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乾坤大挪移,如何将同步阻塞(sync)三方库包转换为异步非阻塞(

乾坤大挪移,如何将同步阻塞(sync)三方库包转换为异步非阻塞(

作者: 刘悦的技术博客 | 来源:发表于2022-12-29 11:01 被阅读0次

    众所周知,异步并发编程可以帮助程序更好地处理阻塞操作,比如网络 IO 操作或文件 IO 操作,避免因等待这些操作完成而导致程序卡住的情况。云存储文件传输场景正好包含网络 IO 操作和文件 IO 操作,比如业内相对著名的七牛云存储,官方sdk的默认阻塞传输模式虽然差强人意,但未免有些循规蹈矩,不够锐意创新。在全球同性交友网站Github上找了一圈,也没有找到异步版本,那么本次我们来自己动手将同步阻塞版本改造为异步非阻塞版本,并上传至Python官方库。

    异步改造

    首先参见七牛云官方接口文档:https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo,新建qiniu_async.py文件:

    # @Author:Liu Yue (v3u.cn)  
    # @Software:Vscode  
    # @Time:2022/12/30  
      
    import base64  
    import hmac  
    import time  
    from hashlib import sha1  
    import json  
    import httpx  
    import aiofiles  
      
      
      
    class Qiniu:  
      
        def __init__(self, access_key, secret_key):  
            """初始化"""  
            self.__checkKey(access_key, secret_key)  
            self.__access_key = access_key  
            self.__secret_key = secret_key.encode('utf-8')  
      
        def get_access_key(self):  
            return self.__access_key  
      
        def get_secret_key(self):  
            return self.__secret_key  
      
        def __token(self, data):  
            hashed = hmac.new(self.__secret_key,data.encode('utf-8'), sha1)  
            return self.urlsafe_base64_encode(hashed.digest())  
      
        def token(self, data):  
            return '{0}:{1}'.format(self.__access_key, self.__token(data))  
      
        def token_with_data(self, data):  
            data = self.urlsafe_base64_encode(data)  
            return '{0}:{1}:{2}'.format(  
                self.__access_key, self.__token(data), data)  
      
        def urlsafe_base64_encode(self,data):  
      
            if isinstance(data, str):  
                data = data.encode('utf-8')  
      
            ret = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(data)  
      
            data = ret.decode('utf-8')  
      
            return data  
      
      
        @staticmethod  
        def __checkKey(access_key, secret_key):  
            if not (access_key and secret_key):  
                raise ValueError('invalid key')  
      
      
        def upload_token(  
                self,  
                bucket,  
                key=None,  
                expires=3600,  
                policy=None,  
                strict_policy=True):  
            """生成上传凭证  
      
            Args:  
                bucket:  上传的空间名  
                key:     上传的文件名,默认为空  
                expires: 上传凭证的过期时间,默认为3600s  
                policy:  上传策略,默认为空  
      
            Returns:  
                上传凭证  
            """  
            if bucket is None or bucket == '':  
                raise ValueError('invalid bucket name')  
      
            scope = bucket  
            if key is not None:  
                scope = '{0}:{1}'.format(bucket, key)  
      
            args = dict(  
                scope=scope,  
                deadline=int(time.time()) + expires,  
            )  
      
            return self.__upload_token(args)  
      
        @staticmethod  
        def up_token_decode(up_token):  
            up_token_list = up_token.split(':')  
            ak = up_token_list[0]  
            sign = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(up_token_list[1])  
            decode_policy = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(up_token_list[2])  
            decode_policy = decode_policy.decode('utf-8')  
            dict_policy = json.loads(decode_policy)  
            return ak, sign, dict_policy  
      
        def __upload_token(self, policy):  
            data = json.dumps(policy, separators=(',', ':'))  
            return self.token_with_data(data)  
      
      
        @staticmethod  
        def __copy_policy(policy, to, strict_policy):  
            for k, v in policy.items():  
                if (not strict_policy) or k in _policy_fields:  
                    to[k] = v
    

