在日常开发中，我们用fragment承担页面UI主要的逻辑，简化activity逻辑。有个场景，fragment需要监听返回键。但fragment不像activity能感知物理按键。
过去
我们会写一个监听接口，让fragment实现。然后activity遍历（或根据tag）找到需要的fragment，在按返回键时，主动将事件下发给fragment。
虽然实现了fragment监听返回键的效果，但是代码需要侵入到activity，并不利于维护。google官方也考虑到了这个问题。
现在
在新版的AndroidX中：ComponentActivity中增加了OnBackPressedDispatcher（用于注册返回键监听）。
activity继承关系如下：
WechatIMG9.jpeg
新的fragment监听方案：
关键类：OnBackPressedCallback，OnBackPressedDispatcher，ComponentActivity。
// 定义返回键监听事件。
val callback = object : OnBackPressedCallback(false) {
override fun handleOnBackPressed() {
//do some thing
}
}
// 注册监听事件。activity为ComponentActivity的子类对象即可。并绑定生命周期。
activity.onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(lifecycleOwner, callback)
// 也可以不绑定生命周期。
activity.onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(callback)
OnBackPressedCallback可以设置enabled，可以灵活控制要不要消费返回键点击事件。
优势
所有代码都在fragment里。不需要要求activity写多余的逻辑。只要能拿到activity对象和所在的lifecycleOwner即可完成监听任务。甚至是在自定义view中。
深入源码
OnBackPressedCallback：用于处理OnBackPressedDispatcher.onBackPressed()回调而无需将该实现与的子类强耦合的类ComponentActivity。源码比较简单
public abstract class OnBackPressedCallback {
private boolean mEnabled;
private CopyOnWriteArrayList<Cancellable> mCancellables = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
/**
* Create a {@link OnBackPressedCallback}.
*
* @param enabled The default enabled state for this callback.
* @see #setEnabled(boolean)
*/
public OnBackPressedCallback(boolean enabled) {
mEnabled = enabled;
}
/**
* Set the enabled state of the callback. Only when this callback
* is enabled will it receive callbacks to {@link #handleOnBackPressed()}.
* <p>
* Note that the enabled state is an additional layer on top of the
* {@link androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner} passed to
* {@link OnBackPressedDispatcher#addCallback(LifecycleOwner, OnBackPressedCallback)}
* which controls when the callback is added and removed to the dispatcher.
*
* @param enabled whether the callback should be considered enabled
*/
@MainThread
public final void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
mEnabled = enabled;
}
/**
* Checks whether this callback should be considered enabled. Only when this callback
* is enabled will it receive callbacks to {@link #handleOnBackPressed()}.
*
* @return Whether this callback should be considered enabled.
*/
@MainThread
public final boolean isEnabled() {
return mEnabled;
}
/**
* Removes this callback from any {@link OnBackPressedDispatcher} it is currently
* added to.
*/
@MainThread
public final void remove() {
for (Cancellable cancellable: mCancellables) {
cancellable.cancel();
}
}
/**
* Callback for handling the {@link OnBackPressedDispatcher#onBackPressed()} event.
*/
@MainThread
public abstract void handleOnBackPressed();
void addCancellable(@NonNull Cancellable cancellable) {
mCancellables.add(cancellable);
}
void removeCancellable(@NonNull Cancellable cancellable) {
mCancellables.remove(cancellable);
}
}
OnBackPressedDispatcher：存放监听的容器，通过它统一执行。
储存结构：
// 利用一个队列存储回调。
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess") /* synthetic access */
final ArrayDeque<OnBackPressedCallback> mOnBackPressedCallbacks = new ArrayDeque<>();
是否有有效回调：
@MainThread
public boolean hasEnabledCallbacks() {
Iterator<OnBackPressedCallback> iterator =
mOnBackPressedCallbacks.descendingIterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
if (iterator.next().isEnabled()) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
执行顺序：
// 按先注册顺序遍历，只执行enabled为true的回调。
@MainThread
public void onBackPressed() {
Iterator<OnBackPressedCallback> iterator =
mOnBackPressedCallbacks.descendingIterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
OnBackPressedCallback callback = iterator.next();
if (callback.isEnabled()) {
callback.handleOnBackPressed();
return;
}
}
if (mFallbackOnBackPressed != null) {
mFallbackOnBackPressed.run();
}
}
绑定生命周期原理：
@MainThread
public void addCallback(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner,
@NonNull OnBackPressedCallback onBackPressedCallback) {
Lifecycle lifecycle = owner.getLifecycle();
if (lifecycle.getCurrentState() == Lifecycle.State.DESTROYED) {
return; // 无视已经死亡的。
}
onBackPressedCallback.addCancellable(
new LifecycleOnBackPressedCancellable(lifecycle, onBackPressedCallback));
}
LifecycleOnBackPressedCancellable 监听生命周期变化，决定是否cancel掉监听。
private class LifecycleOnBackPressedCancellable implements LifecycleEventObserver,
Cancellable {
private final Lifecycle mLifecycle;
private final OnBackPressedCallback mOnBackPressedCallback;
@Nullable
private Cancellable mCurrentCancellable;
LifecycleOnBackPressedCancellable(@NonNull Lifecycle lifecycle,
@NonNull OnBackPressedCallback onBackPressedCallback) {
mLifecycle = lifecycle;
mOnBackPressedCallback = onBackPressedCallback;
lifecycle.addObserver(this);
}
@Override
public void onStateChanged(@NonNull LifecycleOwner source,
@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_START) {
// 此时为有效。
mCurrentCancellable = addCancellableCallback(mOnBackPressedCallback);
} else if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) {
// Should always be non-null
if (mCurrentCancellable != null) {
mCurrentCancellable.cancel();
}
} else if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) {
cancel();
}
}
@Override
public void cancel() {
mLifecycle.removeObserver(this);
mOnBackPressedCallback.removeCancellable(this);
if (mCurrentCancellable != null) {
mCurrentCancellable.cancel();
mCurrentCancellable = null;
}
}
}
ComponentActivity：
关键代码：
// 父类的 onBackPressed 事件委托给 OnBackPressedDispatcher 。
private final OnBackPressedDispatcher mOnBackPressedDispatcher =
new OnBackPressedDispatcher(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ComponentActivity.super.onBackPressed();
}
});
// 自己的 onBackPressed 全交给 OnBackPressedDispatcher 处理。
@Override
@MainThread
public void onBackPressed() {
mOnBackPressedDispatcher.onBackPressed();
}
总结
利用注册监听的方式，可以很好的结偶代码，可以activity的功能分发到各个能够访问activity对象的组件上。
配个图
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