheap-module-eval-source-map is faster for development
//配置Source Maps
devtool: '#cheap-module-eval-source-map',
//配置webpack插件
plugins: [
new webpack.DefinePlugin({
'process.env': config.dev.env
}),
// https://github.com/glenjamin/webpack-hot-middleware#installation--usage
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
//在编译出现错误时，使用 NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin 来跳过输出阶段。这样可以确保输出资源不会包含错误。
new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin(),
// https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
filename: 'index.html',
template: 'index.html',
inject: true
}),
new FriendlyErrorsPlugin()
]
})
>/** 配置Source Maps
/*
1、source-map 在一个单独的文件中产生一个完整且功能完全的文件。这个文件具有最
好的source map，但是它会减慢打包文件的构建速度；
2、cheap-module-source-map在一个单独的文件中生成一个不带列映射的map，不带列
映射提高项目构建速度，但是也使得浏览器开发者工具只能对应到具体的行，不能对应
到具体的列（符号），会对调试造成不便；
3、eval-source-map 使用eval打包源文件模块，在同一个文件中生成干净的完整的
source map。这个选项可以在不影响构建速度的前提下生成完整的sourcemap，但是对打包后
输出的JS文件的执行具有性能和安全的隐患。不过在开发阶段这是一个非常好的选项，但是在
生产阶段一定不要用这个选项；
4、cheap-module-eval-source-map 这是在打包文件时最快的生成source map的方法，
生成的Source Map 会和打包后的JavaScript文件同行显示，没有列映射，和eval-source-map
选项具有相似的缺点；
*/
2.5、build.js
/*
1、webpack编译
2、输出信息
*/
require('./check-versions')()
process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production'
//控制台loading动画
var ora = require('ora')
var rm = require('rimraf')
var path = require('path')
// 高亮控制台输出的插件
var chalk = require('chalk')
var webpack = require('webpack')
var config = require('../config')
var webpackConfig = require('./webpack.prod.conf')
//在控制台输出building for production...
var spinner = ora('building for production...')
//开始loading动画
spinner.start()
//获取输出文件路径
rm(path.join(config.build.assetsRoot, config.build.assetsSubDirectory), err => {
if (err) throw err
//webpack编译
webpack(webpackConfig, function (err, stats) {
//停止loading动画
spinner.stop()
//如果错误抛出错误
if (err) throw err
//完成输出相关信息
process.stdout.write(stats.toString({
colors: true,
modules: false,
children: false,
chunks: false,
chunkModules: false
}) + '\n\n')
console.log(chalk.cyan(' Build complete.\n'))
console.log(chalk.yellow(
' Tip: built files are meant to be served over an HTTP server.\n' +
' Opening index.html over file:// won\'t work.\n'
))
})
})
2.6、webpack.prod.conf.js
/*
1、合并基础的webpack配置
2、配置webpack的输出
3、配置webpack插件
4、配置gzip模式
5、配置webpack-bundle-analyzer，分析打包后生成的文件结构
*/
var path = require('path')
var utils = require('./utils')
var webpack = require('webpack')
var config = require('../config')
var merge = require('webpack-merge')
var baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')
var CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')
var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
// 抽取css，js文件,与webpack输出的bundle分离
var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')
var OptimizeCSSPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin')
var env = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'testing'
? require('../config/test.env')
: config.build.env
//合并webpack.base.conf
var webpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
module: {
rules: utils.styleLoaders({
sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap,
extract: true
})
},
devtool: config.build.productionSourceMap ? '#source-map' : false,
output: {
//配置输出路径
path: config.build.assetsRoot,
//输出的文件命名格式
filename: utils.assetsPath('js/[name].[chunkhash].js'),
//未指定文件名的文件的文件名格式
chunkFilename: utils.assetsPath('js/[id].[chunkhash].js')
},
//相关插件
plugins: [
// http://vuejs.github.io/vue-loader/en/workflow/production.html
new webpack.DefinePlugin({
'process.env': env
}),
//压缩js插件
new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({
compress: {
warnings: false
},
sourceMap: true
}),
// extract css into its own file
//从bundle中抽取css文件
new ExtractTextPlugin({
filename: utils.assetsPath('css/[name].[contenthash].css')
}),
// Compress extracted CSS. We are using this plugin so that possible
// duplicated CSS from different components can be deduped.