    这里有两个很关键的异步非阻塞三方库,分别是httpx和aiofiles,对应处理网络IO和文件IO阻塞问题:

    pip3 install httpx  
    pip3 install aiofiles
    

    随后按照文档流程通过加密方法获取文件上传token,这里无须进行异步改造,因为并不涉及IO操作:

    q = Qiniu(access_key,access_secret)  
      
    token = q.upload_token("空间名称")  
      
    print(token)
    

    程序返回:

    ➜  mydemo git:(master) ✗ /opt/homebrew/bin/python3.10 "/Users/liuyue/wodfan/work/mydemo/src/test.py"  
    q06bq54Ps5JLfZyP8Ax-qvByMBdu8AoIVJpMco2m:8RjIo9a4CxHM3009DwjbMxDzlU8=:eyJzY29wZSI6ImFkLWgyMTEyIiwiZGVhZGxpbmUiOjE2NzIzNjg2NTd9
    

    接着添加文件流推送方法,先看官方原版逻辑:

    def put_data(  
            up_token, key, data, params=None, mime_type='application/octet-stream', check_crc=False, progress_handler=None,  
            fname=None, hostscache_dir=None, metadata=None):  
        """上传二进制流到七牛  
        Args:  
            up_token:         上传凭证  
            key:              上传文件名  
            data:             上传二进制流  
            params:           自定义变量,规格参考 https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo/manual/vars#xvar  
            mime_type:        上传数据的mimeType  
            check_crc:        是否校验crc32  
            progress_handler: 上传进度  
            hostscache_dir:   host请求 缓存文件保存位置  
            metadata:         元数据  
        Returns:  
            一个dict变量,类似 {"hash": "<Hash string>", "key": "<Key string>"}  
            一个ResponseInfo对象  
        """  
        final_data = b''  
        if hasattr(data, 'read'):  
            while True:  
                tmp_data = data.read(config._BLOCK_SIZE)  
                if len(tmp_data) == 0:  
                    break  
                else:  
                    final_data += tmp_data  
        else:  
            final_data = data  
      
        crc = crc32(final_data)  
        return _form_put(up_token, key, final_data, params, mime_type,  
                         crc, hostscache_dir, progress_handler, fname, metadata=metadata)  
      
    def _form_put(up_token, key, data, params, mime_type, crc, hostscache_dir=None, progress_handler=None, file_name=None,  
                  modify_time=None, keep_last_modified=False, metadata=None):  
        fields = {}  
        if params:  
            for k, v in params.items():  
                fields[k] = str(v)  
        if crc:  
            fields['crc32'] = crc  
        if key is not None:  
            fields['key'] = key  
      
        fields['token'] = up_token  
        if config.get_default('default_zone').up_host:  
            url = config.get_default('default_zone').up_host  
        else:  
            url = config.get_default('default_zone').get_up_host_by_token(up_token, hostscache_dir)  
        # name = key if key else file_name  
      
        fname = file_name  
        if not fname or not fname.strip():  
            fname = 'file_name'  
      
        # last modify time  
        if modify_time and keep_last_modified:  
            fields['x-qn-meta-!Last-Modified'] = rfc_from_timestamp(modify_time)  
      
        if metadata:  
            for k, v in metadata.items():  
                if k.startswith('x-qn-meta-'):  
                    fields[k] = str(v)  
      
        r, info = http._post_file(url, data=fields, files={'file': (fname, data, mime_type)})  
        if r is None and info.need_retry():  
            if info.connect_failed:  
                if config.get_default('default_zone').up_host_backup:  
                    url = config.get_default('default_zone').up_host_backup  
                else:  
                    url = config.get_default('default_zone').get_up_host_backup_by_token(up_token, hostscache_dir)  
            if hasattr(data, 'read') is False:  
                pass  
            elif hasattr(data, 'seek') and (not hasattr(data, 'seekable') or data.seekable()):  
                data.seek(0)  
            else:  
                return r, info  
            r, info = http._post_file(url, data=fields, files={'file': (fname, data, mime_type)})  
      
        return r, info
    

    这里官方使用两个方法,先试用put_data方法将字符串转换为二进制文件流,随后调用_form_put进行同步上传操作,这里_form_put这个私有方法是可复用的,既兼容文件流也兼容文件实体,写法上非常值得我们借鉴,弄明白了官方原版的流程后,让我们撰写文件流传输的异步版本:

    # 上传文件流  
        async def upload_data(self,up_token, key,data,url="http://up-z1.qiniup.com",params=None,mime_type='application/octet-stream',file_name=None,metadata=None):  
      
            data.encode('utf-8')  
              
            fields = {}  
            if params:  
                for k, v in params.items():  
                    fields[k] = str(v)  
      
            if key is not None:  
                fields['key'] = key  
            fields['token'] = up_token  
      
            fname = file_name  
            if not fname or not fname.strip():  
                fname = 'file_name'  
      
            async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:  
      
                # 调用异步使用await关键字  
                res = await client.post(url,data=fields,files={'file': (fname,data,mime_type)})  
      
                print(res.text)
    

    这里我们声明异步方法upload_data,通过encode直接转换文件流,并使用异步httpx.AsyncClient()对象将文件流推送到官网接口地址:up-z1.qiniup.com

    随后进行测试:

    import asyncio
    q = qiniu_async.Qiniu("accesskey","accesssecret")  
      
    token = q.upload_token("空间名称")  
      
    #文件流上传  
    asyncio.run(q.upload_data(token,"3343.txt","123测试"))
    

    程序返回:

    ➜  mydemo git:(master) ✗ /opt/homebrew/bin/python3.10 "/Users/liuyue/wodfan/work/mydemo/src/test.py"  
    {"hash":"FtnQXAXft5AsOH1mrmXGaRzSt-95","key":"33434.txt"}
    

    接口会返回文件流的hash编码,没有问题。

    接着查看文件上传流程:

    def put_file(up_token, key, file_path, params=None,  
                 mime_type='application/octet-stream', check_crc=False,  
                 progress_handler=None, upload_progress_recorder=None, keep_last_modified=False, hostscache_dir=None,  
                 part_size=None, version=None, bucket_name=None, metadata=None):  
        """上传文件到七牛  
        Args:  
            up_token:                 上传凭证  
            key:                      上传文件名  
            file_path:                上传文件的路径  
            params:                   自定义变量,规格参考 https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo/manual/vars#xvar  
            mime_type:                上传数据的mimeType  
            check_crc:                是否校验crc32  
            progress_handler:         上传进度  
            upload_progress_recorder: 记录上传进度,用于断点续传  
            hostscache_dir:           host请求 缓存文件保存位置  
            version:                  分片上传版本 目前支持v1/v2版本 默认v1  
            part_size:                分片上传v2必传字段 默认大小为4MB 分片大小范围为1 MB - 1 GB  
            bucket_name:              分片上传v2字段 空间名称  
            metadata:                 元数据信息  
        Returns:  
            一个dict变量,类似 {"hash": "<Hash string>", "key": "<Key string>"}  
            一个ResponseInfo对象  
        """  
        ret = {}  
        size = os.stat(file_path).st_size  
        with open(file_path, 'rb') as input_stream:  
            file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)  
            modify_time = int(os.path.getmtime(file_path))  
            if size > config.get_default('default_upload_threshold'):  
                ret, info = put_stream(up_token, key, input_stream, file_name, size, hostscache_dir, params,  
                                       mime_type, progress_handler,  
                                       upload_progress_recorder=upload_progress_recorder,  
                                       modify_time=modify_time, keep_last_modified=keep_last_modified,  
                                       part_size=part_size, version=version, bucket_name=bucket_name, metadata=metadata)  
            else:  
                crc = file_crc32(file_path)  
                ret, info = _form_put(up_token, key, input_stream, params, mime_type,  
                                      crc, hostscache_dir, progress_handler, file_name,  
                                      modify_time=modify_time, keep_last_modified=keep_last_modified, metadata=metadata)  
        return ret, info
    

