因为想要写一个简单的操作系统,所以需要安装虚拟机来模拟出硬件,VMware不适合这个场景,因为会使用硬件级别的虚拟化,而bochs这个开源虚拟机,是用软件虚拟了所有的硬件,所以调试可以做到非常细的粒度,比如每次cpu执行命令,我们都可以暂停,看寄存器状态,看内存状态,这对于操作系统开发调试的帮助太大太大了。所以我们使用bochs这个虚拟机来。
mac安装bochs
我的当前环境是Mac 版本是10.15.3,记录下安装的过程和踩的坑。
步骤:
- 安装 sdl 库,后续编译会用到
brew install sdl
- 下载源码并且解压
下载地址:https://sourceforge.net/projects/bochs/files/latest/download
# 下载解压
tar -xvf bochs-2.6.tar.gz
# configure 所需要的参数
./configure --enable-ne2000 \
--enable-all-optimizations \
--enable-cpu-level=6 \
--enable-x86-64 \
--enable-vmx=2 \
--enable-pci \
--enable-usb \
--enable-usb-ohci \
--enable-e1000 \
--enable-debugger \
--enable-disasm \
--disable-debugger-gui \
--with-sdl \
--prefix=$HOME/opt/bochs
这里的 prefix 参数指定了安装的位置,修改成自己想要的地址。
这里出现了第一个问题:
问题1
报这个错误
cdrom_osx.cc:194:18: error: assigning to 'char ' from incompatible type 'const ch
于是在网上查了一下,这个报错有个补丁[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/formula-patches/e9b520dd4c/bochs/xcode9.patch],我们找到这个文件并且修改源码,这个文件在 bochs-2.6/iodev/hdimage/cdrom_osx.cc
,我们打开修改第 193 行
if ((devname = strrchr(devpath, '/')) != NULL) {
改为:
if ((devname = (char *) strrchr(devpath, '/')) != NULL) {
问题解决,我们接着编译。
make && make install
问题二
这个时候报这个错
config.cc:3261:55: error: ordered comparison between pointer and zero ('char *' and 'int')
if (SIM->get_param_string("model", base)->getptr()>0) {
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~
1 error generated.
我们打开config.cc,找到3621行,修改为
修改config.cc的3621行
if (SIM->get_param_string("model", base)->getptr()>0) {
为
if (SIM->get_param_string("model", base)->getptr()>(char *)0) {
即可。
然后我们再次编译
make && make install
此时即可正常编译成功。
我们可以将 bochs 加入环境变量以便使用:
export BXSHARE="$HOME/workplace/os/bochs/share/bochs"
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/workplace/os/bochs/bin"
Bochs使用
bochs的安装目录下的bochs/share/doc/bochs/bochsrc-sample.txt
是配置文件的模板。我们自己编写一个简单的配置文件来运行:
# 设置虚拟机内存为32MB
megs: 32
# 设置BIOS镜像
romimage: file=$BXSHARE/BIOS-bochs-latest
# 设置VGA BIOS镜像
vgaromimage: file=$BXSHARE/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest
# 设置从硬盘启动
boot: disk
# 设置日志文件
log: bochsout.txt
# 关闭鼠标
mouse: enabled=0
# 打开键盘
keyboard: type=mf, serial_delay=250
# 设置硬盘
ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14
# 添加gdb远程调试支持
gdbstub: enabled=1, port=1234, text_base=0, data_base=0, bss_base=0
保存为 bochsrc 。在该目录运行命令执行:
➜ my_src git:(master) ✗ bochs
========================================================================
Bochs x86 Emulator 2.6
Built from SVN snapshot on September 2nd, 2012
Compiled on Feb 11 2020 at 14:52:19
========================================================================
00000000000i[ ] reading configuration from bochsrc
00000000000p[ ] >>PANIC<< bochsrc:26: Bochs is not compiled with gdbstub support
========================================================================
Bochs is exiting with the following message:
[ ] bochsrc:26: Bochs is not compiled with gdbstub support
========================================================================
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPU is in real mode (active)
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CS.mode = 16 bit
00000000000i[CPU0 ] SS.mode = 16 bit
00000000000i[CPU0 ] EFER = 0x00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EAX=00000000 EBX=00000000 ECX=00000000 EDX=00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | ESP=00000000 EBP=00000000 ESI=00000000 EDI=00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | IOPL=0 id vip vif ac vm rf nt of df if tf sf ZF af PF cf
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | SEG sltr(index|ti|rpl) base limit G D
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | DS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | SS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | ES:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | FS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | GS:0000( 0000| 0| 0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EIP=00000000 (00000000)
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR0=0x00000000 CR2=0x00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR3=0x00000000 CR4=0x00000000
bx_dbg_read_linear: physical memory read error (phy=0x0000000000000000, lin=0x0000000000000000)
00000000000i[CTRL ] quit_sim called with exit code 1
此时我们便成功运行了一个虚拟机。
模拟硬盘
bochs提供了一个创建虚拟硬盘的工具 bximage,提供了交互的方式创建虚拟硬盘,我们来做一下:
➜ my_src git:(master) ✗ bximage
========================================================================
bximage
Disk Image Creation Tool for Bochs
$Id: bximage.c 11315 2012-08-05 18:13:38Z vruppert $
========================================================================
Do you want to create a floppy disk image or a hard disk image?
Please type hd or fd. [hd] // 回车,新建硬盘
What kind of image should I create?
Please type flat, sparse or growing. [flat] // 回车,flat硬盘
Enter the hard disk size in megabytes, between 1 and 8257535
[10] 10 // 10MB大小硬盘
I will create a 'flat' hard disk image with
cyl=20
heads=16
sectors per track=63
total sectors=20160
total size=9.84 megabytes
What should I name the image?
[c.img] hd10m.img // 名称
Writing: [] Done.
I wrote 10321920 bytes to hd10m.img.
The following line should appear in your bochsrc:
ata0-master: type=disk, path="hd10m.img", mode=flat, cylinders=20, heads=16, spt=63
➜ my_src git:(master) ✗ ls
bochsrc hd10m.img
好了,环境配置到此结束,我们之后将学习如何编写启动信息。
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