//压缩抽取的css文件
new OptimizeCSSPlugin({
cssProcessorOptions: {
safe: true
}
}),
// generate dist index.html with correct asset hash for caching.
// you can customize output by editing /index.html
// see https://github.com/ampedandwired/html-webpack-plugin
//用于生成dist/index.html，加入hash用于缓存。hash不改变不进行更新
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
filename: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'testing'
? 'index.html'
: config.build.index,
template: 'index.html',
inject: true,
minify: {
removeComments: true,
collapseWhitespace: true,
removeAttributeQuotes: true
// more options:
// https://github.com/kangax/html-minifier#options-quick-reference
},
// necessary to consistently work with multiple chunks via CommonsChunkPlugin
chunksSortMode: 'dependency'
}),
// split vendor js into its own file
//分离第三方js到单独的文件中
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'vendor',
minChunks: function (module, count) {
// any required modules inside node_modules are extracted to vendor
return (
module.resource &&
/\.js$/.test(module.resource) &&
module.resource.indexOf(
path.join(__dirname, '../node_modules')
) === 0
)
}
}),
// extract webpack runtime and module manifest to its own file in order to
// prevent vendor hash from being updated whenever app bundle is updated
new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
name: 'manifest',
chunks: ['vendor']
}),
// copy custom static assets
new CopyWebpackPlugin([
{
from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'),
to: config.build.assetsSubDirectory,
ignore: ['.*']
}
])
]
})
// 配置gzip模式
if (config.build.productionGzip) {
var CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin')
webpackConfig.plugins.push(
new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
asset: '[path].gz[query]',
algorithm: 'gzip',
test: new RegExp(
'\\.(' +
config.build.productionGzipExtensions.join('|') +
')$'
),
threshold: 10240,
minRatio: 0.8
})
)
}
//配置webpack-bundle-analyzer，分析打包后生成的文件结构
if (config.build.bundleAnalyzerReport) {
var BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin
webpackConfig.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin())
}
module.exports = webpackConfig
2.7、config/index.js
/*
最后是config中的index.js文件，它都配置了什么
*/
var path = require('path')
module.exports = {
//打包时使用的配置
build: {
//webpack的环境
env: require('./prod.env'),
//输入的index.html的路径
index: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/index.html'),
//输出的目标文件夹路径
assetsRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),
//输出的子文件夹路径
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
//发布路径
assetsPublicPath: '/',
//是否使用SourceMap
productionSourceMap: true,
// Gzip off by default as many popular static hosts such as
// Surge or Netlify already gzip all static assets for you.
// Before setting to `true`, make sure to:
// npm install --save-dev compression-webpack-plugin
// 是否开启Gzip
productionGzip: false,
//Gzip的压缩文件类型
productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css'],
// Run the build command with an extra argument to
// View the bundle analyzer report after build finishes:
// `npm run build --report`
// Set to `true` or `false` to always turn it on or off
bundleAnalyzerReport: process.env.npm_config_report
},
//开发时使用的配置
dev: {
//webpack环境
env: require('./dev.env'),
//端口
port: 8080,
//是否自动打开浏览器
autoOpenBrowser: true,
//输出的子文件夹路径
assetsSubDirectory: 'static',
//发布路径
assetsPublicPath: '/',
//配置代理表
proxyTable: {},
// CSS Sourcemaps off by default because relative paths are "buggy"
// with this option, according to the CSS-Loader README
// (https://github.com/webpack/css-loader#sourcemaps)
// In our experience, they generally work as expected,
// just be aware of this issue when enabling this option.
cssSourceMap: false
}
}
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