    这里官方使用的是标准库上下文管理器同步读取文件,改写为异步方法:

    # 上传文件实体  
        async def upload_file(self,up_token,key,path,url="http://up-z1.qiniup.com",params=None,mime_type='application/octet-stream',file_name=None,metadata=None):  
      
      
            async with aiofiles.open(path, mode='rb') as f:  
                contents = await f.read()  
              
            fields = {}  
            if params:  
                for k, v in params.items():  
                    fields[k] = str(v)  
      
            if key is not None:  
                fields['key'] = key  
            fields['token'] = up_token  
      
            fname = file_name  
            if not fname or not fname.strip():  
                fname = 'file_name'  
      
            async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:  
      
                # 调用异步使用await关键字  
                res = await client.post(url,data=fields,files={'file': (fname,contents,mime_type)})  
      
                print(res.text)
    

    通过aiofiles异步读取文件后,在通过httpx.AsyncClient()进行异步传输。

    需要注意的是,这里默认传输到up-z1.qiniup.com接口,如果是不同区域的云存储服务器,需要更改url参数的值,具体服务器接口列表请参照官网文档。

    至此,文件流和文件异步传输就改造好了。

    上传至Python官方库

    为了方便广大七牛云用户使用异步传输版本库,可以将qiniu-async上传到Python官方库,首先注册成为Python官方库的开发者:pypi.org/

    随后在项目根目录下新建setup.py文件:

    import setuptools  
    import pathlib  
      
    here = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.resolve()  
    long_description = (here / "README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")  
      
    setuptools.setup(  
        name="qiniu-async",  
        version="1.0.1",  
        author="LiuYue",  
        author_email="zcxey2911@gmail.com",  
        description="qiniu_async python library",  
        long_description=long_description,  
        long_description_content_type="text/markdown",  
        url="https://github.com/qiniu-async",  
        packages=setuptools.find_packages(),  
        license="Apache 2.0",  
        classifiers=[  
            "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",  
            "Intended Audience :: Developers",  
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",  
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",  
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",  
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",  
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",  
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",  
            "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",  
            "Operating System :: OS Independent",  
      
        ],  
        keywords="qiniu, qiniu_async, async",  
        py_modules=[  
            'qiniu_async'  
        ],  
        install_requires=["aiofiles","httpx"],  
    )
    

    这是安装文件,主要为了声明该模块的名称、作者、版本以及依赖库。

    随后本地打包文件:

    python3 setup.py sdist
    

    程序会根据setup.py文件生成压缩包:

    ➜  qiniu_async tree  
    .  
    ├── README.md  
    ├── dist  
    │ └── qiniu-async-1.0.1.tar.gz  
    ├── https:  
    │ └── github.com  
    │     └── zcxey2911  
    │         └── qiniu-async.git  
    ├── qiniu_async.egg-info  
    │ ├── PKG-INFO  
    │ ├── SOURCES.txt  
    │ ├── dependency_links.txt  
    │ ├── requires.txt  
    │ └── top_level.txt  
    ├── qiniu_async.py  
    └── setup.py
    

    接着安装twine库, 准备提交Python官网:

    pip3 install twine
    

    随后在根目录运行命令提交:

    twine upload dist/*
    

    在官网进行查看:https://pypi.org/project/qiniu-async/

    随后本地就可以直接通过pip命令句进行安装了:

    pip install qiniu-async -i https://pypi.org/simple
    

    非常方便。

    结语

    云端存储,异步加持,猛虎添翼,未敢拥钵独飨,除了通过pip安装qiniu-async库,也奉上Github项目地址:https://github.com/zcxey2911/qiniu-async ,与众乡亲同飨。

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